• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2005

Genomic and phenotypic characteristics of the bacterial strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and P. syringae pv. syringae collected from several kiwifruit orchards of Korea were investigated and compared with those from Japan to elucidate their phylogenic relationships. All the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. syringae tested were sensitive to copper sulfate but Korean and Japanese strains showed quite different responses to streptomycin. Korean strains were sensitive to streptomycin, but most of the Japanese strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae were highly resistant to streptomycin. Japanese strains were also relatively more resistant to oxytetracycline than Korean strains. Plasmid profiles were not valuable to distinguish Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae frombJapanese strains. One or more indigenous plasmids with more than 15 kb in size were detected in all strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae, but the number and sizes of plasmids harbored in P. syringae pv. actinidiae were variable among the strains regardless of their geographic origins. There also observed no significant relationship among resistance levels of the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae to antibiotics, their pathogenicity and plasmid profiles. RAPD profiles were useful to analyze the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. syringae. All the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae fell into a wide cluster separated from the strains of P. syringae pv. syringae, but Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae were separated from Japanese strains. The results support that Korean and Japanese strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae may have different phylogenic origins.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2003

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains, which cause canker disease in kiwifruit, were collected from kiwifruit orchards in Korea and identified using biochemical and physiological tests. The nucleotide sequences of the 16s rDNA and 16s-23s internally transcribed spacer of the isolates were found to be Identical to those of' the pathotype strain, Kwl 1, of P syringae pv. actinidiae. Remarkably, no coding sequence for phaseolotoxin biosynthesis or phaseolotoxin- resistant ornithine carbamoyltransferase was found by PCR amplification in any of the new Korean isolates of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, although this was clearly identified in the control pathotype Kwl 1 reference strain. In contrast, three primer sets derived from the coronatine biosynthetic gene cluster and DNA from the Korean strains yielded amplified DNA fragments of the expected size. A sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed that P. syringae pv. actinidiae and the Korean strains of pv. actinidiae contain coronafncate ligase genes (cfl)with identical sequences, whereas their. corR genes exhibited 91% sequence similarity. The production of coronatine, instead of phaseolotoxin, by the Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae was confirmed by a bioassay using reference pathovars known to produce coronatine and phaseolotoxin. The genes for coronatine biosynthesis in the Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae were found to be present on plasmids.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2014

The molecular features of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated in Korea were compared with strains isolated in Japan and Italy. Sequencing of eight P. syringae pv. actinidiae and three P. syringae pv. theae strains revealed a total of 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 4,818 bp of the concatenated alignment of nine genes. A multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and for the specific detection of recent haplotype strains other than strains isolated since the 1980s in Korea. The primer pair, designated as TacF and TacR, specifically amplified a 545-bp fragment with the genomic DNA of new haplotype of P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains. A multiplex PCR conducted with the TacF/TacR primer pair and the universal primer pair for all P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains can be simultaneously applied for the detection of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and for the differentiation of new haplotype strains.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae는 참다래에 궤양병을 일으키는 원인세균이다. 이 병원균 집단은 분자적 특성에 따라 biovar 1, 2, 3로 나누어진다. 본 연구에서는 1997년부터 우리나라에서 분리되어 순천대학교 생물학과에 보관 중인 P. syringae pv. actinidiae 균주들의 biovar를 기존에 발표된 biovar에 특이적인 PCR primers를 사용하여 동정하였다. 전체 682개 균주 중 biovar 2에 속한 균주가 288개, biovar 3에 속한 균주가 394개였다. 그러나 우리나라에서 분리된 균주 중 biovar 1에 속하는 균주는 없었다. Biovar 3 균주에 의한 궤양병의 갑작스러운 발생과 확산은 이 균주가 빠른 전파력을 가지고 있음을 말해준다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.310-312
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• 2004

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae는 참다래 궤양병을 일으키는 세균이다. 식물독소인 coronatine 생합성에 관여하는 유전자 중 하나인 cfl의 염기서열로부터 설계된 primer를 사용한 nested PCR 방법을 토양시료에 적용시켰다. 이 primer 세트와 우리나라에서 분리된 P. syringae pv. actinidiae가 접종된 토양으로부터 얻은 DNA로 두 번의 PCR을 행했을 때 665 bp와 310 bp의 절편이 각각 증폭되었다. 이 시스템을 참다래 궤양병으로 폐원된 과수원의 토양조사에 적용시킨 결과 여섯 곳으로부터 채취한 토양시료 모두에서 특이적인 310 bp의 PCR 산물이 증폭되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2012

