• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.691-699
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• 2019

Objective : Lumbar discectomy is an effective treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH); however, up to 2-18% of patients with LDH have experienced recurrent disc herniation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel annular closure device (ACD) for preventing LDH recurrence and re-operation compared with that of conventional lumbar discectomy (CLD). Methods : In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we compared CLD with discectomy utilizing the $Barricaid^{(R)}$ (Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA) ACD. Primary radiologic outcomes included disc height, percentage of preoperative disc height maintained, and re-herniation rates. Additional clinical outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) quality of life scores. Outcomes were measured at preoperation and at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperation. Results : Sixty patients (30 CLD, 30 ACD) were enrolled in this study. At 24-month follow-up, the disc height in the ACD group was significantly greater than that in the CLD group ($11.4{\pm}1.5$ vs. $10.2{\pm}1.2mm$, p=0.006). Re-herniation occurred in one patient in the ACD group versus six patients in the CLD group (${\chi}^2=4.04$, p=0.044). Back and leg VAS scores, ODI scores, and SF-12 scores improved significantly in both groups compared with preoperative scores in the first 7 days following surgery and remained at significantly improved levels at a 24-month follow-up. However, no statistical difference was found between the two groups. Conclusion : Lumbar discectomy with the $Barricaid^{(R)}$ (Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc.) ACD is more effective at maintaining disc height and preventing re-herniation compared with conventional discectomy. Our results suggest that adoption of ACD in lumbar discectomy can help improve the treatment outcome.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

Objectives In the theory of Korean medicine, rice straw (RS) has been used effectively as treatments for dyspepsia, diarrhea, enteritis, inflammatory epigastric diseases and various dermatitis. However, the theory has not been studied intensively yet about anti-inflammatory effects for human. This study was to investigate effects of RS for a treatment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobezene (DNCB) in mice. Methods In this experiment, effects of RS were investigated on changes in body weights, dorsum skin thickness, clinical aspects on the dorsum skin, spleen and body weight among these four groups; normal group (NOR), control group (CON), RS spread group (RSS) and RS spread and administer group (RSS+Adm). In addition, the effects on proliferations of splenocytes were also investigated in vitro and in vivo study. Results RSS group and RSS+Adm group showed increasing in body weights, diminished dorsum skin thickness and treated dermatitis on dorsum skin. In RSS+Adm group, spleen weights were lowered significantly compared to CON group. Conclusions In conclusion, these data suggest that RS can decrease symptoms of ACD significantly, and it shows the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effect as well. Therefore, RS can be useful to treat patients with ACD.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.508-517
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of Hangryunhaedocktang (HHT) on epidermal damages induced by allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The sensitization were caused by one application of $25{\mu}l$ of 5% 2,4-dinitroch1orobenzene (DNCB) onto a back-lumbar skin of BALB/c mice. 2 weeks later, ACD was elicitated with $4{\mu}l$ of 2.5% DNCB and then mice were given HHT extract in doses of 3.3ml/kg/day, for 72 hours. The ACD induced epidermal damages in HHT treated ACD mice was more mitigated than non-treated ACD elicited mice. The features related with epidermal damage such as epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase of nuclear shrinkages and vacuolation, and enlargement of intercellular space softened. And the distribution of soybean agglutinin (SBA) positive reaction in stratum spinosum (SS) and stratum basale (SB) were similarly maintained in a normal configuration. The numerical decrease of BrdU, TUNEL, and Fas positive cells observed were prominent in SB. Results suggest a benefit role for HHT in mitigating epidermal damages in mice with allergic contact dermatitis.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth (ACD) of eyes with Keratoconus in the Korean population with the Pentacam. Methods: The subjects consisted of 84 eyes from Keratoconic adults aged 7-59 years during 2010. The thinnest area, apex zone, and pupil centre of the corneal thickness were measured using the Pentacam pachymetry. ACD value was also measured with Pentacam. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between thickness of the cornea at the apex area and the pupil centre (p=0.0001). However, there was no statistical difference (p>0.5) in the mean thickness of thinnest area, apex zone, pupil centre of cornea between right eye and left eye. Also, correlation between ACD and corneal thickness in all subjects had no statistical differences (p>0.05) in all subjects. Conclusion: These results suggested that the regional thickness of cornea and ACD with Pentacam can provide correct and useful diagnostic information of the morphology of Keratoconus for the RGP contact lens and diagnosis of abnormal corneal refraction surgery.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Objectives In the theory of Korean Medicine, Cicadae Periostracum (CP) has been used to treat skin diseases such as inflammatory dermatitis, tetanus and pruritus. CP can reduce heat and disperse wind. In prior studies, anti-allergic effect and anti-inflammatory effect of CP were reported. However, there has been no report regarding the correlation of CP and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). This study was performed to show the effects of CP in ACD induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Methods In this experiment, the effects of CP on biological changes were measured, such as changes in ear and spleen weight, ear and dorsum skin thickness, clinical aspect on the dorsum skin and histological changes. The effect of proliferation rate of splenocytes was also investigated in vitro and vivo study. Results In results, CP application (CPA) group and CP application and administration (CPAA) group were significantly restrained in ear weight gain and increase in ear and dorsum skin thickness compared to the control group. In addition, CPA and CPAA group showed diminished erythema, desquamation, bloodstain, and marks. Also, the histological assessment showed that CP treatement diminished thickness of epidermis, hyperkeratosis, pigmentation and parakeratosis. Conclusions In conclusion, these data suggest that CP can decrease symptoms of ACD.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.89-101
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• 2001

