• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.209-231
• /
• 1999

Even though titanium(Ti) and its alloys are the most used dental implant materials, there are some problems that Ti wears easily and interferes normal osteogenesis due to the metal ions. Ti coated with bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite has also such problems as the exfoliation or resorption of the coated layer, Recent studies on implant materials have been proceeding to improve physical properties of the implant substrate and biocompatibility of the implant surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to examine the physical property and bone tissue compatibility of bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti, Button type specimens(14mm in diameter, 2.32rrun in height) for the abrasion test and cytotoxicity test and thread type implants(3.75mm in diameter, 6mm in length) for the animal experiments were made from Ti(grade 2) and 316LVM stainless steel. Ti specimens were ion plated with TiN, ZrN by the low temperature arc vapor deposition, and the depth profile of the TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti ion plated surface was examined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy. Three kind of button type specimens .of TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti and Ti were used for abrasion test, and HEPAlClC7 cells and CCD cells were cultivated for 4 days with the specimens for cytotoxicity test. Thread type implants of TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti, Ti, 316LVM were implanted on the femur of 6 adult dogs weighing 10kg-13kg. Two dogs were sacrified for histological examination after 45 days and 90 days, and four dogs were sacrified for the removal torque test of the implant') after 90 days. The removal torque force was measured by Autograph (Shimadzu Co., AGS-1000D series, Japan). Abrasion resistance of TiN/Ti was the highest, and that of ZrN/Ti and Ti were followed. The bioinert nitride ion plated Ti had much better abrasion resistance, compared with Ti, In the cytotoxicity test, the number of both cells were increased in all specimens, and there were no significant difference in cytotoxic reaction among all groups (p>0.1), In histological examination, 316LVM showed the soft tissue engagement in interface between the implant and bone, but the other materials after 45 days noted immature new bone formation in the medullary portion along the implant surface, and those after 90 days showed implant support by new bone formation in both the cortical and the medullary portion, The removal torque force of Tilv/Ti showed significantly higher than that of Ti(p(O,05). The difference in removal torque force between TiN/Ti and ZrN/Ti was not significant(p>0.05), and that of 316LVM was lowest among all groups(p<0.05). These results suggest that bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti can resolve the existing problems of Ti and bioactive ceramics, and it may be clinically applicable to human.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.105-108
• /
• 1995

So far,in deep drilling process there are several manufacturing problems such as hole deviation, hole over size, circularity,straightness and surface roughness. Whit regard to these problems, we atudied the abrasion process on carbided tip of BTA drill and got the follow test results through the abrasion characteristic test and analysis on cutting mechanism for the drill tooth and guide pad. 1) In SM55C drilling process, the most stable and reasonable drilling speed range for optmum abrasion characteristic of drill tooth was 60m.min. 2) The total drilling torque was about 60kg .deg.cm on condition drilling speed 60m/min and 0.15mm/rev. These results show that the theoretical burnising torque is well accord with the tested torque which is working on guide pad.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.78-87
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE. This study aimed to compare the effect of different surface treatments and luting agent types on the shear bond strength of two ceramics to commercially pure titanium (Cp Ti). MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 160 Cp Ti specimens were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 40) according to surface treatments received (control, 50 ㎛ airborne-particle abrasion, 110 ㎛ airborne-particle abrasion, and tribochemical coating). The cementation surfaces of titanium and all-ceramic specimens were treated with a universal primer. Two cubic all-ceramic discs (lithium disilicate ceramic (LDC) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLC)) were cemented to titanium using two types of resin-based luting agents: self-cure and dual-cure (n = 10). After cementation, all specimens were subjected to 5000 cycles of thermal aging. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was conducted, and the failure mode was determined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA, and the Tukey-HSD test was used for post hoc comparisons (P < .05). RESULTS. Significant differences were found among the groups based on surface treatment, resin-based luting agent, and ceramic type (P < .05). Among the surface treatments, 50 ㎛ air-abrasion showed the highest SBS, while the control group showed the lowest. SBS was higher for dual-cure resin-based luting agent than self-cure luting agent. ZLC showed better SBS values than LDC. CONCLUSION. The cementation of ZLC with dual-cure resin-based luting agent showed better bonding effectiveness to commercially pure titanium treated with 50 ㎛ airborne-particle abrasion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.887-894
• /
• 2009