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains, the causal agents of bacterial canker on kiwifruit, were isolated from Korea and Italy in 2011. Among 87 isolates, a total of six representative strains, three from Korea and three from Italy, were identified on the basis of biochemical and physiological tests. Identities were confirmed by PCR using P. syringae pv. actinidiae-specific primers PsaF1/R2, which amplified a 280-bp DNA fragment. The strains isolated from Korea in this study displayed BOX-PCR patterns similar to those isolated from Italy but different from those isolated previously in Korea or the pathotype P. syringae pv. actinidiae strain. The effector hopA1 and hopH1 genes, which are known to be present in strains isolated recently from France and Italy, were also present in P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains, SYS1, SYS2 and SYS4, isolated from Korea in this work. However, no amplicons of the expected size were obtained from strains previously isolated from Korea and Japan. In addition, the Korean strains isolated in this work belonged to haplotype I for the cts gene identical to those strains isolated from recent outbreaks in Italy. These results suggest that P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from Korea and examined in this work are a new type of strain similar to those found from recent outbreaks in Italy. This is the first report on the occurrence of cts haplotype I strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae affecting kiwifruit plants in Korea.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.125-128
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• 1997

Reactions of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae to 95 carbon sources in a 96-well microplate (BiOLOG GN MicroPlateTM) were investigated. The bacterium used 9 carbon sources such as D-mannitol, sucrose, etc., but did not use 62 carbon sources such as $\alpha$-cyclodextrin, dextrin, etc. Based on the reactions, a user data base for identification of P. syringae pv. actinidiae was constructed in Biolog program (BiOLOG MicroLogTM 2 system). P. syringae pv. actinidiae isolates collected from kiwifruits could be identified automatically with high similarity using the user data base, which could diagnose rapidly and easily whether the tree was infected with bacterial canker or not.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.489-493
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• 2021

Bacterial canker is a devastating disease of kiwifruit caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringe pv. actinidiae. Canker disease of kiwifruit in Korea has been controlled using streptomycin for more than two decades. Four streptomycin-resistant strains, belonging to biovar 2, which are found only in Korea, were collected between 2013 and 2014 from different orchards located in Jeju, Korea. The genetic background for streptomycin resistance among P. syringe pv. actinidiae strains were determined by examining the presence of strA-strB or aadA, which are genes frequently found in streptomycin-resistant bacteria, and a point mutation at codon 43 in the rpsL gene. All four streptomycin-resistant strains of P. syringe pv. actinidiae investigated in this study contained strA-strB as a resistant determinant. The presence of the aadA gene and a mutation in codon 43 of the rpsL gene was not identified.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2020

국내에서 분리된 키위 궤양병 원인균인 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae 균주들에서 스트렙토마이신 저항성 균주가 확인되었다. 2008년부터 2017년 사이에 키위 궤양병이 발병한 111개 과수원에서 분리된 734개 균주의 스트렙토마이신 저항성을 조사하였다. 각 균주의 생존 여부는 100 ㎍/ml의 스트렙토마이신 배지에서 검정하였다. 734개 균주들 중에서 9개 과수원에서 분리된 총 38개 P. syringae pv. actinidiae 균주가 저항성을 나타내었다. Biovar 2에 속하는 저항성 균주들의 경우 몇 개의 특정년도에 발견된 반면, biovar 3에 속하는 저항성 균주들은 2016년 이후에만 발견되었다. 따라서, 키위 궤양병 방제용으로 스트렙토마이신 사용 시 주의해야 하며, 만일 사용하려면 사용 전에 항생제 감수성 테스트가 필요하다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.323-325
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• 2017

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae KKH3는 Enterobacteriaceae에 속하는 세균으로서, 키위 나무에 동고병과 같은 병을 일으키는 병원성 균주이다. 이 균주는 목본에서 분리되었으며 다양한 식물 세포벽 분해 효소를 가지고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 제공하는 유전체 정보는 KKH3 균주의 병원성 기작을 이해하는 것뿐만 아니라 bioconversion 연구를 위한 토대로 활용될 수 있다.