• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2006

This research analyzed the contents of ascorbic acid according to cultivating season, regions and cooking method. The ascorbic acid content was steadily increased from 40.08 mg per 100 g on the 5th days after blooming to 90 mg on the 30th day, an increase of 2.25-fold. The ascorbic acid content of the peppers was highest for (C) region at 100.9 mg per 100 g, followed by (B) region at 90 mg and (A), region at 23.35 mg. it increased by ascending downward from the stem. If examining species' and regional ascorbic acid change of marketing peppers, it was contained in flesh most and placenta, seed in order in four species. The ascorbic acid content of the peppers was affected by the cooking method and decreased greatly in the order of blank>microwave>$saut{\acute{e}}ing$> boiling> steaming.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.404-408
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• 2006

Feasibility of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method to evaluate soybean frying oil quality was evaluated. Free fatty acid value, p-anisidine value, conjugated dienoic acid content, conjugated trienoic acid content, peroxide value, iodine value, total polar compound (TPC), ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid, refractive index, dielectric constant, smoking point, and L, a, and b of Hunter color system were selected as parameters related to conventional evaluation of soybean frying oil quality. SPR scale mapped with conventional quality parameters well described free fatty acid value, conjugated dienoic acid content, dielectric constant, TPC, and b of Hunter color system, as shown by correlation and linear regression analyses.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.723-733
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• 2016

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merill] are a rich source of antioxidants and other phytonutrients. Soybean sprouts contain many biologically active secondary metabolites and are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In the present study, two soybean cultivars, Hosim, with high oleic acid (- 80% in total seed oil), and Pungsannamul, with normal oleic acid (- 23%) in seed, were examined for changes in the content of crude protein, crude oil, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) during the sprouting duration of 5 days. The protein content in both the varieties was found to increase by the days of sprouting. The crude oil content of Pungsannamul sprouts was found to be maximum on day 1 (16.9%, w/w) and decreased thereafter to reach to the level of 14.8% on day 5. No significant differences in the crude oil content of Hosim sprouts from day 1 to 5 were observed. Flavonoid content was found to increase up to day 4 and then dropped on day 5, in both the cultivars. Total polyphenol content showed a tendency to increase up to day 3 and started to decrease significantly from day 4. DPPH activity was found to increase up to day 5 in both the varieties. All the components studied in the high oleic acid soybean sprouts showed a change in content during the sprouting process similar to the change that would occur in normal oleic acid soybeans. The study showed that the contents of antioxidant, flavonoid, and polyphenol significantly increase during the sprouting.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.637-645
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• 2016

본 연구는 재래누룩의 누룩곰팡이를 접종한 쌀누룩을 이용하여 담금방법을 달리한 청주를 제조한 후 발효 및 품질특성을 연구하는데 있다. 발효제 투입비율, 양조용수 비율, 발효온도, 원료쌀의 도정비율을 달리한 청주 술덧을 제조하여 30-50일간 발효시켰다. 쌀누룩을 발효제로 하여 총 원료 대비 투입비율이 15%일 때 알코올 발효속도가 느렸으나 최종 알코올 함량은 17%(v/v)로 다른 시료와 마찬가지로 동일하게 나타났다. 또한 누룩투입비율이 높을수록 청주의 총유기산이 많이 생성되었고 그중 구연산, 주석산, 사과산은 많이, 호박산은 적게 생성되었다. 한편 양조용수비율이 낮을때 불완전발효가 일어났으며, 알코올 함량은 모든 시료가 17%(v/v)로 유사하였다. 양조용수 비율이 높을수록 청주의 총 유기산은 적게 검출되었으며 구연산과 주석산은 적게, 호박산은 많이 나타났다. 발효온도가 저온일수록 발효초반의 당화와 발효속도는 늦었으나 지속적인 발효가 진행되어 $10^{\circ}C$의 경우 최종 알코올 함량은 18.1%로 가장 높았다. 저온일수록 n-propanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol 등의 고급알코올과 총 유기산이 적게 생성되었으며, 이때 구연산과 사과산은 많이, 호박산은 적게 생성되었다. 도정도가 높을수록 알코올함량, 총 유기산과 고급알코올이 적게 생성되었으며, 특히 10%도정미 사용시 도정도 20% 이상의 다른 시료들에 비해 현저히 많이 생성되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.950-956
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• 2017

