• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 1984

There has been an immense need for elaborate studies on the complications and the neuological sequelae generated by acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning which is highly prevalent in Korea due to widespread adoption of the anthracite coal briquette as domestic fuel for heating and for cooking. For this epidemiological study, a total of 444 subjects who received hospital emergency care for acute CO poisoning during the period of March 1982 to February 1983 were randomly selected from the emergency patients's lists of 13 general hospitals in Seoul area. Informations on the neurological sequelae were elucidated by means of home visiting with prearranged questionnaire consisting questions and concise neurological examination. The findings obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The complications were found in 18% of the surveyed and acute decubitus was comprised 67.5% of the complications. 2. The total cumulative incidence of the neurological sequelae was 41.2 per 100 patients and the absolute incidence rate regardless of the duration after poisoning was 40.8%. 3. The incidence of the neurological sequelae was higher in the older age than in the younger and also higher in female than in male. Twice higher incidence was observed in the admitted patients than in the non-admitted patients and the incidence became higher in proportion to the duration of CO exposure, coma and admission. The poorer the consciousness level of patients found, at emergency room and at discharge, the higher the incidence. The incidence of the neurological sequelae by emergency care was higher in hyperbaric oxygen therapy group(51.9%) than in 100% $O_2$ group(38.0%) 4. A total of five variables significantly associated with the occurrence of the neurological sequelae were selected by the stepwise discriminant analysis. The variables were following course of emergency care, age, consciousness level at discharge, admission duration, and consciousness level at emergency room in their sequence of discriminant power. Eight variables were selected as those associated with the degree of the neurological sequelae through the stepwise multiple regression analysis. Of these variables, the acute decubitus alone explained 21.1% of the total variation ana all the eight variables could explain 36.5% of the same. The remaining seven variables listed in the order of their relative importance were: age, consciousness level at discharge, admission duration, coma duration and consciousness level at emergency room. 5. It was postulated that unexpectedly high incidence of the neurological sequelae of the CO poisoning in this epidemiological study was mainly due to the inadequate emergency care and the lack of efficient and sophisticated treatment measure. In the effort to minimize the incidence of grave neurological sequelae of acute CO poisoning, new guidelines for the emergency care and treatment should be pursued with efficient ways.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.553-567
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 SPI의 문제점을 보완하는 측면에서 수정 SPI(MSPI)를 제안하고, 이를 서울지점의 가물분석에 적용하여 비교하였다. MSPI는 강수량을 이동평균하기 전에 정규화 하는 과정을 추가하는 경우로 SPI가 강수의 절대량을 이월하는 반면 MSPI는 강수의 상대량을 이월하는 형태를 가지게 된다. 서울지점 월강수량자료는 1777년-1996년까지의 것으로 각각 전체자료 및 1900년을 전후로 한 장기건조기의 전반부 및 후반부를 따로 분석하여 비교될 수 있도록 하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. (1) MSPI가 SPI에 비해 보다 현실적인 결과를 준다. 이는 1900년도 전후로의 장기건조기가 포함된 기록과 포함되지 않은 기록을 분석한 결과의 비교에서 확인되었다. (2) MSPI는 SPI에 비해 극단적인 강수사상에 덜 민감한 결과를 준다. 장기건조기의 전반부 및 후반부에 대해 MSPI를 적용한 결과를 비교하면 가뭄의 발생가능성은 보통 가뭄의 경우는 대체로 비슷하나 아주 심한 가뭄의 경우는 약간 줄어들었음을 파악할 수 있다(재현기간 약 18년에서 16년으로). 그러나 가뭄 발생 시 그 지속기간은 전반부에 비해 후반부가 길게 나타나고 있다(아주 심한 가뭄의 경우 약 2개월에서 2.5개월로). 이러한 결과는 상대적으로 극단적인 결과로 나타내는 SPI(아주 심한 가뭄의 경우 재현기간은 약 25년에서 10년으로, 지속기간은 1.5개월에서 3.5개월로)에 비해 보다 현실적이라고 판단할 수 있다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.801-809
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• 2023

