• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2021

Vaccines based on single-cycle viruses that are replication-incompetent due to knockout of replication-related structural gene(s) are more immunogenic than inactivated or subunit vaccines and can be used as delivery vehicles for foreign antigens without concerns on the reverting to virulent forms. The aim of this study was to develop a delivery vehicle for nervous necrosis virus (NNV)-like particles (VLPs) using G gene deleted single-cycle VHSV (rVHSV-𝚫G). Recombinant single-cycle VHSVs carrying NNV capsid protein gene between N and P gene of rVHSV-𝚫G genome (rVHSV-𝚫G-NNV_Cap) were rescued by reverse genetic technology. The successful expression of NNV capsid protein in cells infected with rVHSV-𝚫G-NNV_Cap was demonstrated by Western blot analysis, and the production of NNV VLPs in infected cells was confirmed using an electron microscopy. The results suggest that single-cycle VHSVs can be used as a safe delivery vehicle for NNV VLPs, and can be extended to other pathogens for the development of prophylactic vaccines.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.296-309
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• 2009

Thick-walled cylinder with high pressure have had wide application in the armament industry. In the thick-walled cylinder, fatigue crack is generated at inner radius and developed toward the outer radius. To prevent generation of fatigue crack, the autofrettage process had been used. The compressive residual stress induced by the autofrettage process extends loading pressure and fatigue life of the thick-walled cylinder. In this study, the residual stress of single and compound cylinder by the autofrettage process was evaluated. The analytical compressive residual stress of single cylinder was good agreement with experimental result at inner radius. The analysis on the residual stress of compound cylinder was conducted. The compressive residual stress at inner radius was increased with the overstrain level. And fatigue life of the compound cylinder with initial crack was evaluated. The considered initial crack shape was straight and semi-elliptical. The fatigue life was extended with the overstrain level. The fatigue life of the compound cylinder with semi-elliptical crack was longer than straight crack. The suitable way to extend fatigue life of the compound cylinder was proposed.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.15
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• 2020

Regenerative therapy holds great promise in the development of cures of some untreatable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including induced PSCs (iPSCs) are the most important regenerative seed cells. Recently, differentiation of human PSCs into functional tissues and cells in vitro has been widely reported. However, although porcine reports are rare they are quite essential, as the pig is an important animal model for the in vitro generation of human organs. In this study, we reprogramed porcine embryonic fibroblasts into porcine iPSCs (piPSCs), and differentiated them into cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31)-positive endothelial cells (ECs) (piPSC-derived ECs, piPS-ECs) using an optimized single-layer culture method. During differentiation, we observed that a combination of GSK3β inhibitor (CHIR99021) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promoted mesodermal differentiation, resulting in higher proportions of CD31-positive cells than those from separate CHIR99021 or BMP4 treatment. Importantly, the piPS-ECs showed comparable morphological and functional properties to immortalized porcine aortic ECs, which are capable of taking up low-density lipoprotein and forming network structures on Matrigel. Our study, which is the first trial on a species other than human and mouse, has provided an optimized single-layer culture method for obtaining ECs from porcine PSCs. Our approach can be beneficial when evaluating autologous EC transplantation in pig models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.55
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• pp.113-141
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating roles of children interpersonal relations and mental health in the relationship between parent-child relationships and school life happiness, and the differences between single-parent and two-parent families, using structural equation modeling. Data were obtained from the 2013(second-wave) year of the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study. This study selected 6,643 elementary school 6th-grade students(756 from single-parent families and 5,887 from two-parent families). Data were examined with structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis using AMOS 18.0, and mediating effects were tested using the Sobel test. The results were as follows; First, the single-parent children reported lower levels of interpersonal relations, mental health, and school life happiness than the two-parent children. Second, interpersonal relations and mental health did play a mediating role in the relationship between parent-child relationships and school life happiness. Third, as a result of examining for total effect, the variable that most influenced school life happiness of children was interpersonal relations. Fourth, multi-group analysis did not show a statistically significant difference between single- and two-parent children in structural equation modeling.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.808-817
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-soaking in salt and sugar solution prior to air drying at $50^{\circ}C$ on the characteristics of dried apples. Pre-soaking solutions included single solutions of salt 2% and sugar 2%; and combined solutions of salt 2%+sugar 2% and salt 2%+sugar 5%, respectively. The effects of pre-soaking condition and drying were evaluated in terms of moisture content (MC), water activity, color, antioxidant activity determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, shear force, microbial contents, and sensory evaluation of apple slices. The control sample without pre-soaking showed the most rapid drying rate; in addition, the single solutions showed higher MC and water activity after drying time of 120 min, as compared to combined solutions. In all samples, MC and water activity showed high correlation coefficients of 0.91 to 0.97; whereas, shear force was negatively correlated with MC and water activity. The single solution of salt 2% showed decrease in change of color, including L, a, and b values, and the number of aerobic bacteria during drying. In addition, highest antioxidant activity and values of sensory preferences were observed in the dried apple pre-soaked in single solution of salt 2%.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2011

