• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2023

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a noninvasive method used to capture electrically muscle activity, which can be easily measured even during exercise. The basic unit of muscle activity is the motor unit, and because an sEMG signal is a superposition of motor unit action potentials, analysis of muscle activity using sEMG should ideally be done from the perspective of motor unit activity. However, conventional techniques can only evaluate sEMG signals based on abstract signal features, such as root-mean-square (RMS) and mean-power-frequency (MPF), and cannot detect individual motor unit activities from an sEMG signal. On the other hand, needle EMG can only capture the activity of a few local motor units, making it extremely difficult to grasp the activity of the entire muscle. Therefore, in this study, a method to visualize the activities of motor units in a single-channel sEMG signal by relocating wavelet coefficients obtained by redundant discrete wavelet analysis is proposed. The information obtained through this method resides in between the information obtained through needle EMG and the information obtained through sEMG using conventional techniques.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 1994

한국 홍삼과 백삼의 조산성 다당체 성분과 수용성 추출물, 그리고 ginsenoside 성분이 암독소 호르몬-L에 의해 유도된 지방 분해를 저해하는 효과를 검토하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 지방분해 및 식욕억제 인자로 알려진 암독소 호르몬-L은 saroma-180을 접종한 mouse의 복수액으로부터 부분정제하여 사용하였다. 한국 홍삼과 백삼으로부터 정ㅇ제하여 얻은 조산성 다당체 각 분획의 성분은 10$\mu$g/ml 농도 이상에서 암독소 호르몬-L이 유도하는 지방 분해에 억제효과가 있었고, 이들 중 PG1과 PG4에서 지방 분해 저해 활성이 가장 높았으며, 이를 더 정제한 결과 PG4-3분획에서 활성이 가장 높았다. 고려인삼 중 백삼과 홍삼의 각 4, 5, 6 년근별로 얻은 수용성 추출물의 암독소 호르몬-L의 지방분해 억제에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 억제율은 1,000$\mu$g/ml 농도에서 백삼 4, 5 및 6년근이 각각 56.3, 59.7 및 59.4% 였고, 홍삼은 각각 78.6, 79.1 및 82.5%로 백삼보다 홍삼의 억제율이 높았다. 인삼 시료 g당 총저해활성은 백삼의 경우 100$\mu$g/ml 농도에서는 4년근이, 1,000$\mu$g/ml 농도에서는 5년근에서 가장 높았으나, 홍삼의 경우 다같이 6년근에서 가장 높았다. 또한 ginsonoside 성분의 경우 지방 분해 억제율과 총저해활성이 모두 RB2에서 가장 높았다.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2017

두 개의 딸기 온실 (농약살포포장, 천적방사포장)에서 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch)의 고정 정확도 수준에서 표본조사법 (Fixed-precision sampling plan)을 개발하였다. 표본추출은 조사구역당 3개엽으로 이루어진 복엽 1줄기를 기준으로 하여 3줄기를 채취하였다. 각 복엽은 Relative net precision (RNP) 값을 비교하기 위해 3개의 서로 다른 단위(1엽, 2엽, 3엽)로 나뉘어졌다. RNP 값 결과 1엽 단위가 다른 단위들보다 정확도와 효율적인 면에서 우수했다. 공간분포 분석은 Taylor's power law (TPL)를 이용하였으며, 각 딸기 온실별로 계산된 TPL 계수의 동질성검정에는 공분산분석(ANCOVA)을 이용하였으며, 분석결과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 표본추출 정시선을 구하기 위한 TPL 계수는 농약살포포장과 천적방사포장의 딸기 1엽 단위에서 점박이응애 밀도 자료를 합한 뒤 재계산하여 사용하였다. 그리고 점박이응애 발생밀도수준을 3마리와 10마리로 설정하여 방제의사를 결정하였다. 분석에 사용하지 않은 독립된 자료를 이용하여 개발된 표본추출법의 유효성을 Resampling Validation for sampling plan (RVSP)으로 확인한 결과 적합한 정확도를 보였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.280-281
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• 2011

Special Protection Scheme(SPS) that operates scenarios about faults beyond the normally protective action is wide system protection technology for the purpose of wide areas protection. Therefore, the SPS focuses on the improvement of the power supply capability by protecting the system rather than protecting the system equipments. Since the SPS requires emergency operation, the operation schedule is set up in advance by analyzing various scenarios. Since the SPS's action scheme uses generator tripping and is a classical method it is presently the most powerful one. However, as the setting of SPS is set to the most severe disturbance, the scheme tends to trip more generators than required to prevent fault propagation. It is highly likely that tripping generator units to prevent fault propagation would result in difficulty of system management and possibility of load shedding. Accordingly, it is desirable that generators are connected to the system within the range that ensures system stability and intelligent SPS is currently under development to solve the problem being stated. In this paper, as a part of developing the intelligent SPS, application of the fast-valving and braking resistor scheme to the generators is being proposed and analysed to reduce the number of tripped generators.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

