• 논리연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-141
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• 2005

이 논문에서, 필자는 지식귀속이 발화 또는 주체의 문맥에 민감하다고 보는 '안다'에 대한 '민감주의'를 비판한다. Peter Unger는 '평평한', '확실한'과 같은 절대적 용어에 대한 둔감주의를 바탕으로 '안다'에 대한 둔감주의를 제안한 반면, David Lewis는 절대적 용어에 대한 민감주의를 바탕으로 '안다'에 대한 민감주의를 제시한 바 있다. 두 견해 모두 '안다'가 절대적 용어의 집합에 속한다는 것에 근거하고 있기 때문이다. 필자는 '안다'에 대한 Unger-식의 둔감주의에 반대한다. 필자의 주장에 의하면, '의미론적 면도날'이라고 부를 원칙에 입각할 때 우리는 절대적 용어와 관련해선 둔감주의보다 민감주의를 택할 이유를 가지기 때문이다. 다른 한편, 필자는 '안다'에 대한 민감주의적 접근에 대해서도 반대한다. 잘 살펴보면 '안다'와 절대적 용어(또는 민감한 용어 일반) 간에는 근본적인 차이가 있어서, 절대적 용어(또는 민감한 용어 일반)와는 달리 '안다'는 맥락에 민감한 것으로 취급될 수 없기 때문이다. 필자의 이런 주장들은 민감주의 의미론이 다른 많은 경우들에서 성공적일지라도 '안다'는 둔감한 용어로 간주되어야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

This paper addresses the derivation of 6-DOF equation of Tanker and Receiver's aircraft for aerial refueling. The new set of nonlinear equations are derived in terms of the relative translational and rotational motion of receiver aircraft respect to the tanker aircraft body frame. Further the wind effect terms due to the tanker's turbulence are included. The derivation of absolute dynamic equation for tanker aircraft written in the inertial frame is calculated from the relative dynamics equations of receiver. The derived relative and absolute equations are implemented the simulation in the same flight conditions to verify the relative motion and compare the trim results by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK program.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

스테레오 매칭 과정에 있어서 매칭 비용을 구하는 것은 매우 중요한 과정이다. 이러한 스테레오 매칭 과정의 성능을 살펴보기 위하여 본 논문에서는 기존에 제안된 매칭 비용 함수들에 대한 기본 개념들을 소개하고 각각의 성능 및 장점을 분석하고자 한다. 가장 간단한 매칭 비용 함수는 매칭 되는 영상의 일관된 밝기를 이용하여 좌, 우 영상 간 서로 대응하는 대응점을 추정하는 과정으로, 본 논문에서 다루는 매칭 비용함수는 화소 기반과 윈도우 기반의 매칭 비용 방법으로 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 화소 기반의 방법으로는 절대 밝기차(the absolute intensity differences: AD)와 sampling-intensitive absolute differences of Birchfield and Tomasi (BT) 방법이 있고, 윈도우 기반의 방법으로는 차이 절대 값의 합(sum of the absolute differences: SAD), 차이 제곱 값의 합(sum of squred differences: SSD), 표준화 상호상관성(normalized cross-correlation: NCC), 제로 평균 표준화 상호 상관성(zero-mean normalized cross-correlation: ZNCC), census transform, the absolute differences census transform (AD-Census) 이 있다. 본 논문에서는 앞서 언급한 기존에 제안된 매칭 비용 함수들을 정확도와 시간 복잡도를 측정했다. 정확도 측면에서 AD-Census 방법이 평균적으로 가장 낮은 매칭 율을 보여줬고, 제로 평균 표준화 상호 상관성 방법은 non-occlusion과 all 평가 항목에서 가장 낮은 매칭 오차율을 보여 주지만, discontinuities 평가 항목에서는 블러 효과 때문에 높은 매칭 오차율을 보여 주었다. 시간 복잡도 측면에서는 화소 기반인 절대 밝기차 방법이 낮은 복잡도를 보여 주였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

Endoscopic resection is the established treatment for early gastric cancer in selected patients with negligible risk of lymph node metastasis ('absolute indication'). Based on clinical observations and large pathological databases, expanding indications for endoscopic resection beyond absolute indication has been tried in Japan and Korea. However, controversies exist regarding the safety of treating early gastric cancer beyond absolute indication in terms of pathological evaluation of the resected specimen, definition of expanded indication, discrepancy between pre-endoscopic resection and post-endoscopic resection diagnoses of gastric neoplasm, and the best strategy for cases with non-curative resection. In this brief review, current evidence and clinical experience regarding issues of endoscopic resection beyond absolute indication will be summarized.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