Objective: Effects of newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation and chemical composition of fresh rice straw silage was evaluated in this study. Methods: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from good crop silage were screened by growing them in MRS broth and a minimal medium with low carbohydrate content. Selected LAB (LAB 1821) were Gram-positive, rods, catalase negative, and were identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum based on their biochemical characteristics and a 16S rRNA analysis. Fresh rice straw was ensiled with two isolated LAB (1821 and 1841), two commercial inoculants (HM/F and P1132) and no additive as a control. Results: After 2 months of storage at ambient temperature, rice straw silages treated with additives were well-preserved, the pH values and butyric and acetic acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content and lactic/acetic acid ratio were higher than those in the control (p<0.05). Acidity (pH) was lowest, and lactic acid highest, in 1821-treated silage (p<0.05). The $NH_3-N$ content decreased significantly in inoculant-treated silage (p<0.05) and the $NH_3-N$ content in 1821-treated silage was lowest among the treatments. The dry matter (DM) content of the control silage was lower than that of fresh rice straw (p<0.05), while that of the 1841- and p1174-inoculant-treated silages was significantly higher than that of HM/F-treated silage. Microbial additives did not have any significant (p>0.05) effect on acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber contents. Crude protein (CP) content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) increased after inoculation of LAB 1821 (p<0.05). Conclusion: LAB 1821 increased the CP, IVDMD, lactic acid content and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid in rice straw silage and decreased the pH, acetic acid, $NH_3-N$, and butyric acid contents. Therefore, adding LAB 1821 improved the fermentation quality and feed value of rice straw silage.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1058-1067
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• 2000

In this study, eel, puffer and snake head fish, which are widely taken and highly valued for processing into baked fish, soup or fish juice were studied by classifying them into wild fish and cultured fish, and evaluated in terms of taste. The samples were gathered in the area including Kimhae, Samchonpo and Haman in Kyungsangnam-do, Kangsu-Gu in Pusan and Bukcheju-Gun in Cheju-do. Proximate compositions, the content of nucleotides and their related compounds, total and free amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids of the fishes were analysed. Generally, as for the compositions, wild fish had a higher crude fat content and a lower moisture content as compared with cultured fish, while there was no great difference between them in terms of crude protein and ash contents. Nucleotides and their related compounds including ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, HxR, Hx were detected, and the amounts of which were nearly the same with respect to the growth conditions. IMP content was high in all of the samples, while ATP content was extremely low. Total 17 amino acids were detected from the samples, and most of the samples had high contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, glycine, alanine and arginine, and low contents of cystein, isoleucine and methionine. As for the other amino acids, generally same level of contents were detected for each samples. In cases of eel and snake head fish, the wild fish had higher total amino acid contents in comparison with cultured fish. And the result to the contrary was obtained for the case of puffer. Sample fishes had nearly the same compose distribution of free amino acid though the contents of which were a little different according to the samples. Each sample had high contents of taurine, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, glycine, cystathionine, ${\beta}-aminoisobutyric$ acid and lysine. Total organic acid contents of cultured fish was higher than that of wild fish. All fishes commonly had high contents of lactic acid, iso-valeric acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid. High levels of $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1(cis)},\;C_{18:3},\;and\;C_{22:6}$ were shown in all of the samples and ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acid content of cultured fish was higher than that of wild fish, and as for the essential fatty acid, wild fish has higher content in comparison with cultured fish.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.595-600
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 고추장의 저장 중 이화학적 및 관능적 변화를 통해 효과적인 항갈색화제, 유기산을 선별하며 유통기간 연장에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 항갈색화제 0.5% ascorbic acid일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있었기에 ascorbic acid를 갈변 억제제로 선정했다 또한, 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 0.03% ascorbic acid일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있어, 갈변 억제제로 선정했다. 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 유기산 0.5% citric acid 일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있었기에 citric acid를 갈변 억제제로 선정했다. 또한, 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 0.03% ascorbic acid에 0.06% citric acid일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있어, 효과적인 갈변억제 농도로 선정했다. 0.03% ascorbic acid와 0.06% citric acid를 첨가한 고추장 유통기간을 알아보기 위하여 고추장의 아미노태 질소, pH, 적정산도 및 표면색도 등을 실험한 결과에서 아미노태 질소가 관능적 변화와 상관관계(r=-0.8987)가 높았기에, 고추장의 유통기간 설정 하는 품질특성으로 삼았다. 저 장기간에 따른 아미노태 질소값의 변화율은 1차 반응식으로 해석되었으며, 0.03% ascorbic acid와 0.06% citric acid 첨가물이 유통기간 예측에서 고추장 대조구 보다 45$^{\circ}C$일 때 69%, 55$^{\circ}C$일 때 56% 연장 할 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 1985

