• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2022

The active ingredients of Napttegi Kong(GML, Glycine max landrace), a type of native rare soybeans, were identified, and an ultrasonic extraction method was introduced as an eco-friendly extraction method. Through the component analysis of the Napttegi Kong extract, the epicatechin, which was not found in conventional soybeans, was identified. For effective extraction using ultrasonic, the main extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface analysis method. Through the Box-Behnken design process, 15 experiments were conducted with the extraction temperature, the ratio of extraction solvent/solution, and extraction time as key independent variables. A quadratic regression equation for the two dependent variables, epicatechin content and total isoflavone content, was derived, and the coefficients of determination were found to be high as R² = 0.9939 and R² = 0.9844, respectively, confirming that the correlation showed high significance. The extraction conditions satisfying the maximum expectations of these two dependent variables were predicted. to be 40.4℃ of extraction temperature, 19.3 times of extraction solvent/solution, and 91 sec of extraction time. The expected value and the actual experimental value of the epikatechin content and the total isoflavone content were similar, so it was confirmed that this experimental method is a highly reliable optimization model.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1128-1141
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• 2021

'Angelica' is one of the most traditionally consumed medicinal herbs around Northeast Asia including Korea for treatments of various diseases or health care purposes like hematopoiesis, blood circulation for women, sedative, analgesic, and a tonic medicine etc. Angelica gigas Nakai, a Korean native species of Angelica, is clearly different from the others in containing a high concentration of active ingredients like pyranocoumarines including decursin, decursinol, and decursinol angelate. These compounds have various kinds of positive effects such as anti-tumor activity including the precaution of neutropenia occurred during anticancer drug administration, improvements of metabolic disorders, menstrual irregularity, impairment of renal function, respiration improvement, cognition-enhancement, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-oxidative effect, enhancing fertility and so forth. Thus it implies incredible potentialities in future development for foods and drugs. However, certain purity-related qualities and/or overdose in food products can cause side effects like toxicities; therefore, their safety profiles should also be considered. This review focuses on the positive and negative effects of three pyranocoumarines in Angelica gigas Nakai and some possibilities and considerations for future food and drug products development.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the optimum condition of protease production from submerged culture of oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes, Sanlim No. 5) and its enzymatic features. Among several combinations of media, the combination of wheat bran, corn flour, water and corn oil (WB+CF+W+ CO) yielded 84.8 U/g of maximum protease activity. This combination of ingredients, in spite of not being particularly protein-rich in comparison to the other media, allowed for good growth of the fungus and maximal protease production. Comparison of different growth medium liquids indicated that demineralized water afforded the best growth of the fungus and the highest protease activity. Acetate buffer and acidified water negatively affected The protease production peaked around 72 hr of incubation, and decreased thereafter. The molecular weights of produced protease were about 45,000 by Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The pH optimum for protease activity was 4, while maximal activity incubated at 37℃ for 1 hr was observed between pH 4~6. The optimum temperature of this protease was 55℃, and the enzyme was active over a broad temperature range (30~60℃), indicating that this protease would be suitable for a wide range of applications where. different pH and temperature are necessary, such as digestive aids, food industry, beer and tannery industries.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.685-699
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has long been known as a medicinal herb effective in various diseases, including bronchitis and asthma, but is still more widely used for food. Fermentation methods are being applied to increase the pharmacological composition of PG extracts and commercialize them with high added value. This study examines the hydrolyzed and fermented PG extract (HFPGE) fermented with Lactobacillus casei in RAW 264.7 cells, and investigates the effect of amplifying the immune and the probable molecular mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS: HFPGE's total phenolic, flavonoid, saponin, and platycodin D contents were analyzed by colorimetric analysis or high-performance liquid chromatography. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. Phagocytic activity was analyzed by a phagocytosis assay kit, nitric oxide (NO) production by a Griess reagent system, and cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, whereas MAPK and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were analyzed by Western blots. RESULTS: Compared to PGE, HFPGE was determined to contain 13.76 times and 6.69 times higher contents of crude saponin and platycodin D, respectively. HFPGE promoted cell proliferation and phagocytosis in RAW 264.7 cells and regulated the NO production and iNOS expression. Treatment with HFPGE also resulted in increased production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand10, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and the mRNA expressions of these cytokines. HFPGE also resulted in significantly increasing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results imply that fermentation and hydrolysis result in the extraction of more active ingredients of PG. Furthermore, we determined that HFPGE exerts immunostimulatory activity via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2021

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) has been used in Korean herbal medicine for various pharmacological activities, such as to create antioxidant and skin whitening effects. Decursin and decursinol angelate of AGN extracts can be used as potential active drugs and cosmetic ingredients. This study investigated the possibility of topical delivery of AGN extracts using a manufactured emulsion system. Lotion was formulated by using Tefose^® and paraffin for the oil phase, Kolliphor RH 40 for the surfactant and solubilizing agent-which showed high solubility in water (0.82 mg/ml)-and a water phase with a carbomer. In vitro skin permeation of decursin and decursinol angelate was determined using a Strat-M^® membrane in Franz diffusion cells. Lotion samples as the experimental group (248.08±19.72 ug/cm²) significantly increased the permeation of decursin and decursinol angelate for up to 24 hr compared to the control group (119.18±19.23 ug/cm²). The permeability was also characterized by the flux (penetration rates) and Kp (permeability coefficient) values. The experimental group (17.20±1.23 ug/h/cm² and 5.73±1.39 cm/h^*10^-3) had higher flux and Kp than the control group (8.22±1.24 ug/h/cm² and 2.74±0.51 cm/h^*10^-3). Lotion with decursin and decursinol angelate of AGN extracts could be used for the topical application of drug and cosmetic products.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the main active ingredients in ginseng. Here, we aimed to confirm its protective effect on the heart function in transverse aortic coarctation (TAC)-induced heart failure mice and explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: The effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on heart and mitochondrial function were investigated by treating TAC-induced heart failure in mice. The mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 for improving heart and mitochondrial function in mice with heart failure was predicted through integrative analysis of the proteome and plasma metabolome. Glucose uptake and myocardial insulin sensitivity were evaluated using micro-positron emission tomography. The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on myocardial insulin sensitivity was clarified by combining in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. Results: Treatment of TAC-induced mouse models with ginsenoside Rg3 significantly improved heart function and protected mitochondrial structure and function. Fusion of metabolomics, proteomics, and targeted metabolomics data showed that Rg3 regulated the glycolysis process, and Rg3 not only regulated glucose uptake but also improve myocardial insulin resistance. The molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 regulation of glucose metabolism was determined by exploring the interaction pathways of AMPK, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism. The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on the promotion of glucose uptake in IR-H9c2 cells by AMPK activation was dependent on the insulin signaling pathway. Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates glucose metabolism and significantly ameliorates insulin resistance through activation of the AMPK pathway.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.849-854
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• 2022