대규모로 진행되는 도로건설사업에서 비용 초과와 공기 지연이 지속적으로 발생하고 있지만 이를 사전에 관리하고 대비할 수 있는 성과평가 체계 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 또한 긴 공기를 가진 도로건설사업은 시공과정에서 많은 요인들에 영향을 받기 때문에 도로만의 특성을 고려한 성과 평가를 실시하고, 추후 유사한 사업에 대비할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 도로건설사업의 시공단계 성과평가 프레임워크를 개발하여 도로건설사업의 성과관리 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 각종 유관기관에서 도로건설사업 시공단계의 정보를 수집하고 속성정보에 따라 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 또한 사업의 착공·준공시점 간 시간차에 대해 비용 표준화를 실시하였고, 성과평가를 위한 지표를 도출하여 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 도로건설사업 시공과정의 절대적, 상대적 비용·일정 성과를 정량적으로 분석함으로써 성과평가 연구의 고도화 가능성과 신규 도로건설사업 계획 시 활용방안을 보여준다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

AnnAGNPS model was applied to a catchment mainly occupied with bushland for modeling non-point source pollution. Since the single event model cannot handle events longer than 24 hours duration, the event-based calibration was carried out using the continuous mode. As event flows affect sediment and nutrient generation and transport, the calibration of the model was performed in three steps: Hydrologic, Sediment and Nutrient calibrations. The results from hydrologic calibration for the catchment indicate a good prediction of the model with average ARE(Absolute Relative Error) of $24.6\%$ fur the runoff volume and $12\%$ for the peak flow. For the sediment calibration, the average ARE was $198.8\%$ indicating acceptable model performance for the sediment prediction. The predicted TN(Total Nitrogen) and TP(Total Phosphorus) were also found to be acceptable as the average ARE for TN and TP were $175.5\%\;and\;126.5\%$, respectively. The AnnAGNPS model was therefore approved to be appropriate to model non-point source pollution in bushland catchments. In general, the model was likely to result in underestimation for the larger events and overestimation fur the smaller events for the water quality predictions. It was also observed that the large errors in the hydrologic prediction also produced high errors in sediment and nutrient prediction. This was probably due to error propagation in which the error in the hydrologic prediction influenced the generation of error in the water quality prediction. Accurate hydrologic calibration should be hence obtained for a reliable water quality prediction.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

웅어 Coilia nasus의 생식소중량지수(GSI), 비만도지수, 난소 발달, 군성숙도, 포란수를 2007년 1월부터 2007년 12월 까지 조직학적 관찰 및 형태 측정 분석에 의해 조사하였다. GSI와 비만도지수는 2월에 증가하기 시작하여 난소가 성숙해지는 6월에 최대에 이르며, 그 후 산란이 일어나는 7월에 급격히 감소하였다. 그러므로 GSI와 비만도지수의 월별 변화는 난소의 성숙 및 산란과 밀접한 관련을 갖는다. 암컷의 난소 발달 단계는 연속적인 5단계로 구분되었다. 초기성장기($2{\sim}$3월), 후기 성장기($3{\sim}$4월), 성숙기($5{\sim}$6월), 완숙 및 산란기($6{\sim}$7월), 회복 및 휴지기($12{\sim}$1월). 본 종의 성숙과 산란은 고수온-장일장인 $6{\sim}$7월 사이에 일어난다. 군성숙도 조사에서 50% 이상 산란에 참여하는 암컷 개체는 전장 $24.1{\sim}27.0$cm 이었으며, 30.1 cm 이상에서 전 개체가 산란에 참여하였다. 절대포란수에 있어서 총포란수와 송숙란수는 전장 및 체중이 커질수록 증가하였다. 상대포란수에 있어서 총포란수와 성숙란수는 전장에 비례하여 증가하였으나, 이들 난수는 최대 체중(126.0${\sim}$150.0 g)에 도달하면 상대포란수는 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.383-396
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• 2007

기존의 댐 계획이나 운영에서는 댐의 홍수조절 효과분석을 위해 댐 홍수조절 기여도 평가, 유황변화, 환경생태학적 변화 및 댐 하류의 수위저감효과를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 분석방법은 댐의 홍수조절에 의한 경제석 효과를 명확하게 제시할 수 없기 때문에, 댐의 치수역할과 필요성에 대한 국민적 공감대 형성이나 댐 사업의 타당성을 정확하게 평가하고 알리기에는 한계가 있다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 댐의 홍수조절에 의한 효과를 보다 분명하고 정확하게 산정하기 위하여 기존의 수위저감효과와 더불어 홍수피해 절감량이 얼마나 발생하였는지를 정량화할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하였다. 제안된 방법론에서는 홍수위 조건에 따라 위험상태기준을 잠재안전, 상대위험, 절대위험의 세 가지 상태로 정의하여 이에 따라 홍수피해 절감량을 제시한다. 구축된 방법을 남한강 유역의 2006년 7월 집중호우를 대상으로 충주댐의 홍수조절에 의한 여주지점에서의 수위차감효과와 이에 따른 경제적 효과를 분석하였다. 적용결과 피해경감량은 4조 1,890억원으로 산정되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 댐의 홍수조절에 대한 경제적 효과분석은 댐의 홍수조절 효과나 증요성을 이해하는데 큰 기여가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

