• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2006

Paclitaxel is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of human solid tumors. Multicellular resistance(MCR) is considered to be a major mechanism of resistance of human solid tumors to chemotherapeutic agent such as paclitaxel, which includes barriers to drug penetration through tumor tissues. Multicellular layers(MCL) cultures resemble in vivo tumor condition in terms of MCR and has been used successfully to produce clinically relevant data. In the present study, we evaluated the penetration characteristics and post-penetration anti-proliferative activity of paclitaxel using MCL of human colorectal cancer cells(DLD-1 and HT-29) grown in Transwell inserts. The penetration of $[^{14}C]-paclitaxel$ was slower than that of mannitol which penetrates via paracellular pathway in DLD-1 MCL. The penetration of $[^{14}C]-paclitaxel$ was faster in HT-29 MCL compared to DLD-1 MCL, i.e., at 10 ${\mu}M$ 100% and 40% penetration were observed after 48 hr incubation for HT-29 and DLD-1 cells, respectively. When calculated using anti-proliferative activity in the conditioned media of bottom chamber, the penetration after 24 hr was very limited(less than 50%) and concentration-dependent at the concentrations tested in both MCL's. These results suggest that limited and differential penetration of paclitaxel in tumor tissues may contribute to lower and differential efficacy against human solid tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

Background: Surgeon satisfaction and patient analgesia during the procedure of laparoscopic surgery are important issues. The aim of this work was to study if an intrathecal (IT) Bupivacaine combined with Magnesium sulfate may or may not provide good surgeon satisfaction in addition to improvement of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Methods: Sixty female patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial study. All patients were operated for gynecological laparoscopic surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups (Bupivacaine and Magnesium). Group Bupivacaine (30 patients) received intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% only (15 mg), while 30 patients in group Magnesium received intrathecal Bupivacaine (15 mg) in addition to intrathecal Magnesium sulfate (50 mg). The sensory block level, the intensity of motor block, the surgeon satisfaction, the intraoperative visual analog scale (VAS) for pain assessment, the postoperative VAS, and side effects were recorded during the intraoperative period and within the first 24 hours after surgery in the post-anesthesia care unit. Results: Surgeon satisfaction, intraoperative shoulder pain, postoperative pain after 2 h, and perioperative analgesic consumption (ketorolac) were significant better in group Magnesium than in group Bupivacaine. (P < 0.05). The onset of motor and sensory blocks was significant longer in group Magnesium than the other one. The incidence of PONV, pruritus and urinary retention was insignificant statistically between both groups. Conclusions: Magnesium sulfate if used intrathecally as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine would provide a better surgeon satisfaction and would improve the analgesic effect of spinal anesthesia used for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

The impact of graphene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates on the response of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) due to mechanical deflection was investigated. For this purpose, four FBGs with grating lengths of 5, 15, 25, and 35.9 mm were utilized. Higher sensitivity was found for FBGs of larger grating length and for those bonded to graphene substrate. It was concluded that FBGs of smaller grating length (5 and 15 mm) were more sensitive in compression mode, while those of larger grating length (25 and 35.9 mm) were seen to be highly sensitive in tension mode.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2007

Electron beam weldability was investigated for 1mm thick cold rolled sheets of commercially pure grade titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Accelerating voltage of 40kV, beam current of 6mA, and weld speed of 0.8m/min was used and focal position of focused electron beam was just on the surface of workpiece. Microstructure of weld metal, the heat affected zone and base metal was observed using optical microscope. Vickers hardness was measured across the welds and the transverse tensile test was carried out. Hydroformability test was also carried out for the butt welded coupons of commercially pure grade titanium. For the electron beam welded C P Ti, the average grain size was equiaxed $\alpha(15{\sim}25{\mu}m)$ for base metal, coarse equiaxed $\alpha(80{\sim}200{\mu}m)$ for weld metal and annealed and enlarged grain($40{\sim}120{\mu}m$) for the HAZ. The vickers hardness of C P Ti was $180{\sim}200Hv$ for base metal, and $160{\sim}180Hv$ for the weld metal and the HAZ. For the electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the vickers hardness was 360Hv for the base metal, abd $400{\sim}425Hv$ for the weld metal and the HAZ. All the failure occurred at the base metal, when the transverse weld tensile test was carried out for both electron beam welded C P Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The formability of electron beam welded C P Ti was decreased compared with that of C P Ti base alloy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between rotation of the humerus and the shoulder movement in the sagital, coronal, and diagonal planes. Thirty normal subjects(15 male. 15 female)were tested using Cybex NORMTM Testing & Rehabilitation System (CYBEX Division of LUMEX, Inc., Ronkinkoma, New York). The subjects performed active shoulder flexion, abduction and PNF patterns. The range of motion(ROM) of the glenohumeral joint was measured three times. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results. the independent t-test. and a pearson's correlation were applied of the .05 and .01 level of significant. The results of this study were as follow ;1. There were statistically significant differences between shoulder flexion with humerus medial rotation and shoulder flexion with humerus lateral rotation(p <.01). 2. There were statistically significant differences between shoulder abduction with humerus medial rotation and shoulder abduction with humerus lateral rotation(p <.01). 3. There were statistically significant differences between PNF pattern(flex-abd-ext rot) with humerus medial rotation and PNF pattern with humerus lateral rotation(p < .01).For effective rehabilitation of the shoulder, physical therapists must have correct knowledge of shoulder movements. Physical therapists should consider these results when the goal of treatment is to increase ROM of the shoulder.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 과일 폐액으로부터 고정화 세포를 이용하여 수소생산을 위한 배양조건을 조사하였다. 각종 과일 폐액 중에 수박 폐액에서 환원당의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 수소생산량은 2319.2 mL/L이었다. 고정화 물질 sodium alginate의 농도와 크기에 따른 수소생산성 효과는 검토범위 내에서는 적었다. 고정화된 비드의 내부 관찰에서 세포가 왕성하게 생육하고 있음을 확인했다. 대사의 효소물질로 이용될 수 있는 각종 아미노산의 첨가는 종류에 관계없이 수소생산성에 영향을 거의 미치지 않았다. 금속이온 $FeSO_4$를 첨가한 결과 최적 농도는 1.2 g/L이고, 1.3배의 수소생산 증가를 나타났다. 수소생산정지 후 배양액의 유기산은 lactic acid와 butyic acid가 가장 많았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2016

