• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1007-1019
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of achromatic shirt and chromatic tie combination on image of menswear. This experiment was designed by shirt color(N9, N7, N4, N2), tie color(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple), tie tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 96 upper body photographs and 26 7-point bi-polar adjectives were used to evaluate the image. The subjects of this research were 480 male and 480 female college students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 4 image factor: potency, activity, attractiveness, and visibility. Shirt color, tie color, tie tone influenced on the 4 image dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. Dull or dark tone tie had an effect on the formation of potency image. And white color shirt, vivid or light tone tie had an effect on the formation of activity image. White or black shirt had a positive effect on attractiveness, and black shirt or vivid tone tie was effective for visible image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.715-726
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual sensibility of color combination for clothing. The color combination for clothing were divided into three types according to the color coordination. In each type, the stimulus was applied three combination method according to the chromatic color/chromatic color, the chromatic color/achromatic color, the achromatic color/achromatic color. As a result, 42 color combination for clothing were obtained. The survey has been done for the 42 color combination for clothing with 27 semantic differential hi-polar scales. The major findings of this research were as follows. 1. To explain the hierarchy of visual sensibility, two sensibility groups were classified, the first group being cute and bold sensibility and the second group being comfortable and soft sensibility. 2. As result of the factor analysis, 4 factors(attractiveness, cuteness, boldness, softness) were found to be constructing factors for visual sensibility of color combination for clothing. 3. To explain the hierarchy of visual sensibility, two sensibility groups were classified, the first group being cute and bold sensibility and the second group being comfortable and sort sensibility.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2006

We propose optical configurations of a double-cellgap liquid crystal cell for transflective displays with wide viewing angle and high contrast ratio. The reflective part is designed in the wide-band quarter wave structure to achieve good dark state. For the transmissive part, the compensation method is applied to achieve the super-achromatic dark state, and three switching methods are used : which are vertical switching, horizontal switching to $30^{\circ}$and horizontal switching to $120^{\circ}$, to achieve the bright state.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

We propose a new graphical method for selecting a pair of optical and housing materials to simultaneously athermalize and achromatize an LWIR optical system. To have a much better opportunity to select the IR glasses and housing materials, an athermal glass map is expanded by introducing the DOE with negative chromatic power. Additionally, from the depth of focus in an LWIR optical system, the tolerable housing boundary is provided to realize an athermal and achromatic system even for not readily available housing material. Thus, we can effectively determine a pair of optical and housing materials by reducing the thermal shift to be less than the depth of focus. By applying this method to design a night vision camera lens, the chromatic and thermal defocuses are reduced to less than the depth of focus, over the specified waveband and temperature ranges.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.531-536
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• 2015

This paper presents a new graphical method for selecting a pair of optical glass and housing materials to simultaneously achromatize and athermalize a multilens system composed of many elements. To take into account the lens spacing and housing, we quantify the lens power, chromatic power, and thermal power by weighting the ratio of the paraxial ray height at each lens to them. In addition, we introduce the equivalent single lens and the expanded athermal glass map including a housing material. Even though a lens system is composed of many elements, we can simply identify a pair of glass and housing materials that satisfies the athermal and achromatic conditions. Applying this method to design a black box camera lens equipped with a 1/4-inch image sensor having a pixel width of $2{\mu}m$, the chromatic and thermal defocusings are reduced to less than the depth of focus, over the specified ranges in temperature and frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.820-828
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• 1999

This study suggests the accurate method to calculate dominant wavelength and excitation purity which are used for analyzing color of glass product. Instead of ruler and magnified chromatricity diagram by using the slope of lines by tristimulus measured and achromatic timulus and by monochromatiic stimulus and achromatic stimulus calculating method of dominant wavelength and excitation purity was acquired with the relation between them. When it was applied to products the obtained results were more accurate than those from existing methods.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2005