Erucic acid 함량(含量)에 따른 유채종자(油菜種子)의 품종간(品種間)의 각종(各種) 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性) 및 지질구성(脂質構成) 성분(成分)을 알아보기 위하여 목포 70, 목포단교 12 및 14등(等)의 개량종자(改良種子)로써 chloroform-methanol(2 :1, v/v)로 조지질(粗脂質)을 추출(抽出)한후 column chromatography와 TLC에서 지질조성(脂質組成)을 GLC에 의해 총지질(總脂質) 및 중성지질(中性脂質)에서 지방산(脂肪酸)의 조성(組成)을 비교(比較) 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1.유채종자중(油菜種子中)의 조지방함량(粗脂肪含量)은 $44.0%{\sim}45.3%$였다. 2. 유채유(油菜油)의 요오드가(價)는 $100.3{\sim}101.3$, 참화가는 $176.0{\sim}184.0$, 그리고 산가(酸價)는 $0.7{\sim}0.9$이었으며, 품종간(品種間) 차이(差異)는 별로 없었다. 3. 유채유(油菜油)의 지질(脂質)은 중성지질(中性脂質)이 $95.3%{\sim}96.3%$인 반면에 복합지질(複合脂質)은 $3.7%{\sim}4.7%$에 불과하였다. 4. 유채유(油菜油)의 총지방질중(總脂肪質中) 중성지질중(中性胎質中)에는 triglyceride가 $92.1%{\sim}92.5%$로 가장 많았고 diglyceride와 sterol esters이 각각(各各) $1.1%{\sim}1.2%$와 $1.0%{\sim}1.1%$로 그 다음이었고 free fatty acid와 free sterol은 약간씩 함유(含有)되어 있으며 monoglyceride는 거의 함유(含有)되어 있지 않았다. 5. 유채유(油菜油)의 전체지방산(全體脂肪酸) 조성중(組成中) erucic acid는 목포단교 12가 26.4%로 높은 함량(含量)을 보였으며 목포 70은 1.0% 그리고 목포단교 14는 3.9%로 매우 낮았으며 한편oleic acid 함량(含量)이 증가(增加) 함에 따라 erucic acid 함량(含量)이 감소(減少)하였다. 즉 목포단교 12는 oleic acid가 30%에 비(比)하여 목포 70은 63.1% 그리고 목포단교 14는 59.5%로서 2배(倍) 이상(以上)이었으며 linoleic acid 및 linolenic acid는 큰 차이(差異)는 없으나 erucic acid를 다량함유(多量含有)하고 있는 목포단교 12는 다른 두 품종(品種)에 비(比)하여 장쇄지방산에 속하는 eicoseuoic acid가 11.7%로 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 그리고 3품종(品種) 모두 중성지질(中性脂質) 획분(劃分)의 지질(脂質)은 전체지방산(全體脂肪酸) 조성(組成)의 비(比)와 별다른 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1984

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 보리를 생육(生育) 단계별(段階別)로 예취(刈取)하여 formic acid를 $0.2%{\sim}0.6%$ 까지 3개 수준(水準)으로 첨가(添加)하고 또 예건(豫乾)하였을 때 silage의 품질(品質)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하고져 원료(原料)의 일반성분(一般成分), 식물세포구성물(植物細胞構成物)을 분석(分析)하였다. 또한 silage의 품질(品質)을 평가(評價)하기 위하여 제조(製造)하여 약(約) 60일후에 pH 및 유기산(有機酸) 함량(含量)을 분석(分析)한 결과로 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보리의 일반성분(一般成分) 함량(含量)은 생육(生育)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 수분(水分), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 조지방함량(粗脂肪含量)은 감소하고 조섬유(組纖維), NFE함량(含量)은 증가(增加)하였다. 수용성탄수화물함량(水溶性炭水化物含量)은 유숙기(乳熟期)가 12.7%로 가장 많았으며 생육(生育)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 감소하였다. 2. silage의 조단백질함량(粗資白質含量)은 formic acid를 첨가(添加)하므로서 효과가 높았으며 예건(豫乾)도 좋았다. ADF와 NDF함량(含量)은 생육(生育)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 증가(增加)하고 formic acid의 첨가량(添加量)이 증가(增加)할수록 ADF는 감소하였다. 3. pH는 생육(生育)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 약간 증가하는 경향이며 formic acid의 첨가수준(添加水準)이 높아짐에 따라 pH는 약간 낮아졌다. 유산함량(乳酸含量)은 유숙기(乳熟期)가 가장 많으며 0.6%의 formic acid를 첨가(添加)하므로서 효과가 높은 결과(結果)를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 보면 보리는 출수기(出穗期)부터 유숙기(乳熟期)에 예취(刈取)하는 것이 좋으며 formic acid를 첨가(添加)하는 경우에는 $0.4%{\sim}0.6%$를 첨가(添加)하므로서 양질(良質)의 silage를 생산(生産)할 수 있다고 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1989

Field experiment was conducted to find out the chemical characteristics of 12 Korean local varities, Local varities were compared with oriental, flue-cured and burley tobacco. Among tested varities, Hyangcho and Matskawa were desirable in respect of flavor, leaf color and texture. Hyangcho and Matskawa were higher in the content of nicotine and petroleum ether extract. Gajacho, Byeolcho and Kukjuo were higher in the content of reducing sugar, but lower nicotine, total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract. The nicotine and total nitrogen content of Kwangcho, Daruma and Catterton were lower than that of Br. 21. In the content of volatile organic acid which were major characteristic component of oriental tobacco, the Korean local varities were lower in the content of 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl pentanoic acid, but hirities, Hyangcho, Matskawa and Daruma were higher in the content of volatile organic acid. Korean local varities, especially small leaf group, were higher in the content of benzyl alcohol and furfural than any other type tobacco.