Background: Ovarian cancer remains a major worldwide health care issue due to the lack of satisfactory diagnostic methods for early detection of the disease. Prior studies on the role of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in detecting ovarian cancer presented conflicting results. New tools to improve the accuracy of identifying malignancy are urgently needed. We here aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of tissue CA125 and HE4 gene expression in comparison to serum CA125 and HE4 in discriminating benign from malignant pelvic masses. Materials and Methods: One-hundred Egyptian women were enrolled in this study, including 60 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and 20 benign ovarian tumor patients, as well as 20 apparently healthy women. Preoperative serum levels of CA125 and HE4 were measured by immunoassays. Tissue expression levels of genes encoding CA125 and HE4 were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic performance of CA125 and HE4, measured either as mRNA or protein levels, was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The serum CA125+HE4 combination and serum HE4, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.935 and 0.932, respectively, performed significantly better than serum CA125 (AUC=0.592; P<0.001). Tissue CA125 and HE4 (AUC=1) performed significantly better than serum CA125 (P<0.001), serum HE4 (P=0.016) and the serum CA125+HE4 combination (P=0.018). Conclusions: Measurement of tissue CA125 and HE4 gene expression not only improves discriminatory performance, but also broadens the range of differential diagnostic possibilities in distinguishing EOC from benign ovarian tumors.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권2호통권33호
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• pp.115-137
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• 2006

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Jaundice According to the Morbid Pulse in the Chapter 15 of Synopsis of Golden Chamber sets forth the classification, symptom, method of treatment, formula, prognosis of jaundice. The contents of this chapter can be induced by(from) yellowing and jaundice These two disease patterns assume various aspects of disease cause, pathomechanism, symptom, prognosis, and treatment. Jaundice was at first classified into liquor jaundice,dietary irregularly jaundice, black jaundicem abd sextual taxation jaundice, later classified into liquor jaundice, dietary irregularly jaundice, black jaundice, sextual tatation jaundice, and yellow sweat. the disease cause and pathomechanism of jaundice are said to be said to be due to the damp-heat, which is attacked with the evil of wind and dampness to affect the spleen-stomach and the liver. and to the inveterate drinking, damage by food, sextual taxation jaundice, sextual taxation, and vacuity taxation. This chapter mainly refers to jaundice as damp-heat, so that it lays down fundamental principles of clear heat and disinhibit dampness. In the prognosis of jaundice, ingibited urination shows symptoms of jaundice, and neither urination nor damp-heat develops symptoms of jaundice. and jaundice with thirst is difficult to cure, and that the symptoms of the abdominal fullness is also difficult to cure, while jaundice without thirst is ease to cure. Of the 18 days of suffering from jaundice, the symptoms of jaundice get better before and after 10 days. I think, however, that getting worse of its symptoms makes more meaningful clinically.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2012

A thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus F1 produces an extremely thermostable serine protease. The F1 protease sequence was used to predict its three-dimensional (3D) structure to provide better insights into the relationship between the protein structure and biological function and to identify opportunities for protein engineering. The final model was evaluated to ensure its accuracy using three independent methods: Procheck, Verify3D, and Errat. The predicted 3D structure of F1 protease was compared with the crystal structure of serine proteases from mesophilic bacteria and archaea, and led to the identification of features that were related to protein stabilization. Higher thermostability correlated with an increased number of residues that were involved in ion pairs or networks of ion pairs. Therefore, the mutants W200R and D58S were designed using site-directed mutagenesis to investigate F1 protease stability. The effects of addition and disruption of ion pair networks on the activity and various stabilities of mutant F1 proteases were compared with those of the wild-type F1 protease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2006

CKD-602 exerts its antitumor effect via inhibition of topoisomerase I in cancer cells. Multicellular spheroid (MCS) and Multicellular layers (MCLs) are known as in vitro 3-dimensional models which closely represent tumor conditions in vivo. In order to investigate the potential of CKD-602 against human colorectal tumors, we evaluated the anti-proliferative activity and penetration ability of CKD-602 in MCS and MCL cultures of DLD-l human colorectal cancer cells, respectively. The maximum effects($E_{max}$) induced by CKD-602 were significantly lower in MCS compared to monolayers (48% vs 92%). With prolonged drug exposure, the $IC_{50's}$ of CKD-602 decreased to $23.5{\pm}1.0nM$ in monolayers after 24 h exposure and $42.3{\pm}1.7nM$ in MCS after 6 days, respectively. However, no further increase in effect was observed for exposure time longer than growth doubling time (Td) in both cultures. Activity of CKD-602 was significantly reduced after penetration through MCL and also with cell-free insert membrane. In conclusion, CKD-602 showed significantly decreased anti-proliferative activity in 3D cultures (MCS) of human colorectal cancer cells. Tumor penetration of CKD-602 could not be determined due to loss of activity after penetration through cell free insert membrane, which warrants further evaluation using a modified model.