• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 2012

4D-Radiation Therapy is the optimal treatment to track moving organs(tumor) and give the appropriate prescription dose to tumor and low radiation dose to normal tissue surrounding tumor volume. The ABCHES is a 4DRT devices maintaining shallow breathing to patients. It allows the tumor's movement was minimize. Meanwhile, Abdominal compression device is limited the breath compressing abdomen on patients. In this paper we will quantitative analysis the movement of tumor on only ABCHES versus ABCHES with Abdomal compression device and Analysis tumor dose and normal tissue's dose by Dose Volume Histogram on two parts. The result of Comparision ABCHES and ABCHES with Abdominal compression device, SI(Superior-Inferior) direction, AP(Anterior-Posterior) direction and LR(Left-Right) direction was limited 1.0 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm(average). and also reduction rate of voluume in HPTV was $16{\pm}2%$, and LPTV was $15.8{\pm}0.8%$ under only using ABCHES and ABCHES with compression. The analysis dose volume histogram was more radiation dose in ABCHES and abdominal compression device than only using ABCHES, and less normal tissue-ipsilateral lung, whole lung, kidney-dose in ABCHES and abdominal compression device than only using ABCHES. The overall analysis was ABCHES with abdominal compression better than only using ABCHES method. In hereafter it will be studies that limitation of ABCHES and abdomonal compression device. In other words, patient's discomfort on compression intensity, method of application on patient with inaccurate respiration cycle.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.33
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the inter-fractional position and respiratory reproducibility of lung and liver tumors using pressure conserving type(P-type) abdominal compressor in volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT). Materials and methods: Six lung cancer patients and three liver cancer patients who underwent VMAT using a P-type abdominal compressor were included in this study. Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) images were acquired before each treatment and compared with planning CT images to evaluate the inter-fractional position reproducibility. The position variation was defined as the difference of position shift values between target matching and bone matching. 4-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography(4D CBCT) images were acquired weekly before treatment and compared with planning 4DCT images to evaluate the inter-fractional respiratory reproducibility. The respiratory variation was calculated by the magnitude of excursions by breathing. Results: The mean ± standard deviation(SD) of overall position variation values, 3D vector in the three translational directions were 1.1 ± 1.4 mm and 4.5 ± 2.8 mm for the lung and liver, respectively. The mean ± SD of respiratory variation values were 0.7 ± 3.4 mm (p = 0.195) in the lung and 3.6 ± 2.6 mm (p < 0.05) in the liver. Conclusion: The use of P-type compressor in lung and liver VMAT was effective for stable control of inter-fractional position and respiratory variation by reproduction of abdominal compression. Appropriate PTV margin must be considered in treatment planning, and image guidance before each treatment are required in order to obtain more stable reproducibility

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.961-974
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• 1997

The ZZimzilbang is a room where many women eagerly go due to the special meaning women give to it related to their health. It is a different type of sauna room which maintains low degree of temperature, consisting of an Ondol room(Korean under-floor heating system, hypocaust) built with mineral stone radiating ultrared rays. Even though many women mention that they utilize it for health, there is no precise evidence of the effects on their health. This ethnographic study sought to define the phenomenon from the perspective of the women who experienced the ZZimzilbang. A convenience sample of 27 women was interviewed during a 15 month period from December 1995 to July 1997 in 12 ZZimzilbangs located in Seoul, Korea. The mean ages of the women 57.3 years ; seventeen women were housekeeper and only eight women had job : twenty women were married and three women among them were widows. The main reasons women patronize the place are : for mitigation and healing of physical signs and symptoms : composure ; safe lodging and boarding : control of outward appearance : control of health ; meeting and fellowship with friends : and custom. The outcomes of the utilization of the place were : mitigation of physical signs and symptoms : psychological tranquility : cosmetic and diet ; good use of spare time : and utilization of services provided there. Most women who visited ZZimzilbang for relief of physical signs and symptoms strongly mentioned a correlation to inadequate Sanhujori, the traditional postpartal and postabortal care for woman. Some of specific kinds of services provided in that place were alternative therapy such as acupuncture, negative cupping, finger-pressure, mugwort steam and various kinds of massage including massage of blood vessels that are influenced by Oriental medicine ; health education of breathing such as abdominal breathing or Danjeon(단전호흡) : and selling of many things including health foods, drugs for osteoporosis, and eutrophics. This study suggests that professional caregivers should further study this phenomenon for the development of adequate care of women with a resulting important in their quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2008

