• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of action-observation training and task-oriented training on activities of daily living performance of stroke patients. Method : 30 stroke patients hospitalized in D hospital located in Busan and treated were randomly allocated to Action-Observation Training Group and Task-Oriented Training Group in fifteens. To compare activities of daily living performance before and after therapy intervention, Korea-modified Barthel index (K-MBI) was carried out. Result : In both groups, activities of daily living performance of stroke patients before and after therapy intervention showed statistically significant differences (p<.05) and activities of daily living performance between two groups after therapy intervention showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion : It was found that action-observation training and task-oriented training improved activities of daily living performance of stroke patients. It is considered that the application of action-observation training and task-oriented training to clinical occupational therapy will show a positive effect on the improvement of activities of daily living performance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the type of video contents used for action observations on the ability to control posture. Methods: The participants were 48 healthy adults. The two hands of the participants were crossed on both shoulders, and the other foot was placed in a straight line in front of the target to allow them to watch a video of the monitor. The videos were presented in random order with three video contents (natural, stable balance posture, and unstable balance posture) consisting of 30 seconds each. A 15-second resting time was given between each video. During action observation using various video content forms, the posture control ability was measured using a TekScan MetScan^® system. Results: The results revealed statistically significant differences in the area of movement and the distance by COP and distance by the type of action-observation videos, and the distance by the anteroposterior and mediolateral sides (p<0.05). The stable balance posture and unstable balance posture video showed significant differences in the distance by the COP, anteroposterior, and mediolateral distance. (p<0.05) Conclusion: This study suggests that choosing the contents of the videos is important during action-observation training, and action-observation training can help improve postural control.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3759-3765
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of action observations on the balance of patients with chronic stroke. The study period was between July 8, 2013 and August 10 2013. The participants were divided randomly into either the landscape picture observation group (n=20) and the action observation group (n=20). Each group observed the landscape pictures and video-recorded action-related balance for 5 minutes, respectively. Both groups had a balance training session for 10 minutes after the picture and video observations. The balance training sessions were repeated twice a day, three times a week for 6 weeks. As a result, significant improvement was noted in the action observation group than the landscape picture observation group for static balance and dynamic balance (p<.05). Consequently, the combination of action observation and balance training is believed to help improve the balance recovery for patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3610-3617
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• 2012

This study was to evaluate the effects of an action observation to improve on gait in stroke patients. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=10). Both groups were trained for 60 minutes, 6 times a week during 6 weeks by neuro-development treatment. Experimental group practiced additional action observation for 3 session 10 minutes per week 6 weeks. Both groups were evaluated by gait velocity, affected step length, non affected step length, affected stride length, non affected stride length, double support time, cadence, and timed up and go to test. There were significantly increased by action observation in outcomes of the gait performance from the gait velocity, affected side step length, affected side stride length, cadence, timed up and go test. In conclusion, the action observation improves gait performance in stroke patients. The results suggest that action observation training is feasible and suitable for individuals with hemiparesis patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.164-168
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• 2017

Purpose: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a device that activates the sensorimotor cortex through electrodes attached to the surface of the skin. However, it is difficult to expect positive changes if the recipient is not attentive to the motion. To complement the perceived cognitive limitations of FES, we attempted to investigate the changes of sensorimotor cortex activity by simultaneously providing action observation with FES. Methods: Electroencephalogram was measured in 28 healthy volunteers. Relative band power over the sensorimotor cortex was analyzed and compared in three conditions: during rest, during FES alone, during action observation with FES. Results: The results showed significant differences in each relative band power. Relative alpha power and relative beta power were the lowest by application of FES combined with action observation, while the relative gamma power was the highest. Conclusion: These results suggest that combining FES with observation could be more effective than FES alone in neurorehabilitation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the effect of treadmill training applied simultaneously with gait related action observation on walking ability in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Sixteen chronic stroke patients participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into either the treadmill applied simultaneously with action observation training group (TAG) or treadmill applied simultaneously with landscape observation training group (TLG). The participants in both group underwent treadmill training for four weeks (a total of twelve minute, once a day, three times weekly for a four week period). All participants were measured to gait speed (10 m walking test, 10 MWT), gait endurance (6 minute walk distance, 6 MWD), dynamic gait index (DGI). In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, we used for SPSS 15.0 for windows. