• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.441-443
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• 2007

A preliminary in vitro acid neutralizing capacity test of twelve traditional Ayurvedic antacids were performed in this study. Five traditional preparations of ash of conch shell, ash of oyster, ash of pearl, limestone, and ash of cowrie showed high acid neutralizing capacity similar to standard antacid combination of $Al(OH)_3\;and\;Mg(OH)_2$. Among these the ash of conch shell found the highest acid neutralizing capacity. The ash of tamarind and ash of Achyranthus aspera showed moderate acid neutralizing capacity. The acid neutralizing capacity of red ochre; ash of iron; mixture of niter, alum and ammonium chloride; saltpeter; and ash of mica found below the USP 23 limit.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2013

본 연구는 자이오머의 산성용액에서 시간에 따른 산중화능을 평가하고, 산에 노출된 자이오머의 표면변화를 관찰하기 위해서 시행되었다. 실험군으로는 수복용 자이오머인 Beautifil II와 유동성 자이오머인 Beautifil Flow F02, 대조군으로 수복용 복합레진인 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z250을 선택하였고, 원판과 가루 형태로 시편을 제작하여 pH 2.0의 염산 수용액과 혼합한 후 pH 값을 측정하였으며, 분말 형태의 자이오머는 새로운 염산 용액과 재혼합 후 pH 값을 측정하였다. 또한 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 원판형태 시편의 표면구조의 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 원판 형태의 실험에서는 수복용 자이오머만이 실험 24시간 이후 유의한 pH 값의 증가를 보였다. 반면, 분말 형태의 실험에서는 수복용, 유동성 자이오머 모두 초기부터 유의한 수준의 pH 증가가 보였으며, 수복용 자이오머가 더 높은 pH 증가를 보였다. 분말 형태의 자이오머는 새로운 염산용액에서 이전 실험에 비해 낮은 정도의 pH 증가를 보였다. 또한, 충전용 자이오머의 표면에서 레진과 유동성 자이오머에 비해 더 많은 부식성의 구조적 변화가 발생했다. 결론적으로, 자이오머는 산중화능을 가지며, 필러 함량이 높은 충전용 자이오머는 유동성 자이오머보다 더 큰 산중화능이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2012

This study examined the inhibitory effects of 4-guanidinobutyric acid (4GBA), an alkaloid, against gastric lesions by assessing the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric cancer cells. Acute and chronic gastritis were also observed using HCl/ethanol (EtOH) and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models, respectively. 4GBA inhibited the growth of H. pylori in a dose dependent manner, and showed acid-neutralizing capacity. In the pylorus ligated rats, 4GBA decreased the volume of gastric secretion and gastric acid output slightly, and increased the pH. 4GBA at a dose of 100 mg/kg reduced the size of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions (70.8%) and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions (38.8%). The antigastritic action of 4GBA might be associated with the acid-neutralizing capacity, anti-H. pylori action, and decreased volume of gastric secretion. These results suggest that 4GBA might be useful in the treatment and/or protection of gastritis.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.378-382
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• 2004

Soil pH is an important indicator for soil reactions and crop growth. pH buffer capacity and lime requirements are necessary to comprehend and manage soils well. The characteristics related with soil pH were analyzed and 5 field trials were conducted to elucidate pH buffer capacity of soil and lime requirements and liming factor for Korean acid soils. Soil minerals were analyzed for the soil of 2 years after treating $CaCO_3$ using X-ray diffraction. The amount of neutralized $H^+$ was regarded as the exchangeable aluminium overcoming ${\Delta}pH$, because pH buffer capacity of soil depended on exchangeable aluminium. Lime requirement was somewhat similar to the KCl exchangeable aluminium and it was also affected by the exchangeable cation by added lime. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that an aluminium dissociation from Korean acid soils was equilibrated with kaolin minerals and changed into anorthite ($CaAl_2Si_2O_8$) by neutralizing with $CaCO_3$. Neutralizing process was composed of changing process of $Al^{3+}$ into $H^+$ and $Al(OH)_4{^-}$ ionic species and of neutralizing $H^+$ by, the amount of which was lime requirement. The fact that anorthite dissociates an aluminium ion higher than kaolinite does enabled to consider a liming factor (LF) the content of exchangeable cation and ${\Delta}pH$, $LF=1.5+0.2{\times}{\sum} Cations{\times}{\Delta}pH$.

• 약학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 1960

Sixteen Antacid preparations in Korea were evaluated their acid-neutralizing capacity by Rossett and Rice Method in comparison with U.S.P. and K.P. method.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권3호
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• pp.342-351
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• 1997