목 적: 식이 단백 유발 직결장염(DPIPC)은 영아 초기에 발생하여 양호한 경과를 취하는 질환으로 모유나 우유 내 성분에 의한 알레르기 반응이 주요 원인으로 추정되고 있다. DPIPC의 임상적 특징과 자연 경과 및 식이 조절의 필요성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 5월부터 2004년 6월까지 부산대학교병원 소아과에 혈변을 주소로 검사를 받은 영아 중 DPIPC로 진단된 13명을 대상으로 임상적 특징을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 남아가 7명(53.8%), 여아가 6명(46.2%)이었고, 혈변이 발생한 시기는 평균 $96.8{\pm}58.8$일이었다. 혈변의 빈도는 평균 $2.6{\pm}2.5$회/일이었고, 혈변의 발현 후 진단까지의 평균 기간은 $35.5{\pm}55.0$일이었다. 환자의 식이는 모유 수유가 9명(69.2%), 인공 영양이 2명(15.4%), 혼합 영양이 2명(15.4%)이었다. 알레르기의 가족력은 1명에서 있었고, 환자에서 다른 알레르기 질환의 동반은 없었다. 어머니의 식이 습관으로 소량의 우유 복용이나 견과류 또는 어패류의 섭취가 각각 3명에서 있었다. 혈액 검사에서 백혈구수가 $10,555{\pm}3,145/mm^3$, 호산구 비율이 $6.3{\pm}3.0%$, 절대 호산구수가 $659.0{\pm}532.2/mm^3$였다. 13명 중 6명에서 대장 내시경 검사를 시행되었고, 전 예에서 직장과 S상 결장의 점막에 국소적인 발적과 소결절형성이 관찰되었다. 이 중 5명에서 대장 조직 검사를 시행했으며, 만성 염증과 음와 농양이 동반된 경우가 3명이었고, 전 예에서 결절성 림프양 증식이 있었다. 광학 현미경으로 400배의 고배율 시야에서 관찰하였을 때, 대장 점막의 호산구의 수는 4예에서 10개 이하였고 1예에서 10~20개였다. 13명 모두 식이의 변화나 약물을 사용하지 않고 혈변은 $58.7{\pm}67.0$일 후에 자연 소실되었다. 결 론: 건강한 어린 영아에서 실 모양 또는 고춧가루를 흩어놓은 듯한 혈변이 있을 때는 DPIPC를 의심해야 하고, 환자나 환자의 어머니에서 식이 변화가 없이도 혈변은 대부분 1세 이전에 소실되며 혈변 이외에 다른 문제를 야기하지 않는다는 점에서 DPIPC 환자나 어머니에게 일률적으로 식이 제한을 하는 것은 재고할 필요가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1973

This study is designed to meet the following objectives: (1) To study attitude and behavior regarding marriage and age at marriage, (2) To learn correlates of age at marriage and to examine their relations, (3) To measure relative importance of the correlates of age at marriage, and (4) To study relations of age at marriage and family planning practice to fertility and their relative importance as correlates of fertility. The data are obtained by an independent cross-sectional survey in three study areas purposively selected to represent metropolitan. semihuman. rural population. The study population is confined to women age 17-50 as of survey. The overall response rate is 90%. Reliability of data is measured by . individual and aggregate inconsistency based upon a 15% subsample of the original interviews. The individual inconsistency (31%) is found to be high compared to the aggregate inconsistency (6%) for all 85 variables. However, the magnitude of differences between means is small, and the mean absolute shifts and proportional shifts are also small on the whole. In a word respondents did not change their answers too extremely or radically. The study populations of each study area are compared on some basic characteristics. It is found that the three study populations have more dissimilarities than similarities. The findings on seven different attitudinal positions of women toward marriage indicate that there have been tremendous changes in all study areas Iron "traditional" attitudes which have been prevalent for a long time in Korean society to "liberalized" or "modernized" attitudes. An apparent tendency is that women generally take a position of a "golden mean" attitude by not preferring either extreme of marriage attitudes. Nevertheless, the young, single, educated, and urbanite appears more "liberalized. " There has been some increase in ideal age at marriage from 1958 to 1970 for both sexes. No age group, marital status, or study area differentials in ideal age at marriage are found, the average ideal age at marriage in every sub-group being 24-25. Awareness of existing legal marriageable ages is low; only 4.4% are aware that "with parental permission: minimum age for males is 18 years and for females 16 years,"and only 3.7% are aware that "without parental permission: 27 years for males and 23 years for females." People in Korra tend to marry spouses who are in various social ways like themselves: the similarities include (a) education, occupational status of father, (c) economic status, (d) usual residence before marriage, and (e) religion. Both singulars and actual mean ages at marriage in this study confirm the trend of rising age at marriage previously established by other independent studies. The urban-rural differential in age at marriage is observed, but the differential narrows down gradually from 1935 to 1970. All socio-economic, demographic, and other variables pertaining to wife before and at first marriage, excluding (a) religion, (b) father′s of occupation, and (c) as: of menarche, are correlated with respondent's age at first marriage, whereas only three variables out of all socio-economic variables relating to husband before and at wife′s first marriage, viz., (a) education, (b) usual residence, and (c) economic level of his old home, are correlated with respondent′s age at marriage. Among socio-economic and modernity variables related to either husband or wife at the time of survey, only education and duration of residence are correlated with wife′s age at first marriage. Among the correlates of respondent′age at first marriage, education is in general the most important variable. However, it is found that wife′s education is more important than husband′s. The combined effects or the correlates studied explain no more than about 40% of variance for any of the selected groups of variables. Points which might counteract the effects of late marriage on fertility are not serious in Korea. For each of the correlates of the three fertility indices chosen for this study. namely, (a) number of living children, (b) number of live births, and (c) number of pregnancies, age at marriage is the major contributor to the variance in all age groups except the age group of 20-29 in which the index of family planning practice is the major contributor. The proportion of variability in fertility indices accounted for by the correlates is never more than 40% of the total variance in any age group. Based upon the findings from this study, it could be concluded that in the foreseeable future (a) celibate group will no! be increased to a point that would slow down population growth rate in Korea, (b) age at marriage will not increase continually, (c) although education stands out as the major contributing variable which independently explains the variation in age at marriage, it seems probable that education may not be the major variable in the near future, and (d) despite the fact found by this study that age at marriages has been the major contributor to the variance of each of the fertility indices used, family planning practice will play a more important role in the reduction of fertility in the Korean society. Therefore, factors interrupting practice of family planning must be eliminated and family planning program should be strengthened if further fertility reduction is needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 1976

This study was a part of large scale of a prospective study on attitudes of professional students in medicine, nursing and teaching toward population related issues in Korea. The study was first conducted in May 1974 and then in May 1975 for the 1974 class cohot using a questionaire consisted of attitude scales and other items developed by Lee. The purpose of stuay was twohold, namely, to determine the difference in students among specializations on one hand and between the first and second years in the 1974 class cohot regarding tile subject matter. A one-way analysis of variance was used for attitude scale, and absolute and relative frequency were computed for the analysis of non-attitude scale items by employing Fishers' Ratio and Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level and chi square test at 5% level as significance tests. The hypothesis 'students in health profession are more likely to have positive attitudes toward population related issues progressively as class year advances than students in teaching profession' was tested and the following results were obtained: 1) Nursing students were more likely to display favarable attitudes toward family planning than medical or teaching students although the class cohot showed slightly negative improvement in the second year. Medical and teaching students apperaed to have slightly improved attitudes in the second year. 2) Respondents in general perceived national family planning program as a means of population control and this tendency was more true among nursing students as the class year advances than two other professional groups of students. Students in teaching profession appeared to perceive it more as a means to improve individual family welfare while health students were likely to see as to improve maternal and child health. This tendency was progressively improved as the class year advanced. 3) The majority of students regardless of their respective specializations believed that family planning program should be directed toward the improvement of individual family welfare. No progressive changes in the class cohot were observed. 4) About the plan to use contraceptives in future, no singnificant differences were observes among different specializations nor in different class years. However, the majority was confirmed to have a plan to use contracepives in future. An increasing proportion of the undecided category was observed, as class year advanced among health students. 5) Students in health profession were found to be more favorable about 'more leisure opportunities' as motive for limiting number of children whereas education students indicated the reasons as 'facilitate ambitions' and 'economic base' The progressive changes toward positive direction in both groups were observed as the class years advanced. 6) Attitudes toward induced abortions of the health students were observed to be positively related to class years while an inverse relationship was found in teaching students who showed much less favor in the subject matter than health students. This phenomenon may be due to the different exposure to learning environments unique to respective specializations. 7) Health students were found to have more favorable attitudes toward population education in general than the teaching students. The teaching students appeared to have changed more to the negative direction when they became the second year while no such development was observed in health students. The teaching students seemed to hold a very conservative position with regard to sex education in schools. 8) About the equality of sexes, the nursing group was found to be most favorable while the reverse was true in the teaching group. A change in the negative direction as the class year advanced was found in the teaching group. 9) About questions related to fertility values-the 10 percent of respondents regardless of specialization indicated that they would maintain their single status in future, however no change was observed in the second year. The desired number of children was found to be two by the majority of students in nursing, medicine and teaching in order of high proportion. No changes in a different class year were observed. The childless marriage was seen by nursing students as a problem more than other students, but a slight change in positive direction was found when the nursing students became the second year. In summing, as data supported in the above, students in health profession demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward population related issues than the teaching students and this tendency became more apparent in the second year. It was noticed that health students were more conscious about the health aspect of population and family planning program while the teaching students gave more attention to the socioeconomic aspect. The sex variable seemed to have operated in the item related to the equality of sexes. In conclusion, as data presented in the above, the hypothesis of this study was accepted except in the few items. It should be noted that the limitation of this study is the short duration of the observation in measuring the possible attitude changes. It should include curriculum analysis for the respective specializations in order to indentify the area of curriculum impact on students in future study.