We forecast the US oil consumption level taking advantage of google trends. The google trends are the search volumes of the specific search terms that people search on google. We focus on whether proper selection of google trend terms leads to an improvement in forecast performance for oil consumption. As the forecast models, we consider the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and the structured regularization method for large vector autoregressive (VAR-L) model of Nicholson et al. (2017), which select automatically the google trend terms and the lags of the predictors. An out-of-sample forecast comparison reveals that reducing the high dimensional google trend data set to a low-dimensional data set by the LASSO and the VAR-L models produces better forecast performance for oil consumption compared to the frequently-used forecast models such as the autoregressive model, the autoregressive distributed lag model and the vector error correction model.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

The current study focused on the production of geminate nasal consonants across different word boundary types in Korean as a function of speech style to investigate whether temporal properties are preserved across varying speaking rates. Assimilated geminates in Korean, known as true geminates, are produced with distinctively longer consonant duration compared to singletons. Despite a large body of literature for geminates across different languages, geminates in Korean have been relatively less investigated with respect to the durational patterns in relative terms and temporal variabilities. In this study, singletons, word-internal geminates and word-boundary (fake) geminates produced by ten native Seoul Korean speakers were compared in terms of absolute consonant closure duration, preceding vowel duration, the relative ratios (consonant-to-preceding vowel duration) as well as the temporal variabilities in speech production. The results showed that word-internal geminates were produced with longer consonant duration and greater temporal variabilities than singletons and word-boundary geminates in absolute duration, indicating relatively greater flexibility in timing. However, only word-internal geminates were produced with distinctively longer consonant duration with significantly lower variability in relative duration regardless of speech styles. The results provide some insight into the representation of temporal information in the production of Korean geminate consonants.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.943-952
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• 2018

This paper presents a new type of absolute rotary encoder system based on the affine n-digit N-ary gray code. A brief comparison of the existing encoder systems is carried out in terms of resolution, encoding and decoding principles and number of sensor heads needed. Using the proposed method, two different types of encoder disks are designed, namely, color-coded disk and grayscale coded disk. The designed coded disk pattern is used to manufacture 3 digit 3 ary and 2 digit 5 ary grayscale coded disks respectively. The manufactured disk is used with the light emitter and photodetector assembly to design the entire encode system. Experimental analysis is done on the designed prototype with LabVIEW platform for data acquisition. A comparison of the designed system is done with the traditional binary gray code encoder system in terms of resolution, disk diameter, number of tracks and data acquisition system. The resolution of the manufactured system is 3 times higher than the conventional system. Also, for a 5 digit 5 ary coded encoder system, a resolution approximately 100 times better than the conventional binary system can be achieved. In general, the proposed encoder system gives $(N/2)^n$ times better resolution compared with the traditional gray coded disk. The miniaturization in diameter of the coded disk can be achieved compared to the conventional binary systems.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제35권3_4호
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• pp.371-385
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• 2017

Jain and Saraswat (2012) introduced new generalized f-information divergence measure, by which we obtained many well known and new information divergences. In this work, we introduce new information inequalities in absolute form on this new generalized divergence by considering convex normalized functions. Further, we apply these inequalities for getting new relations among well known divergences, together with numerical verification. Application to the Mutual information is also presented. Asymptotic approximation in terms of Chi- square divergence is done as well.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2021

Absolute position sensors are widely used in machine tools and precision measuring instruments because measurement errors are not accumulated, and position measurements can be performed without initialization. The laser speckle-based absolute position sensor, in particular, has advantages in terms of simple system configuration and high measurement accuracy. Unlike traditional absolute position sensors, it does not require an expensive physical length scale; instead, it uses a laser speckle image database to measure a moving surface position. However, there is a problem that a huge database is required to store information in all positions on the surface. Conversely, reducing the size of the database also decreases the accuracy of position measurements. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new method to measure the surface position with high precision while reducing the size of the database. We use image stitching and approximation methods to reduce database size and speed up measurements. The absolute position error of the proposed method was about 0.27 ± 0.18 ㎛, and the average measurement time was 25 ms.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.649-654
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• 2004

A physically simple but mathematically cumbrous problem of rotating heavy chain with one fixed top point is studied. Nonlinear equation of its two-dimensional shapes of relative equilibrium is obtained and solved numerically. A linear case of small displacements is analyzed in terms of Bessel functions. The qualitative and quantitative behavior of the problem is discussed with the help of bifurcation diagram. Dynamics of the two-dimensional model near the equilibrium positions is studied with the help of simulation using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). The equilibriums are found instable, and the reason of instability is explained using a variational principle.