• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.684-691
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• 1996

Since the period of a spreading code in DS/SS communication systems is generally long, it is necessary to make the code acquisition as fast as possible. The code acquisition time can be sued as a measure to evaluate the performance of code acquisition systems. The search rate of serial search codee acquisition system used in the coventional CDMA cellular system is lower than that of the matched filter technique. In order to reduce the code acquisition time, this paper proposes hybrid code acquisition system composed filters combined with serial search blocks. In the proposed system, the matched filter sweeps possible code phases fast and the acquired phase information is verified by the serial search block. The mean and the variance of its acquisition time are calculated and compared with those of double dwell serial search system. The results indicate better performance of the proposed system by yielding its small vaues of the mean and the variance of code acquisition time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.8
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• pp.37-44
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• 1997

We implemented a code searcher which is used for the PN(pseudo noise) code acquisition in CDMA cellular mobile station. To reduce the reuired hardware and the code acquisition time, we used the double dwell structure which is an effective serial code acquisition metho. We designed a code acquisition has acquired within 1/2 PN chip range. The code searcher is implemented using 0.8 micron code searcher is successfully working in CDMA cellular mobile station and it satisfies the code acquisition time specified in IS-95 standard.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 2002

The existing method in PN code acquisition process have a problem in PN code acquisition time because PN code searching is accomplished in one epoch. In this paper, we propose algorithm that can reduce PN code acquisition time because PN code searching is accomplished in each other two epoches. The designed ASIC chip using proposed algorithm confirmed that the area (the number of gates) increase more than existing method in PN code acquisition, but the performance of PN code acquisition is better than existing method.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.151-160
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• 2015

GPS L2C signal is a recently added civil signal to L2 frequency and is constructed by time division multiplexing of civil moderate (L2-CM) and civil long (L2-CL) code signals. While the L2-CM code is 20 ms-periodic and modulates satellite navigation message, the L2-CL code is 1.5s-periodic with 767,250 chips long code sequence and carries no data. Therefore, the L2-CL code signal allows receivers to perform a very long coherent integration. However, due to the length of the L2-CL code, the acquisition of the L2-CL code signal may take too long or require too much hardware resources. In this paper, we propose a three-step ultra-fast L2-CL code acquisition (TSCLA) technique for dual band GPS receivers. In the proposed TSCLA technique, a dual band GPS receiver sequentially acquires the coarse/acquisition (C/A) code signal at L1 frequency, the L2-CM code signal, and the L2-CL code signal to minimize mean acquisition time (MAT). The theoretical performance analysis and numerous Monte Carlo simulations show the significant advantage of the proposed TSCLA technique over conventional techniques introduced in the literature.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.67-70
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• 1999

DS-CDMA is used to widely spread spectrum for a cellular mobile digital communication that maximizing users- capacity at the limited frequency bandwidth, solving technical matters with the channel. Especially, the capability of a spread spectrum receiver relied on fast code acquisition time at the demodulation. In this paper, we considered that fast code acquisition time when a spread spectrum system is designed, and existed code acquisition system set up one code epoch on a position at initial processing, but the proposed code acquisition system improved that two code epoch are set up at the same time, therefore code acquisition time is diminished in effect. The structure modeling to VHDL language. Its synthesized the synthesized and, is implemented FPGA chip

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6C
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• pp.649-655
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• 2009

Mean acquisition time (MAT) is the most important performance measure for code acquisition systems, where a shorter MAT implies a better code acquisition performance. Keshavarzian and Salehi proposed the multiple-shift (MS) algorithm for code acquisition in optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) systems. Performing two steps acquisition, the MS algorithm has a shorter MAT than that of the conventional serial-search (SS) algorithm. In this paper, we propose a rapid code acquisition algorithm for O-CDMA systems. By using an efficient combination of local signals, correlation value, and the sign of correlation value, the proposed algorithm can provide a shorter MAT compared with that of the MS algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm presents a shorter MAT than that of the MS algorithm.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.425-430
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• 2024

The public regulated restriction signals are encrypted generally with the very long period code in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) including Global positioning system (GPS). Unlike civilian navigation signals, the long period code is used for the security enhancement purpose. The navigation signals with the long period code are very difficult to acquire due to their own non-periodic characteristics. The application of Acquisition Code (AC) is required for the proper working of the long period navigation signals. In this paper, we present the design and analysis results of the navigation signal with acquisition code. Specifically, the acquisition performance and Time To First Acquisition (TTFA) are presented analytically. In the process of the navigation signal design, we include AC length, insertion pattern, code rate, and filter effects. Also, the navigation signal receiving process include the effects of Side Band Filter (SBF), doppler frequency and code phase errors. The indicators that used to evaluate navigation signal acquisition performance are the detectability and TTFA.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.8
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• pp.11-18
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• 1993

In a spread spectrum system, the bandwidth and period of spreading code is wide and long, respectively. So it is necessary to make the code acquisition time as short as possible. In particular, serial search code acquisition system requires optimum dwell time for fast acquisition. In this paper, code acquisition time is calculated by varying dwell time. Among them, minimum code acquisition time is chosen and then optimum dwell time can be obtained. Detection probability (P$_{D}$) and false alarm probability (P$_{FA}$) can be obtained by integrating chi-square pdf by numerical analysis. The results are compared with that of gaussian approximation method and then it is concluded gaussian approximation method is not suitable for obtaining optimum dwell time. Computer simulation supports theoretical results.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

A signal system for improving the code acquisition complexity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver is proposed and the receiving correlator scheme is presented accordingly. The proposed signal system is a hierarchical code type with a duplexing configuration which consists of the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) code having a good auto-correlation characteristic and the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) code for distinguishing satellites. The receiving correlator has the scheme that consists of the primary correlator for the ZC code and the secondary correlator which uses the PRN code for the primary correlation results. The simulation results of code acquisition using the receiving correlator of the proposed signal system show that the proposed signal scheme improves the complexity of GNSS receiver and has the code acquisition performance comparable to the existing GNSS signal system using Coarse/Acquisition (C/A) code.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.11B
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2010

In this paper, we proposed preamble structure and code acquisition method to improve code acquisition performance for DS-SS/TDMA packet communication systems. Proposed algorithm changes the short PN code position depending on the sub slot number. Proposed algorithm also saves position differences between short PN codes and position offsets between short PN codes and data starting position of the TDMA packet. By using the position difference table, proposed algorithm can find out exact data starting position even though some sub slots were defected. As a result of simulation, we concluded that proposed algorithm has at least 5dB gain compared to conventional method when same short PN code is used. Moreover, proposed algorithm shows same code acquisition performance only with 1/4 shortened short PN code compared to conventional method.