• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1971

On the assumption that the supplementation of certain nutrients or foods to the rice diet (low protein, low fat, and low vitamins) may decrease, to some extent, the degree of suffering from abnormal environments, such as vibration, noises, gases, dusts, smog etc. a series of experiments were started. As the first report the nutrition under vibration was studied in this experiment. Sixty (60) young growing male rats weighing about 65 grams were used, grouping to five (5) groups, twelve (12) rats each group. They were fed on the following five (5) experimental diets: rice diet (basal diet), rice diet+casein, rice diet+vitamins, rice $diet+{\alpha}-tocopherol$, and rice diet+ginseng powder (see the tables 1 and 2) for the period of 14 weeks experiment. During the experiment period the half number of the rats of each group were exposed to the three (3) hours vibration every day. The protective effect of each diet against the vibration may be summarized as follows. 1. The growth of rice diet group was impaired significantly under vibration, However, those of other groups (protein-supplemented, vitamin-supplemented, ${\alpha}-tocopherol-supplemented$ and ginseng-supplemented groups) were impaired much less compared with rice diet group. 2. The feed efficiency of the rice diet group was decreased significantly under vibration. It is estimated that the biological availability of nutrients was impaired under this environment. On the other hand, the feed efficiencies of protein supplemented, of vitamin supplemented, and of ginseng supplemented groups were not decreased under vibration, statistically. 3. There is tendency that the food spillages of vibration groups are higher than those of non-vibration groups. Especially it seems true in the case of rice diet group. The food spillage may be, to some extent, related with mental nervousness of animals. From the point that the food spillage of ginseng supplemented group is significantly lower than those of other groups it is thought ginseng acts some good role in protecting nervous system from suffering from vibration. 4. In all groups except protein supplemented group, liver fat of vibration group tends to be higher than that of non-vibration group. 5. It shows that, in general, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of the vibration group is significantly higher than that of the non-vibration group. It seems that there may be, to some extent, corelation between the amount of liver fat and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. 6. There is tendency that, in rice diet group, the organs of vibration group are smaller than those of non-vibration group, especially lung is so. It is thought that this may be due to the poor growth of whole body size in vibration group.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2010

This study is aimed to test physiological and hematological actions of Rheum palmatum through clinical pilot study optimized for usual oriental medicine prescription. Thirty-one cases were finally collected and the sample extract 100 $m{\ell}$ of Rheum palmatum (ERP) was administered two times in a day during 3 days and checked with blood CBC test, urinalysis, liver function test, abdominal X-ray as well as general diagnostic process of oriental medicine; pattern identification, assessment of shapes and constitution. The total toxic effective rate of ERP was 9.68% in 3 cases of the whole in case of consistent uneasy state in the subjective symptomatic assessment and aggravation of blood and urine examination. The relevant diagnostic factors were so-eum constitution and essence type subject, carapaces species, lung type in the aspect of Jisan shape theory. On the other hand, the positive effective rate of ERP was 29.03% manifesting improvement of vital signs or present illness and no abnormal changes of blood chemistry and urinalysis and simple abdomen radiology. The relevant diagnostic factors were tae-eum constitution, energy type subject, aves species, heart and liver type in Jisan's shape theory. And the other cases were manifesting no specific change through the administration of ERP. The ratio of the numbers of decrease and increase was 44:5 in the tenderness and hardness of abdominal palpation. But if the pattern identification doesn't comply with the aim of rhubarb application despite of constipation and abdominal pain, the tendeness and biochemical report was shown in abnormal change. The mean number of diarrhea by ERP was $16.77{\pm}6.95$ during 3 days after administration, and the frequent areas of abdominal pain were lower>middle>upper in order, and it meant the target site of ERP too. Besides, the toxic reaction against ERP was expressed highly in case of decrease in blood cell count and hemoglobin, hematocrit having blood deficiency syndrome. Likewise, the toxicity of ERP was influenced by pattern identification manifesting present disease condition and diagnostic factors of four constitutions, Jisan's shape theory collaterally. In conclusion, evaluation of herbal toxicity in order for using as a clinical guideline, various diagnostic pattern information and shape features like the above should be studied together with other pharmacologic toxicology test for the future.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 IGFs를 다양한 기능성 유제품에 적용하기 전에 먼저 상업용 IGFs 및 초유로부터 분리.정제된 IGFs의 안전성을 평가하여 새로운 기능성 소재로서의 IGFs의 가능성을 검토해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 독성평가에서 기본적으로 수행되고 있는 단회투여독성시험과 반복투여독성시험을 실시하였다. 단회투여독성시험에서는 R&D Systems사의 Recombinant Human IGF- I 을 시험물질로 하고 생후 4주된 Sprague-Dawley계(♂) 흰쥐(rat)를 실험동물로 하여 개체당 0, 10, 20, 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$씩 투여하는 시험군을 설정한 후, 꼬리정 꼬리정맥에 주사하여 20일간 관찰하면서 체중변화, 식이섭취변화를 측정하고 최종적으로 부검하여 육안검사 및 간장, 신장, 비장에 대한 병리조직검사를 실시한 결과, 명확한 이상소견이 나타나지 않아 모든 시험군에서 급성독성이 확인되지 않았다. 반복투여독성시험에서는 초유로부터 분리.정제된 IGF- I 을 시험물질로 하고 생후 4주된 Sprague-Dawley계(♂) 흰쥐(rat)를 실험동물로 하여 개체당 0, 5, 10, 15 $\mu\textrm{g}$씩 투여하는 시험군을 설정한 후, 14일간 반복적으로 강제경구투여하면서 임상증상을 관찰하면서 체중변화, 식이섭취변화를 측정하였고 최종적으로 부검하여 육안검사 및 간장, 신장, 비장에 대한 병리조직검사를 실시한 결과, 명확한 이상소견이 나타나지 않아 모든 투여농도에서 반복투여독성시험을 비롯한 기본적인 독성평가에 있어서 초유 내 IGF-I의 안전성에는 명확한 이상소견이 없는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.272-288
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute(4 hrs) and repeated-dose(6 hrs a day, 5 days a week, 8 weeks) toxic effects of 1-bromopropane(1-BP) on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats which were treated by inhalation. The results were as follows ; 1. The median lethal concentration($LC_{50}$) was estimated 14,374 ppm(confidence limit 95% ; 13,624~15,596 ppm) in acute inhalation. Abnormal clinical signs related to the 1-BP were not observed with the acute inhalation dose. Gross findings of necropsy revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to the 1-BP. 2. By sub-acute inhalation the body weights of male and female were significantly reduced(p<0.001) by the dose of 1,800 ppm compared with control group, while the relative weights of liver were significantly increased(p<0.001) in both sexes. However there were no significant variation in food consumption, urine biochemistry, hematology and blood biochemistry for the exposed rats compared with the control rats. Abnormal clinical signs and gross findings of necropsy related to the 1-BP were not shown. No toxicologic lesions were observed by the histopathological test.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