1. The purpose of study To study the effectiveness of Yangkyuksanhawtang(YST) against Allergic Contact Dermatitis(ACD) I observed the change of cutaneous shape, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and the distribution of apoptotic cells. 2. The material and method of study I divided 4-month-old rats into three groups of 10, which are a contrastive group of having applied Acetone olive oil only, ACD group to have intentionally activated Allergic Contact Dermatitis by DNCB and YST group to give medication of Yangkyuksanhawtang extract. And I observed each group of mice after 24, 48 and 72 hours. 3. The result and conclusion of study The change of cutaneous shape and hypersensitive reaction of immunity was significantly decreased by YST in ACD rats. I consider that YST suppressed hypersensitive reaction of immunity and inflammation in ACD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.115-132
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• 2014

Objective : Portulacae Herba (PH) can clear away heat, detoxicate, cool down blood heat. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of PH on ACD induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Method : In this experiment, the effects of PH on changes in body weights, thicknesses and weights of ear, thicknesses of dorsum skin, degree of symptoms on the dorsum skin, histopathological changes of ear and dorsum skin, spleen weights, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10 in serum were observed. And the effects on the proliferation rates of splenocytes were also investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results : 1. PH spread (PHS) group and PH spread plus administered (PHS+Adm) group didn't show any changes in weight and thickness of ear. 2. But in PHS and PHS+Adm group, thickness of dorsum skin decreased significantly. 3. And PHS and PHS+Adm group showed meaningful effectiveness on ACD symptoms like erythema, desquamation and keratinization. 4. In histopathological observation, hyperplasia and edema of spongy tissues were remarkably diminished in PHS and PHS+Adm group. 5. And PH reduced the proliferation rates of splenocytes in vivo and vitro study. Conclusions : PH effectively decreased symptoms of ACD in this study, therefore PH can be one of medicinal ingredients to treat ACD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.46-61
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• 2017

Objectives : Allergic contact dermatitis(ACD) is a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction that results from cumulative exposures and subsequent sensitization to an environmental chemical. Lonicerae Caulis(LC) can clear away heat and relieve toxin, disperse wind and heat, dredge the channel. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of LC on allergic contact dermatitis(ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) in mice. Methods : In this experiment, the effects of LC on changes in body weights, ear and dorsum skin thicknesses, ear weights, clinical aspects on the dorsum skin, histopathological changes, spleen/body ratio, cytokines were investigated. In addition, the effects on proliferations of splenocytes were also investigated in vitro and vivo study. Results : LC spread(SPR) group and LC spread and administered(SPR+ADM) group showed diminished ear thicknesses. In SPR+ADM group, ear weights were lowered significantly compared to contact dermatitis control(CTL) group. LC treatment diminished erythema, desquamation and keratosis which were induced by repeated painting of DNCB. In histopathological observation, spongiosis and edema were diminished in SPR and SPR+ADM group. In cytokines, SPR+ADM group were increased in IL-10, and SPR and SPR+ADM group were decreased in TNF-${\alpha}$ compared with control group. Conclusions : These data suggest that LC can decrease symptoms of ACD, then LC is useful to treat patient with ACD.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.59-70
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to construct the ACD model for the block trading volume duration. The ACD model based on the block trading volume duration is referred to as Volume ACD (VACD) in this study. By integrating with GARCH-type models, the VACD based GARCH type models, which include VACD-GARCH, VACD-IGARCH and VACD-FIGARCH models, are set up. This study selects Chunghwa Telecom (CHT) Inc., offering the America Depository Receipt (ADR) in NYSE, to investigate the block trading volume duration in Taiwanese equity market. The empirical results indicate that the long memory in volume duration series increases dependence at level of volatility clustering by VACD (2,1)-FIGARCH (3,d,1) model. Moreover, the VACD (2,1)-IGARCH (1,1) exhibits relatively better performance of prediction on capturing block trading volume duration. This volatility model is more appropriate in this study to portray the change of the CHT Inc. prices and provides more information about the volatility process for investment strategy, which can be a reference indicator of financial asset pricing, hedging strategy and risk management.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2015

Objectives: The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide. Regulation of cellular energy metabolis has the potential to be manipulated therapeutically to serve as a target for obesity and insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle is regarded as a target for regulation of energy metabolism and insulin resistance. In this study, the authors investigated the regulatory effect of (Cinnamomum cassia Blume, CCB), Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (ACD), and Benth (Pueraria lobata Benth, PLB) on energy and glucose metabolism in C2C12 myotubes. Methods: The water extracts of CCB, ACD, and PLB (0.5 mg/ml) were treated in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. The expressions of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylation AMPK were detected with western blotting. Glucose metabolism was investigated with glucose uptake assay and glucose consumption assay, total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was also analyzed. Results: CCB, ACD, and PLB activated the phophorylation of AMPK, they also increased the glucose metabolism and total ATP contents in C2C12 myotubes. Conclusions: This study suggests that CCB, ACD, and PLB have the potential to increase energy and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle.