• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

Silk/cotton fabrics were treated with butanetetracarboxylic acid(BTCA) under various treating conditions such as concentration, treated time and curing temperatures. Bending property, tensile strength, wrinkle recovery angle, and shrinkage were measured. The BTCA concentration in the saponfication mixture was measured by an isocratic HPLC equipped with the strong cationic exchange column Aminex HPX-87-H and a UV detector. The detected concentration of BTCA was shown in silk side much more than that of cotton side. The bending and shrinkage properties were improved at minimum curing condition and the lower concentration of BTCA. Tensile strength decreased with increasing concentration of BTCA, curing temperature and treated time, while wrinkle recovery angle increased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.20-26
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• 1998

100％ viscose rayon fabric was treated with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) by pad-dry-cure process in the presence of various catalysts. The dimensional stability, mechanical properties and hand values of fabric treated with BTCA were investigated. The ester-crosslinking reaction was influenced by the concentration of BTCA and type of catalyst. The fabric treated with BTCA was comparable or superior to that treated with conventional crosslinking agents such as dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone in respect of wrinkle recovery, shrinkproof property, retention of strength, and hand values. But in yellowing of fabric, the fabric treated with BTCA was inferior to that treated with conventional crosslinking agents. The fabric treated with BTCA/sodium formate was inferior to that treated with BTCA/sodium hypophosphite in respect of WRA, but had better strength retention and whiteness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2000

Three kinds of treeing inhibitors are added to investigate the effect on electrical properties of XLPE. The treeing inhibitors are barbituric acid, 4- (4-Nitrophenylazo) resorcinol and 4- (4-Nitrophenylazo) naphthol. Added amount of each treeing inhibitors varied form 0phr to 2.0phr. In order to know the changes of electrical properties, break down strength, tan$\delta$, and $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ were measured. Experimental results showed that electrical properties of each sample was slightly changed by amount of additives.s.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.631-634
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• 2005

This paper discussed the influence of addition of aqueous additives such as various beverage and detergent on the properties of concrete during placement by workmen's mistake. Slump and air content were not highly affected by the addition of aqueous additives, while addition of detergent led to an remarkable increase in air content due to interfacial activated ingredient in detergent. For setting time, lactic-acid fermented milk exhibited a longest setting delay and in order of coffee and soda. Concrete containing setting retarding beverage had higher compressive strength than control concrete at 7 and 28days. Concrete containing detergent exhibited strength loss due to the presence of larger amount of air content.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.678-684
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• 1994

The surface of alumina is capable of acquiring a change when it is in an aqueous solution. This surface change will have a strong influence on the surrounding ions, particularly those of opposite change known as the counter ions. A site-binding model of the {{{{ gamma }}-alumina/KCl(aq) interface was used to calculated theoretical surface ionization constants and P.Z.C.(Point of zero change) of {{{{ gamma }}-alumina. This paper was carried out to investigate the effect of calcination temperature on the acidic and electrical properties of pure {{{{ gamma }}-alumina prepared by the precipitation method from the Al(NO3)3.9H2O and NH4OH. From the experimental data it was shown that {{{{ gamma }}-alumina have a mainly Br nsted acid site. However, the acidity of {{{{ gamma }}-alumina decreased with increasing calcination temperature at strength Ho +9.3. The surface charge density of {{{{ gamma }}-alumina was increased with electrolyte ionic strength and calcination temperature.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 1991

Wool gabardines were treated with alkaline proteases, and their tensile strerigth and dyeing behavior were obtained. Enzylon ASA 30 and Alcalase 2.5L DX did not show much effect on the weight loss of wool, but Esperase 8.0L decreased the weight of wool to a great extent. Pretreatment of wool with dichloroisocyarturic acid before protease-treatment increased the weight loss of wool considerably. Weight loss was accompanied by serious strength decrease and the use of sodium sulfate in the protease-treatment had not effect on the strength retention, only lowering the weight loss of wool. Protease-treatment of wool increased dyeability considerably, which may be due to the change in the inner structure of wool fiber by protease.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.4-14
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• 1994

The effects of Ce on the mechanical alloying behavior and the thermal stability of Al-8wt.%Fe were investigated. The steady states of Al-8wt.%Fe and Al-8wt.%Fe-4wt.%Ce powders with 1.5 wt.% stearic acid as a process control agent were reached after mechanical alloying for 1000 minuties and 1300 minuties respectively at the conditions of the impeller revolving velocity of 300 rpm and the ball to powder input ratio of 50 : 1. The hardness of Al-8wt.%Fe specimen hot extruded and isothermally aged at various temperatures for up to 1000 hours decreased rapidly at 50$0^{\circ}C$ and its high temperature ultimate tensile strength began to decrease at 40$0^{\circ}C$ with increasing aging time. The decrease in the hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the specimen were reduced substantially by addition of Ce. It was thought to be due to the formation of thermally stable A14Ce and All3Fe3Ce intermetallic compounds.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 2008

Wool fabric was treated with oxygen low-temperature plasma (LTP) and dichloroisocyanuric acid. The effect of dimensional stability (relaxation shrinkage, hygral expansion, felting shrinkage), tensile strength and elongation, crease recovery, and hand of wool fabric between LTP, DCCA treated wool fabrics and control wool fabric were investigated. SEM photograph showed that a little micro crack was formed on the fiber surface by plasma treatment with hard condition and epicuticle scale was damaged by DCCA treatment. Felting shrinkage, tensile strength and total hand value were much different in each samples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2005

This study investigates influence on concrete adding beverage or detergent, by work man's mistakes during concrete placement in field. Overall, concrete adding beverage or detergent does not affect slump and air content, compared with control concrete. However concrete adding detergent resulted in significantly higher air content, due to inter facial activation ingredient. For the properties of setting time, concrete adding lactic acid beverage indicated the longest retarding properties, next was coffee and soft drink in order. Compressive strength of concrete, which retarded setting time. exhibited slightly improved value at 7 and 28 days respectively, while that of concrete adding detergent significantly decreased, due to higher air content.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.241-244
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• 2006

In this paper, the effect of cellulase treatment was evaluated by means of phenol-sulphuric acid method. This method was performed by determining sugar liberation in the treatment bath with the amount expressed in glucose equivalent. As compared with conventional method, the measurement of amount of sugar liberated gave a more reliable and accurate result than the weight loss method. It was found that although the weight loss of cellulose became negligible when the treatment was done under agitation-free condition, the amount of sugar liberated was still readily measurable.