There is no standard rule for the test of the railway abrasion measurement system composed of the line laser and the camera. This paper is proposed of the method to estimate the performance of the railway abrasion measurement system. The performance estimation is achieved by the quantitative analysis parameters such as MTF, NPS and DQE.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bond strength between PEKK(Polyetherketoneketone) and Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) the dental composite resin by proposing the three representative surface treatment methods and evaluate to see if they affect the bond strength between two materials. A total of 30 PEKK($Pekkton^{(R)}$ Ivory, $Cendres+M{\acute{e}}taux$, Bienne, Switzerland) specimens were prepared, embedded in acrylic resin, polished(P 1200 grid) to surface, and each group was divided into 10 specimens. After then, by the surface treatment method, it classified into three groups(n=10) such as Air abrasion group(PN), applying Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) after Air abrasion(PB), applying OPAQUE(3M ESPE) after Air abrasion(PO). Then, veneering was performed by using Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). All completed specimens were allowed to rest in a $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 24 hours. Shear bond strength of each group was measured and fracture patterns were classified. Statistic analysis was performed with One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheffe tast (p<.05). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. As a result of one-way ANOVA, the average value of PB group was $27.67{\pm}4,18MPa$ and it was shown as the highest bond strength, PN and PO were $20.43{\pm}1.70$ and $19.8{\pm}4.77MPa$ each, and these were relatively low(F=18.4, P<.001), and as the post-test the Scheffe test was conducted and verified (p<.05). After examining the scheffe test, it was showed significant differences as PB>PO, PB>PN(p<.001). Through this study, in order to enhance the bonding force between PEKK and the composite resin, perform the Air abrasion and surface treatment by using Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) is recommended, and as coMPared with other studies. And it is assumed that the increase of the application time of the Air abrasion affects the increase of the shear bond strength. Thus, further research is required.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2019

A typical wear pattern was reported to resemble the fatigue crack growth behavior considering its mechanism, especially for amorphous rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). In this study, the wear and crack growth rates were correlated using two separate experiments for carbon black and silica-reinforced selected rubber compounds. The wear rate was determined using a blade-type abrasion tester, where the frictional energy input during wearing was measured. The crack propagation rate was determined under different tearing energy inputs using a home-made fatigue tester, with a pure-shear test specimen containing pre-cracks. The rates of abrasion and crack propagation were plotted on a log-log scale as a function of frictional and tearing energies, respectively. Reasonable agreement was observed, indicating that the major mechanism of the abrasion pattern involved repeated crack propagation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.807-810
• /
• 2005