To evaluate the effectiveness of central venous catheters(CVCs) in children, 320 CVCs placed in 255 neonate and children over a 10-year period were analyzed retrospectively. CVC was placed by one pediatric surgeon for a total of 6, 116 patients days. Catheters were placed preoperatively for TPN or chemo in 223 cases. CVC was solely for TPN in 57 cases and for chemotherapy in 40. Local anesthesia was utilized in 71 cases, and the general anesthesia was administered in the remainder of the patients. The subclavian vein was catheterized(SCV) in 202 cases(82 infants and neonates), tunneled external jugular venotomy(EJV) was utilized in 38, tunneled internal jugular venotomy(UV) in 2, the facial venotomy(FV) was used in 3, and the umbilical vein was catheterized UVC) with vein transposition in 74 infants. In neonates, 72 UVCs were placed during laparotomy. SCV was increased with ages, from 3 kg of minimal body weight. The average catheter-periods over-all were 19.1 days, SCV 17 days, EJV 40, IJV 60 and UVC 14. Technical complications were; arterial puncture(6), puncture failure(5) and abnormal location(12) in SCV; insertion failure(3) in EJV; abnormal location in the portal vein(4) and the liver parenchyma(2) cystic fluid accumulations in UVC. Twelve migrations(3.8 %) out of position occurred; SCV(2), EJV(1) and UVC(9). There were 4 cases(1.2 %) of catheter obstruction and 11(3.4 %) of catheter infection(3 SCV, 2 EJV and 6 UVC). Rescue procedures were utilized with some success. There was one mortality(0.3 %) due to deep sedation in a 1.06 kg baby during placement of an EJV. The surgeon's experience, proper catheter selection and following safety rules are the most important factors for successful CVCs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