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is occurred by apnea by the obstruction of upper trachea while sleeping, followed by repetitive drop on arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$). Therefore, the present study was focused on relation between $SpO_2$ of while having difficulty in breathing and clinical characteristics of OSAS while sleeping. The study took place at Ewha women university Mokdong hospital with 149 subjects (male 121, female 28) who were examined for polysomnography (PSG) from May 2007 to February 2008. All subjects were adhered to electrodes and sensors to measure electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), chin & leg electromyogram (EMG), airflow at nasal and oral cavities, breathing movement of chest and abdominal snoring sound and $SpO_2$. Lowest $SpO_2$ in male was meaningfully low with higher body mass index (BMI), louder snoring sound and thick neck circumference (p<0.01). While mean $SpO_2$ based on the degree of AHI did not show significant difference, lowest $SpO_2$ was significantly low with high AHI (p<0.001). Also, lowest $SpO_2$ was closely correlated with BMI (r=-00.343, p<0.001), snoring sound (r=0.177, p<0.05), apnea index (r=-0.589, p<0.001), hypopnea index (r=-0.336, p<0.001) and apnea-hypopnea index (r=-0.664, p<0.001). $SpO_2$ was closely related to clinical characteristics of OSAS, like male, BMI, snoring sound and neck circumference. Also, polysomnography accompanied by recent development of sleep study is considered as critical test to diagnose OSAS, decide the severity of illness, and evaluate the treatment plan.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

Objectives There was a correlation between respiratory index and Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, no study has examined the relationship between hyperventilation and POMS. Therefore, this study showed differences in POMS subscales and respiratory patterns between hyperventilation group and normal group. Methods 20 healthy men and women were to complete Nijmegen and Korean-Profile of Mood States(K-POMS) questionnaire aimed at subjects (13 men, 12 women). By attaching a capnometer to the nasal cavity portion, end-tidal $PCO_2$ was measured. Also, marker was attached at Zhangmen, Juque, Shuifen. The movement of the marker was taken as a web cam. Statistical analysis Mann Whitney U test was used for the nonparametric methods. Results In the subscale of K-POMS were significant differences(Tension-0.001, Anger-0.007, Fatigue-0.002, Depression -0.004) between the normal group and the group with the hyperventilation. In addition, between the two groups were obtained a significant result(0.046) in the movement of the Shuifen acupoint. Conclusions Nijmegen questionnaire score is higher, the higher negative subscale scores of K-POMS. Also, differences in Nijmegen questionnaire score may help to determine the presence or absence of the abdominal breathing.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.175-182
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a study compared and analyzed the CPR results and muscle fatigue of the three groups. There is a group that counts loudly when compressing the mannequin's chest (Group A), a group that breathes autonomously without counting (Group B), and a group that breathes abdominally without counting (Group C). Twelve people were assigned to each group, and after performing chest compressions for 5 minutes, the results of CPR were analyzed using a program connected to the mannequin, and the muscle fatigue of the performers was analyzed using wireless electromyography. The most efficient method was found to be group B. If we only look at the speed and depth of compression within the normal range, Group C would be more efficient, but Group B showed significantly lower muscle fatigue, and Group A did not reach the normal range in depth of chest compression and muscle fatigue was the highest. Group B was also found to be the most accurate in hand positioning accuracy, and was also found to be the most efficient in maintaining concentration on chest compressions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.86-89
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• 2002

The purpose is to develop a system to reduce the organ movement from the respiration during the 3DCRT or IMRT. This research reports the experience of utilizing personally developed system for mobile tumors. The patients clinical database was structured for 10 mobile tumors and patient setup error measurement and immobilization device effects were investigated. The RMRD system is composed of the respiratory motion reduction device utilized in prone position and abdominal strip device(ASD) utilized in the supine position, and the analysis program, which enables the analysis on patients setup reproducibility. Dose to normal tissue between patients with RMRDs and without RMRDs was analyzed by comparing the normal tissue volume, field margins and dose volume histogram(DVH) using fluoroscopy and CT images. And, reproducibility of patients setup verify by utilization of digital images. When patients breathed freely, average movement of diaphragm was 1.2 cm in prone position in contrast to 1.6 cm in supine position. In prone position, difference in diaphragm movement with and without RMRDs was 0.5 cm and 1.2 cm, respectively, showing that PTV margins could be reduced to as much as 0.7 cm. With RMRDs, volume of the irradiated normal tissue (lung, liver) reduced up to 20 % in DVH analysis. Also by obtaining the digital image, reproducibility of patients setup verify by visualization using the real-time image acquisition, leading to practical utilization of our software. Internal organ motion due to breathing can be reduced using RMRDs, which is simple and easy to use in clinical setting. It can reduce the organ motion-related PTV margin, thereby decrease volume of the irradiated normal tissue.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.129-147
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of deep breathing exercise with Incentive Spirometer on the pulmonary ventilatory function of postoperative patients. This experiment was operated by quasi-experimental design which was compared pre-experimental measures with post-experimental ones. The subject of this study was 46 inpatients who were scheduled for elective upper abdominal surgery under the general anesthesia in P National University Hospital in Pusan and classified into the experimental group(23 patients) and control group(23 patients) by using Incentive Spirometer or unusing one. The data were collected from November, 1, 1993, to December, 31, 1993. The effects of the deep breathing exercise on the pulmonary ventilatory function were compared between experimental group who were recieved deep breathing exercise with Incentive Spirometer and control group who were recieved same method without Incentive Spirometer. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and the First Second Forced Expiratory Volume ($FEV_1$) were represented as index of the pulmonary ventilatory function and those were measured by Vitalograph Compact. The collected data were analysed by SPSS/PC+ (percentage, average, standard deviation, chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA). The results were as follow : (1) The $FVC_s$ of the experimental group were significantly increased in course of time, 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery(F=3.530, P=0.035). (2) The $FVC_s$ and $FEV_{1S}$ of the control group were significantly increased in course of time, 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery ($FVC_s$ : F=3.480, P=0.037, $FEV_{1S}$ : F=6. 153, P=0.004). (3) The FVC which was measured at 72 hours after surgery was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(t=2.620, P=0.013). (4) The $FEV_{1s}$ which were measured at 24 and 72 hours after surgery were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(24hr. : t=2.530, P=0.017, 72hr. : t=2.540, P=0.016). (5) Among general characteristics, sex was significant variable which influenced to effect of pulmonary ventilatory function. In conclusion, this study showed that the deep breathing exercise with Incentive Spirometer was more effective to recover the pulmonary ventilatory function after surgery than the deep breathing exercise without Incentive Spirometer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 1992