Through the formative analysis of the traditional jokakbo, we have composed surface composition that was made by a perfect square, triangle, a weather vane type, vertical type, cint$\tilde{a}$mani type, and a mixed rectangular. And we have composed that was made by vivid tone, pale tone, and so on, and finally analyzed image, preference rate of them. First, the cause of composition for the image of stimulant was composed by the cause of simplicity characteristics, interesting characteristics, rigid-flexibility characteristics, and modern characteristics. Secondly, the image of clothes was revealed as a simple image of perfect square, a feminine image of cint$\tilde{a}$mani type, a modern image of mixed rectangular in the case of large pattern. And in the case of small pattern, perfect square was revealed as a simple image, cint$\tilde{a}$mani type was revealed as a feminine image, triangle with achromatic colored weather vane type and pale tone was revealed as an interesting image, achromatic colored and pale toned a weather vane type, vivid toned vertical type was revealed as a modern image. Lastly, it revealed that the preference rate against clothes is related with the cause of simplicity characteristics, interesting characteristics, and rigid-flexibility characteristics in the case of large patterns, and especially in the case of large patterns and small patterns, the clothes of pale tone are more preferred. And achromatic colored mixed rectangular and chromatic colored cint$\tilde{a}$mani type are more preferred by the large patterns, and chromatic colored and pale toned weather vane type is more preferred by the small patterns.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.86-99
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze women apparel's colors in the Seoul, Beijing, and Tokyo collections and examine the color characteristics of three collections through comparison with trend colors suggested by Carlin, a color forecasting group. A literature review and an empirical study were used for methodology. The literature review examined the status and characteristics of the three collections, a fashion color forecast, and F/W 2014-15 trend colors by Carlin based on previous researches and literature data on fashion color. The empirical study extracted and analyzed 2014-15 F/W women's ready-to-wear collections in Seoul, Tokyo, and Beijing and compared the result with trend colors by Carlin. First, the colors of women's apparel were analyzed in the Seoul, Beijing, and Tokyo collections. All three collections commonly used achromatic colors and the percentage of Bk, Gy, Wh, R, and B colors was high. All three collections used achromatic colors frequently for the main color and sub colors. For accent colors, while the application of achromatic colors was high in the Seoul collection, the application of chromatic colors was high in the Tokyo and Beijing collections. Second, women's apparel colors in the Seoul, Beijing, and Tokyo collections were compared with trend colors suggested by Carlin. All three collections highly reflected Bk, Wh, and R (Carlin's forecasting color of 'Splendor') and B (forecasting color of 'Boreal'). However, the reflection of metallic colors suggested as a keyword of 'Brave New World' and Pk color of 'Sensitive' and 'Boreal' were a bit low.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.3 s.68
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• pp.496-509
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of a chromatic Korean jacket and an achromatic Korean skirt on the visual image of a traditional Korean dress wearer. This experiment was designed to the 3 factors which were composed of 3 colors(red, yellow, green), 4 jacket tones(vivid, light, dull, dark), and 4 skirt colors(N9, N7, N4, N2). The 288 students in Gyeongsang National University assessed the 48 stimuli which wear variously incorporated with colors and tones by a semantic differential scale of 7-point: The results of the study were as follows. Image factors of stimuli are youth and activity, gracefulness, visibility, and tenderness. Among these, youth and activity factors, and gracefulness factors proved to be important. The colors and tones of a jacket and a skirt used in this experiment showed that the colors and tone had an effect on dimension of 4 images by interacting of two valuables or working independently. While a yellow jacket with vivid and a white(N9) skirt had a significant effect on youth and activity factors, a red jacket and a dark- gray(N4), -black(N2) skirt were evaluated as a graceful image. In the red jacket case, a visible factor was considerably different according to skirt tones. Only jacket tones worked as a striking clue in a tenderness factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.34-47
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• 2008

Recently, as popular interest in costumes in Korean films and TV dramas has increased, traditional dress in works has re-evaluated with modern perspective of the Western color system. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the traditional dress for women appeared in works after the 2000s has shown features similar in the use of red has appeared high. The high frequency of brown and pink, orange and purple used main colors in Western works. Also, what is the most prominent is the high frequency of use of achromatic colors. Second, the color harmonies of the East and the West have been done through color arrangement. The structure with more than 2-colors has been gradually changing into single or 2-colors, which give simple images to people. Third, in order to portray characters' diverse and psychological situations, Korean works have expressed the symbolisms of colors from the Western perspective. Though red symbolizes theory of Yin-Yang and Five-Elements, passion and authority since 2000 have used red to make main images. Also, pink is used as softness and pure images. Though works before the 2000s showed low frequency of the brown. The achromatic color that it has been applied to various parts. Recently black has been developing into a color symbolizing themes. Given the results from this study, it could be expected in future that the categories of color domains will be gradually extended as it is a trend for the traditional dress to escape from primary colors. On the other hand, achromatic colors that minimal and modern sensibility as well as basic color in fashion, especially the black, will increasingly extend ranges of utility or show a tendency of resolute changes.