We studied a comparison of the concentration of biochemical markers in sera of patients hospitalized with high fever (n=296) in Jeonbuk province during the last 2 years (2008 to 2009). The patients were divided into three patient groups of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) patient group tested positive for Hantavirus (n=53), leptospirosis (LEP) patient group tested positive for Leptospira interrogans (n=137) and scrub typhus (TSU) patient group tested positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi (n=106). We analyzed the concentration of ALP, AST, ALT, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose and compared the mean levels of them to normal range, the first sample and last sample. The frequencies of abnormal patient elevated above the upper limit of normal for ALP, AST and ALT were 18~43.4%, 78~97% and 62.3~92.7% in patient groups, and 24.5~47.4% (total protein) and 13.2~50.0% (albumin) of patients in patient groups had decreased below the lower limit of normal. The patients showed higher abnormal levels of glucose in patient groups were 58.5% (viral hemorrhagic fever patient group), 66.4% (leptospirosis patient group), 71.7% (scrub typhus patient group) and 66.9% (total patient group). There were significant difference between the first sample and the last sample in the mean levels of AST (decreased 22.2% in viral hemorrhagic fever patient group, 30.2% in leptospirosis patient group, 20.4% in scrub typhus patient group and 24.1% in total patient group), BUN (43.0% in viral hemorrhagic fever patient group, 41.6% in leptospirosis patient group, 47.4% in scrub typhus patient group and 43.0% in total patient group) and glucose (20.2% viral hemorrhagic fever patient group, 17.9% in leptospirosis patient group, 18.6% in scrub typhus patient group and 18.9% in total patient group) in the first sample and the last sample. According to these results, those diseases may cause liver damage and have high concentration of ALP, AST, ALT and glucose in blood even though the patients get out of the hospital.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.408-411
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• 2005

Schistosomus reflexus is the most common monstrosity found in cases of bovine dystocia and it occurs mostly in cattle. Caesarian section performed and retracted abnormal foetus from dystocia in Holstein cow. It was the first observed schistosomus reflexus Holstein calf in Korea. The body and chest walls were bent laterally and dorsally leaving the thoracic and abdominal viscera exposed. Clefts of the sternum from part of the defect in which there is, simultaneously, lordosis, dorsal reflection of the ribs and complete eventration of viscera, severe ventral curvature of the spinal column, non-union of the pelvic symphysis and dorsal reflection of the pelvic bones with the occiput of the head lying near the sacrum. The limbs are usually ankylosed. The liver was abnormal in shape and cystic in nature. The lung was smaller and thymus were bigger than those of the normal calf, The ruminant stomach was normal, however, abomasum distended with amnionic fluid. The other organ including heart, spleen and internal organ have normal shape.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1994

저자들은 만성 심방성 세동환자에서 amiodarone 저용량으로 사용하던 중 폐독성이 발생된 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2009

Objectives: To evaluate the acute toxic effects and approximate lethal dose of Cheonggan extracts (CGX) in SD rats and beagle dogs. Methods: Male and female rats were divided into 4 groups (Control, CGX 1250, CGX 2500, CGX 5000) respectively and male and female dogs were divided into two groups respectively (Control, CGX 5000) respectively. A single oral dose of CGX was treated to the rats and dogs. Mortality, signs of gross toxicity, and behavioral changes were observed over 14 days. All animals were observed every hour for 4 hours after administration and once a day thereafter for 14 days. Body weights were determined at $0_{th}$, $7_{th}$, and $14_{th}$ days. All surviving animals were sacrificed and necrotized. Major organs were inspected visually for gross findings. Results: No animals died in any of the groups during the experimental period (2 weeks), rats or dogs. Body weights of rats and dogs during the experiment continuously increased in all groups but there was no significant change. No abnormal clinical signs were observed for 2 weeks after a single administration of CGX in any dose group of CGX, rats or dogs. No abnormal findings in major organs were observed in any group of rats or dogs. Conclusion: CGX does not have acute toxic effects in rats or dogs. Therefore, an approximate lethal dose is assumed to exceed 5000 mg/kg in both rats and dogs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2007

The factors and mechanisms by infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi caused disease are not well understood. The onset of tsutsugamushi disease is characterized by chilliness, fever, malaise, headache and generalized aching. Infection of tsutsugamushi is the cause of impairment of function of a major organ often complicate the picture and immediately change the prognosis for the worse. Tsutsugamushi disease is reported that this disease is characterized by the histopathogenesis of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the variation of biochemical components in serum of tsutsugamushi disease patient are not clear. We analyzed total protein (TP), albumin (AL), aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLD), cholesterol (CHOL) and total bilirubin (TB) in sera of patients with tsutsugamushi disease. In comparison with reference, total protein and albumin were abnormally decreased in 19.6% and 39.2% of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, UN, glucose, cholesterol and total bilirubin were abnormally increased in 94.1 %, 72.5%, 25.5%, 15.7%, 9.8%, 62.7%, 25.5% and 6.0% of patients, respectively. The patients showed abnormal relative rate of protein electrophoretic fractions to total protein in serum compared to them of reference were 43.1% (albumin), 12.9% ($\alpha_1$-globulin), 58.8% ($\alpha_2$-globulin), 60.8% ($\beta$-globulin) and 70.6% ($\gamma$-globulin), respectively. These data suggest that infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi causes impairment of function of a major organ and abnormal serum protein electrophoresis fractions to tsutsugamushi patients.