이 논문은 유스 케이스 기반 실시간 시스템을 위한 디자인 지향 테스트를 소개한다. 우리는 디자인 스키마를 기능적 컴포넌트의 계층적 디자인 컴포넌트 아키텍처(즉 디자인 컴포넌트)로 분할 하는 실시간 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 확장 유스 케이스에 초점을 둔다. 실행 순차의 다양한 유스 케이스의 액션 단위를 기술하는 관련된 시나리오를 포함하는, 즉 실시간 시스뎀 설계의 동적 특성을 반영하는, 유스 케이스 액션 메트릭스를 제안한다. 실시간 시스템을 제안한 디자인 지향 테스트에 적용 시도를 통해 생산성 향상을 위한 시나리오 순서화를 생성하고 기존의 테스트 케이스 재사용을 진작시킨다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1647-1659
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• 2008

Let R be a ring with identity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of R and G the group of all units of R. First, we investigate some connected conditions of the zero-divisor graph $\Gamma(R)$ of a noncommutative ring R as follows: (1) if $\Gamma(R)$ has no sources and no sinks, then $\Gamma(R)$ is connected and diameter of $\Gamma(R)$, denoted by diam($\Gamma(R)$) (resp. girth of $\Gamma(R)$, denoted by g($\Gamma(R)$)) is equal to or less than 3; (2) if X is a union of finite number of orbits under the left (resp. right) regular action on X by G, then $\Gamma(R)$ is connected and diam($\Gamma(R)$) (resp. g($\Gamma(R)$)) is equal to or less than 3, in addition, if R is local, then there is a vertex of $\Gamma(R)$ which is adjacent to every other vertices in $\Gamma(R)$; (3) if R is unit-regular, then $\Gamma(R)$ is connected and diam($\Gamma(R)$) (resp. g($\Gamma(R)$)) is equal to or less than 3. Next, we investigate the graph automorphisms group of $\Gamma(Mat_2(\mathbb{Z}_p))$ where $Mat_2(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ is the ring of 2 by 2 matrices over the galois field $\mathbb{Z}_p$ (p is any prime).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of task-oriented arm training for chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. The experimental design in this study was the pre-test and post-test with control group for 4-week intervention. Thirty patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke were recruited from 2 rehabilitation units. The subjects were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. The experimental group conducted task-oriented approach, involving 3 subparts of upper extremity activities, and the control group involved in the general upper extremity exercises. Functional movements of the upper extremities were assessed using clinical measures, including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity Section, Box and Block Test, and Action Research Arm Test. The score of Fugl-Meyer Assessment showed greater increases in the experimental group than in the control group after training. The improvement in Box and Block Test between pre-test and post-test measurements was significantly greater after task-oriented arm training compared to general upper extremity exercises. Action Research Arm Test scores also improved after task-oriented arm training compared to exercises in the control group. The task-oriented arm training improves the gross and fine motor activities and encouraging the use of the paretic arm through activity dependent intervention expedites the recovery of functional activities in the upper extremities for chronic hemiparetic stroke.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

Forest bathing has beneficial effects on human health via showering of forest aerosols as well as physical relaxation. Terpenes that consist of multiple isoprene units are the largest class of organic compounds produced by various plants, and one of the major components of forest aerosols. Traditionally, terpene-containing plant oil has been used to treat various diseases without knowing the exact functions or the mechanisms of action of the individual bioactive compounds. This review categorizes various terpenes easily obtained from forests according to their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, or neuroprotective activities. Moreover, potential action mechanisms of the individual terpenes and their effects on such processes, which are described in various in vivo and in vitro systems, are discussed. In conclusion, the studies that show the biological effectiveness of terpenes support the benefits of forest bathing and propose a potential use of terpenes as chemotherapeutic agents for treating various human diseases.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1199-1210
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• 2015

Automatic emotion recognition based on facial cues, such as facial action units (AUs), has received huge attention in the last decade due to its wide variety of applications. Current computer-based automated two-phase facial emotion recognition procedures first detect AUs from input images and then infer target emotions from the detected AUs. However, more robust AU detection and AU-to-emotion mapping methods are required to deal with the error accumulation problem inherent in the multiphase scheme. Motivated by our key observation that a single AU detector does not perform equally well for all AUs, we propose a novel two-phase facial emotion recognition framework, where the presence of AUs is detected by group decisions of multiple AU detectors and a target emotion is inferred from the combined AU detection decisions. Our emotion recognition framework consists of three major components - multiple AU detection, AU detection fusion, and AU-to-emotion mapping. The experimental results on two real-world face databases demonstrate an improved performance over the previous two-phase method using a single AU detector in terms of both AU detection accuracy and correct emotion recognition rate.

• Journal of Semiconductor Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2021

Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) are actively used for action control so that an autonomous system, such as the robot, can perform human-like behaviors and operations. Unlike recognition tasks, the real-time operation is essential in action control, and it is too slow to use remote learning on a server communicating through a network. New learning techniques, such as reinforcement learning (RL), are needed to determine and select the correct robot behavior locally. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient DNN processor with a LUT-based processing engine and near-zero skipper. A CNN-based facial emotion recognition and an RNN-based emotional dialogue generation model is integrated for natural HRI system and tested with the proposed processor. It supports 1b to 16b variable weight bit precision with and 57.6% and 28.5% lower energy consumption than conventional MAC arithmetic units for 1b and 16b weight precision. Also, the near-zero skipper reduces 36% of MAC operation and consumes 28% lower energy consumption for facial emotion recognition tasks. Implemented in 65nm CMOS process, the proposed processor occupies 1784×1784 um2 areas and dissipates 0.28 mW and 34.4 mW at 1fps and 30fps facial emotion recognition tasks.