Postoperative hypoxemia in the absence of hypoventilation occurs more often after thoracic or upper abdominal surgery than lower abdominal operations or surgery on extremities. Although the factors which produce postoperative alveolar collapse have not been fully evaluated, the dominant factor of postoperative hypoxia is shunt of blood passing collapsed alveoli and the postoperative pain is associated with restriction of depth of breathing, sighing and movement. In 1979, the first successful clinical usage of epidurally administered morphine was done by Behar and associates for control of postoperative pain. This study was carried out for twenty patients who received posterolateral thoracostomy with Bled resection between May 1990 and May 1991 and who were primary spontaneous recurrent pneumothoraxes. We selected ten of twenty patients, one after the other and treated with epidural analgesia as study group and the remainder ten were grouped as control. Epidural catheters were inserted for study group before operation through T12-L1, 2 interspinous process at the pain clinic or operation room by anesthesiogist and then the drugs[0.25% Bupivacaine 15ml mixing with morphine 3mg] were instillated through the catheter before extubarion and once a day until 4th day, and the patients of control group were treated intermittently by Demerol 50mg intramuscularly for postoperative pain control. The epidural catheters were removed at postoperative 4th day. Observations were done about vital aigns, a-BGA, tidal volume, FVC and occurence of adverse effects during postoperative 2hr, 8hr, 1st day, 2nd day, 7th day in both groups. The results were as follows; [1] Tidal volume[85.1$\pm$29.8%R VS 60.8$\pm$20.5%R, p<0.05] and FVC[53.7$\pm$14.2%R, VS 35.5$\pm$9.l%R, p<0.01] were significantly improved in study group compared with control group during the first day of operation. [2] But the improvement of FVC was delayed after stopping of epidural analgesia[postoperative 7th day, 97.5$\pm$12.3%R VS 83.9$\pm$15.6%R, P <0.05]. [3] Others were statistically not significant. [4] The side effects of epidural analgesia were identified such as urinary retention[2 cases], itching sensation[1 case] and headache[1 case], but there was no need for active treatments.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

The "Somun Jogyongron(素問 調經論)" describes excess and deficiency syndromes. The study suggests that excess syndrome(實證) is caused by vigorous pathogenic fire(火邪)(the spirit(神)), pathogenic dryness(燥邪)(Gi(氣)), pathogenic wind(風邪)(blood(血)), pathogenic dampness(濕邪)(physique(形)) or pathogenic coldness(寒邪)(will(志)). When pathogenic fire is dominant within the body, Gi and blood becomes excessive and come out of the body, but the body cannot take them back, leading to the symptom in which the patient cannot stop laughing. When pathogenic dryness prevails, the lung(肺) cannot function properly. This means that the convergence(收斂) function of the clearing the lung and descending Gi(肅降) is deteriorated, and the patient shows symptoms of dyspnea and cough. Strong pathogenic wind increases the ascencling Gi in the liver(肝氣) and fuel angry emotion when the patient becomes upset. When pathogenic dampness is dominant, spleen(脾) function drops due to lumping effects, and the patient will experience abdominal distention(腹脹), which will disturb urination and defecation. When pathogenic coldness prevails, abdominal distention occurs due to condensating effects, and Yang Gj(陽氣) in the kidney(腎) is disturbed, leading to digestion disorders and eventually water-grain dysentery. Deficiency syndrome is caused by the lack of essential Gi(精氣) in the five viscera(五藏). Deficiency of sprit means the lack of Gi in the heart(心氣), so the patient becomes vulnerable to sadness. Deficiency of Gi means the lack of Gi in the lung(肺氣), so the patient may have breathing disorders. Deficiency of blood means the lack of Gi in the Liver(肝氣), so the patient can be easily scared. Deficiency of physique means the lack of Gi in the spleen(脾氣), making it difficult to use arms and legs. Deficiency of will means the lack of Gi in the kidney(腎氣), so Gowl syndrome(厥證) can ensue.