In this study, MMA-modified paste of coating material for protecting the concrete structures was developed. The coating material was applied to cement concrete specimens by brush, roller and spray in each of which one, two and three layers to survey, by the cold-hot iterative test, the neutralization test, the chloride ion permeation test and the ante-abrasion test, the affect of painting methods and layers influencing on the durability of coating material. Results of the cold-hot iterative test showed that, regardless of the painting methods and layers, the defects such as crack or fuzz on surface were not produced. As the number of painting layers increased, the neutralization prevention as well as the chloride ion permeation prevention effects were increased. On the other hand, no difference was found between the painting methods. Reducing weight by abrasion of polymer paste coating material was $20\%$ comparing to that of cement mortar.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods (yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal [Y-TZP] primers, air-abrasion, and tribochemical surface treatment) on the shear bond strength between (Y-TZP) ceramics and etch-and-rinse non-10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing resin cements. Materials and Methods: Y-TZP ceramic surfaces were ground flat with 600-grit silicone carbide abrasives paper and then divided into seven groups of ten. They were treated as the following: untreated (control), Monobond Plus (IvoclarVivadent), Z-PRIME Plus (Bisco Inc.), ESPE Sil with CoJet (3M ESPE), air-abrasion, Monobond Plus with air-abrasion, and Z-PRIME Plus with air-abrasion. The surface of Y-TZP specimens was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Non-MDP-containing cements were placed on the surface-treated Y-TZP specimens. After thermocycling, shear bond strength test was performed. Bond strength values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (P<0.05). Result: The Z-PRIME Plus treatment in combination with air-abrasion produced the highest bond strength ($14.94{\pm}1.70MPa$) followed by Monobond Plus combined with air-abrasion ($10.70{\pm}1.71MPa$), air-abrasion ($10.47{\pm}1.60MPa$), ESPE Sil after CoJet treatment ($10.38{\pm}0.87MPa$), Z-PRIME Plus application ($10.00{\pm}1.70MPa$), and then Monobond Plus application ($9.25{\pm}0.86MPa$). The control ($6.70{\pm}1.49MPa$) indicated the lowest results (P<0.05). The SEM results showed different surface morphologies according to surface treatment methods compared with the Y-TZP control. Conclusion: The shear bond strength between the Y-TZP ceramic and the non-MDP-containing resin cement was the greatest when the surface was treated with air-abrasion and MDP-containing Z-PRIME Plus primer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2016

The characteristics of filter/adsorber granular activated carbon (F/A GAC) were investigated by measuring various parameters, which include surface area, pore volume, abrasion number, floater, and water-soluble ash. The correlation between parameters was also evaluated. Moreover, rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) was conducted for adsorption characteristics. Thirteen F/A GAC were tested, and the average values of abrasion number and water-soluble ash were 88.9 and 0.15%, respectively. F/A GAC with the larger external surface area and greater mesopore volume had the lower abrasion number, which indicated that it was worn out relatively easily. Water-soluble ash of coconut-based GAC (about 2.6%) was greater than that of coal-based GAC (less than 1%), and the pH of solution was increased with GAC, which had the higher water-soluble ash. On the other hand, floater of thirteen F/A GAC was divided as two groups, which one group had relatively higher floater (2.7~3.5%) and the other group had lower floater (approximately 0.5%). The results of RSSCT indicated that coconut-based GAC (i.e. relatively higher water-soluble ash) had less adsorption capacity. Moreover, adsorption capacity of coal-based GAC with larger surface area and greater mesopore volume was superior to others.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2021

PURPOSE. The study compared the color change, lightness, and translucency of hybrid resin ceramics exposed to toothbrush abrasion and surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four hybrid ceramics [Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (EN), Shofu HC (SH), and Crystal Ultra (CU)] were compared with a glass-ceramic (Vita Mark II) control. One hundred and twenty specimen blocks were prepared using a precision saw machine. Specimens in each material were divided into four subgroups based on the surface treatment (polishing or staining) and a storage medium (water or citric acid). Simulated tooth brushing with a mixture of 100 RDA (radioactive abrasives) with 0.3 ml distilled water was used for 3650 cycles (7300 strokes) for each specimen. Measurements for the color change, lightness, and translucency were measured after toothbrushing using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis compared outcomes using paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS. The maximum color change was identified in SH (stained acid) [1.44 (0.40)], whereas the lowest was identified in EN (polished water) [0.66 (0.16)] material. The maximum and minimum loss of surface translucency was observed in SH (polished water) [12.3 (0.52)] and EN (stained acid) [6.5 (0.55)] specimens, respectively. Lastly, loss of lightness was the highest in VM (polished acid) [69 (0.95)], whereas the lowest was observed in CU (stained water) [56.7 (0.86)]. CONCLUSION. The comparison presented a significant effect of toothbrush abrasion on translucency and lightness of the hybrid resin ceramics. Color change was not significantly influenced irrespective of the storage medium employed. Surface staining demonstrated the preservation and stability of color and optical properties under the influence of toothbrush abrasion and chemical trauma.