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of supercritical carbon dioxide selective extracts, which extract decursin and decursinol angelate, the vital active ingredients of Angelica gigas Nakai, in high yield, was measured compared to that of ethanol extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory effect, the production of nitric oxide(NO), an inflammatory mediator, and interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8, inflammatory cytokines, was measured. NO production was measured by Griess assay on Raw 264.7 cells induced inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and IL-6 and IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA) on human keratinocyte cell line(HaCaT) cells induced inflammatory response by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. The amount of NO production was suppressed outstandingly by the supercritical carbon dioxide extracts compared to the ethanol extracts. The amount of IL-6 and IL-8 production was increased by the ethanol extracts, whereas statistically significantly inhibited by supercritical carbon dioxide extracts at the concentration of 6.25 ㎍/mL(P<0.01). Through these results, we confirmed that the supercritical carbon dioxide selective extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai could be used as an anti-inflammatory cosmeceutical material to alleviate atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.943-951
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• 2022

In this study, 8 kinds of fruits and vegetables such as apples, pears and radishes were cut and hot water extracts and Steamed hot water extract from fruits and vegetables were prepared and used as experimental substrates. As a result of fermenting with 1% (W/V) red ginseng extract (W/V) and 8 types of lactic acid bacteria mixed starter added to the lactic acid bacteria fermented extract, the pattern and content of ginsenosides were almost unchanged in the fruit and vegetable extract group and the steam treatment group. However, in the lactic acid bacteria fermented group, the TLC pattern was changed according to the fermentation process and treatment, and the content of ginsenosides converted into Rg₃(S) and Rg₅ increased. No change in the number of lactic acid bacteria (cfu) was observed in all four types of fruit and vegetable extracts. The number of lactic acid bacteria CFU was slightly decreased in the four fermented groups of fruit and vegetable extracts, but the growth inhibitory effect of beneficial bacteria was not significant. The growth inhibitory effect of the three harmful bacteria was not affected by the growth of E. coli and Pseudomonas in the four fruit and vegetable extracts. However, the proliferation of Salmonella was inhibited, which was confirmed as the growth inhibitory effect of the fruit and vegetable extract regardless of whether the steamed hot water extract or red ginseng extract was added.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate physiological activity of flower extract of peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by hydrolysis and to use it as a valuable cosmetic ingredients. Four cultivar of peony flowers were extracted, and the highest active ingredient contents was selected, and that cultivar was used for hydrolyzing. The results showed that high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolyzed, and biological hydrolysis using enzymes had no activity. The deglycosylation of peonidin 3,5-diglucoside occurred by hydrolysis. The hydrolysate contains 63.3 ppm of peonidin, a red-colored anthocyanin compound. The antioxidant activity of hydrolysate was compared with extract. The results showed the strong antioxidant activity in hydrolysate (96%) than extract (82%). In addition, hydrolysate of peony flower showed higher inhibitory activity of NO release than extract. UVA assay using fibroblast cell (CCD-986Sk) showed that hydrolysate increased cell viability than extract under UVA exposure. Based on these results, we anticipate that hydrolysate of peony flower can be used a valuable cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

Background: As a result of analyzing the components of wild Conyza canadensis, it contains physiologically active ingredients, so it is necessary to identify the compound. Purposes: It was to study the compound's molecular structure; a previous study showed that C. canadensis contains antioxidant substances. Methods: The ultrasonic pulverized lysate of C. canadensis stem and leaves was first extracted with 90% methanol and then five organic solvents. Next, the extracts was fractionated by HPLC, LC/MS chromatography, and NMR analyzers identified the molecular structure. Results: 100 g of dry C. canadensis was sonicated in 90% methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure to 11.96 g of a crude extract. Then, this crude was extracted with five types of solvents to obtain 123.8 mg of n-hexane, 448.2 mg of dichloromethane, 1047.7 mg of ethyl acetate (EA), 2563.8 mg of butanol, and 7.04 g of water. The EA extracts were fractionated by LC-MS and then re-fractionated to obtain F1 to F20. Next, the F15 was further fractionated to obtain nine fine fractions. Finally, the F17 fraction was re-fractionated to obtain ten fine fractions. As a result of LC-MS and NMR spectrometer analysis of the F15-7, the structure of this compound was confirmed as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. As a result of examining the structures of the F17-4 and F17-5 fractions, Quercetin-3-o-β-galactose was identified. In addition, the form of the F17-10 was confirmed to be 1,3,4-tri-caffeoylquinic acid. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that C. canadensis contained phenolic antioxidants, and its utilization may be expected.