본 연구는 산성우의 영향을 받는 산림에서 4개 수종별 수관통과류, 수간류, 토양을 채취하여 pH 변화와 양료함량을 비교함으로써 산성우에 대한 수종별 중화능력과 완충능력을 측정하여 중화능력이 우수한 수종을 선발하는데 있다. 경기도 반월공단으로부터 15km 떨어진 산림환경연구소 반월시험림을 대상으로 약 30년생 리기다소나무, 물오리나무, 신갈나무, 튤립나무림에서 1996년 5월부터 9월까지 매 강우시 발생되는 강우, 수관통과류, 수간류를 채취하여 pH, Ca, K, Na, Mg의 농도를 측정하였고, 5월, 7월, 9월에 각각 채취된 잎의 내부 pH, 중화능력(ENC), 완충능력(BCI)을 측정하였다. 또한 공시목의 수간기저부로부터 10, 100, 200cm 떨어진 거리에서 토양 시료를 채취한 후 pH와 양료함량을 측정하였다. 본 시험 유역에서 시험기간 동안 강우의 평균 pH는 4.56이었으며, pH 5.6이하의 산성우의 비율이 74%를 차지하였으며, 토양 pH는 평균 4.15이었다. 수관통과류의 pH는 모든 수종에서 강우보다 높았으며, 수간류의 pH는 리기다소나무(pH 3.73)를 제외한 모든 수종에서 강우보다 높았고, 특히 튤립나무가 가장 놓은 pH 5.38을 나타냈다. 수관통과류의 pH는 강우의 pH와 정의 상관이 매우 높았으나 수간류의 pH는 강우의 pH와는 상관이 없었다. 강우에 가장 많이 함유된 이온은 Ca이었으며, 수관통과류와 수간류의 이온 함량은 모두 K>Na>Ca>Mg의 순으로 나타났다. 수간류에서의 양료 함량은 튤립나무에서 가장 높았고 리가다소나무에서 가장 낮았다. 강우의 pH가 낮아지면 지상부에서 양료의 용탈이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 수간류의 pH는 잎의 중화능력과 완충능력이 높을수록 증가하여 매우 높은 상관을 보였다. 잎에서의 중화능력과 완충능력은 튤립나무에서 가장 높았고(ENC : 9.03, BCI : $655.3{\mu}eq.H^-/g$), 리기다소나무에서 가장 낮았다(ENC : -4.95, BCI : $57.8{\mu}eq.H^-/g$). 수종별 토양에서의 pH와 양료 농도는 수간류의 경우와 유사하였으며 튤립나무에서 가장 높았고 리기다소나무에서 가장 낮았다. 이러한 경향은 수간으로 부터 100cm 거리까지 나타나 수간류가 토양의 특성에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주었다. 결론적으로 강우의 특성은 수관을 통과하거나 수간을 따라 흘러내리면서 수목의 중화작용과 완충작용에 의해 변화되는데 수종에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 특히 산성우에 대한 중화능력과 완충능력이 우수한 수종인 튤립나무의 수간류는 pH와 양료의 농도가 높아 토양의 산성화를 지연 또는 조절할 수 있으나, 리기다소나무와 같이 능력이 낮은 수종은 토양의 산성화를 가속화 시킬 것으로 생각된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2007

Scutellaria Radix, the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae), has been used in oriental traditional medicine for treatment of fever urine disorder, diarrhea, inflammation. Present study was carried out for the gastroprotective effect of chrysin, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis. This reports evaluated antioxidant effect, antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori and HCI-ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats and showed the significant effectiveness. It may be regarded that the antigastritic effects and antibacterial activity of baicalin, baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis are originated from acid-neutralizing capacity, free radical scavenging effects and the antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2008

A new crosslinked, poly(acrylic acid)-based, dehydrating agent was synthesized through solution polymerization. The Taguchi method, a robust experimental design, was adopted to optimize the synthetic conditions based on the moisture and water absorbing capacities of the dehydrating agent. The method applied for the experiment was a standard L27 ($3^8$) orthogonal array with eight parameters and three levels. By analyzing the variance of the test results, the most effective parameters to control the moisture absorbing capacity (MAC) and its rate were the kind of alkaline base (LiOH, NaOH, or KOH) used as a neutralizing agent of the acrylic acid monomer and the degree of neutralization: The maximum MAC of 40% was achieved at only 2 hat $32^{\circ}C$ and 50% RH when KOH was used as a base and the degree of neutralization was 90%, respectively. However, the water absorbing capacity (WAC) of the resulting dehydrating agent was very low at 158 g/g, indicating that WAC is unaffected by MAC and its rate in this system. The surface morphologies of the agents were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.523-530
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• 1998

Precipitation samples were collected at sixteen sites in Northeast Asia from June 1995 to February 1997, and were analysed for the anions $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$and $Cl^-$ and for the cartons $Na^+, NH_4^+, K^+, Mg^{2+} and $Ca^{2+}$in addition to pH and conductivity measurements. The quality assurance of chemical composition data was checked by considering the ion balance evaluating by 1 h 1 value and the conductilfty balance. The sum of cation concentrations were slightty greater than the sum of anion concentraions. For the anions, $SO_4^{2-}$ clearly dominates in most of sampling states whereas $Cl^-$ is more abundant in coast and rural sites In. Tapan. For the cations. $Ca^{2+}$ and $NH_4^+$ are generally the more abundant tons except when sources of Na+ exist. The contribution rate of nss-$SO_4^2-and NO_3^-$ to acidity are about 70% and 10-30%. respectively. The neutralizing capacity by a major neutralizing cations such as $NH_4^+$ and nuts -$SO_4^2$. are above 98%(heavy polluted and urban sites in China), above 70%(urban sites in Japi,n and in Korea, coast sites In Chinas and above 60%(rural sites in Japan and in Korea), respectively.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.142-152
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• 2014

In this study, generic characteristics of the acid mine drainage (AMD), removal efficiency of iron, aluminium and manganese by chemical treatment, electrolysis and hybrid process using electrolysis after neutralization were evaluated. The pH of AMD was inversely proportional to the rainfall. In dry-season, the average pH of AMD was ranged from 4.5 to 5.5, showing slight variation. However, the pH of AMD was gradually decreased along with rainfall and dropped to 3.02 in September showing the greatest rainfall. Removal efficiency of heavy metals by chemical treatments using three different neutralizing agents or by electrolysis was low. However, a hybrid process performed with electrolysis after addition of neutralization shows higher removal capacity for heavy metal ions than neutralization-alone and electrolysisalone process.