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare pre-test and post-test result, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was employed for comparison between groups. Results: The 10 MWT, 6 MWD, DGI was significantly different between the TAG and the TLG group. Conclusion: According the results of this study, treadmill applied simultaneously with action observation (TAG) is effective intervention for improvement of walking ability in chronic stroke patient.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.7-10
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of brain activity during action observation training and image training throughout EEG. Methods This study was participated 1 healthy college student without mental illness or cognitive impairment. The subject was randomly selected from university students and was interested in participating in the experiment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual and auditory stimuli (action observation) and brain image training. Results The results of our study, EEG value measured o.1 during resting. But brain activity changed to 0.3 during action observation. Finally, it changed to .05 after brain image training. Conclusion EEG measurement results were showed that after watching the Ball squat video, Brain activity increased.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aims to identify changes in the mirror neuron system in normal people through mu rhythm during action observation of occupation-based intervention, purposeful activity and prepare a method of intervention form of occupation using occupation and activity. Methods: TThis study aims to identify changes in the mirror neuron system in normal people through mu rhythm during action observation of occupation-based intervention, purposeful activity and prepare a method of intervention form of occupation using occupation and activity. The activation of the mirror neuron system was compaired among 3 condition by oneway ANOVA. Results: The result of analysis showed mu suppression in all conditions. Although all conditions showed mu suppression, there was no significant difference among the conditions. Conclusion: The results suggest that the mirror neuron system is activated during action observation to be able to occupational therapy but the mirror neuron system is not separately activated among the conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of action observational physical training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on muscle activity and gait ability in patients with stroke. METHODS: Twenty-six chronic stroke patients participated in this study were assigned into three groups, experimental group 1 (10% faster tempo rhythmic auditory stimulation with action observation training) n=8, experimental group 2 (average tempo rhythmic auditory stimulation with action observation training) n=9, and control group (action observation training) n=9. In this experiment, the corresponding exercise were applied into the subjects of three group for 30 minute a day, 3 time a week during 4 weeks. All participants were measured to muscle activity of lower limb, 10 meter walking test, Figure of 8 walk test, Dynamic gait Index. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 18.0 for window) and verified that each data was a normal distribution based on Shapiro-Wilk test. Between-group and within-group comparison was analyzed by using One-way ANOVA test, Paired t-test respectively. In all statistical analyses, significance level, ${\alpha}$ was set by .05. RESULTS: The above results revealed that the all experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 and control group were all effective to improve the lower limb muscle activities, gait ability. However more positive effects shown action observational physical training with rhythmic auditory stimulation experimental group. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that action observation physical training with rhythmic auditory stimulation is effective intervention for improvement of muscle activity and walking ability in chronic stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the effect of action observation training on the muscle onset time and symmetrical use of rectus femoris(RF) and gastrocnemius medialis(GCM) during sit-to-stand (STS). Methods: Sixteen patients with stroke entered a single-blind trial and were randomly assigned to the experimental(Action) or control(Landscape) groups. Those in the Action observation group watched video clips showing specific movement and strategies to STS, wheas those in the control group watched video clips of static pictures showing differnet landscapes. All patients was measured the EMG data in the STS on the affected side and unaffected side. The EMG data were collected from RF and GCM while performing the STS task. The EMG onset time and onset time ratio for the RF and GCM were calculated by dividing the EMG onset time of RF and GCM action on the affected side by these on the unaffected side. Results: Onset time of affected side RF, GCM was significantly faster action observation training group than control group(p<.05). But interventions before and after the symmetry did not show a significant increase. Conclusion: There findings suggest that action observation training has a positive effect on the muscle onset time shortened during STS tasks.