Objective: To investigate a kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (KLK2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in relation to male infertility because of its role in semen processing. We investigated the genetic association of the KLK2+255G>A genotype with male infertility. Methods: We genotyped the SNP site located in intron 1 (+255G>A, rs2664155) of KLK2 from 218 men with male infertility (cases) and 220 fertile males (controls). Pyrosequencing analysis was performed for the genotyping. Results: The SNP of the KLK2 gene had a statistically significant association with male infertility (p<0.05). The odds ratio for the minor allele (+255A) in the pooled sample was 0.47 (95% confidence intervals, 0.26-0.85) for rs2664155. Conclusion: The relationship of KLK2 SNP to male infertility is statistically significant, especially within the non-azoospermia group. Further study is needed to understand the mechanisms associated with male infertility.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2013

Gene set analysis is a powerful tool for interpreting a genome-wide association study result and is gaining popularity these days. Comparison of the gene sets obtained for a variety of traits measured from a single genetic epidemiology dataset may give insights into the biological mechanisms underlying these traits. Based on the previously published single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data on 8,842 individuals enrolled in the Korea Association Resource project, we performed a series of systematic genome-wide association analyses for 49 quantitative traits of basic epidemiological, anthropometric, or blood chemistry parameters. Each analysis result was subjected to subsequent gene set analyses based on Gene Ontology (GO) terms using gene set analysis software, GSA-SNP, identifying a set of GO terms significantly associated to each trait ($p_{corr}$ < 0.05). Pairwise comparison of the traits in terms of the semantic similarity in their GO sets revealed surprising cases where phenotypically uncorrelated traits showed high similarity in terms of biological pathways. For example, the pH level was related to 7 other traits that showed low phenotypic correlations with it. A literature survey implies that these traits may be regulated partly by common pathways that involve neuronal or nerve systems.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-140
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• 2014

In light of today's socioeconomic scenario, life management skills, especially economic life management skills are essential. This study focuses on a household account book as a tool for economic education. This study aims to assess the characteristics of household economic management in terms of the effect of keeping a household account book on Japanese in their 20s to 30s in a single-family household. It also compares the awareness of the change in economic life behavior between before and after keeping a household account book. Moreover, it analyzes the determinants of continuity in keeping a household account book. This Study used data obtained from an Internet survey of household account books by the Institute for Research on Household Economics in Japan. The study sample consist of 1,255 Japanese in their 20s to 30s who kept household account records for a month as well as preliminary and post-survey information about these people. The results were as follows. First, the average annual income of the subjects was at most 3,000,000 yen; their level of financial assets was at most 1,000,000 yen, their economic life behavior became future-oriented after practice of keep a household account book in that they established a budget and savings plan. Second, keeping a household account book had a positive effect on the people that they have budget and spending plans for the next year. Finally, factors that affected the continuity in keeping a household account book included the experience of keeping one from before.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2014

Gr. 91 steel is used for the major structural components of Generation-IV reactor systems, such as a very high temperature reactor(VHTR) and sodium-cooled fast reactor(SFR). Since these structures are designed for up to 60 years at elevated temperatures, the prediction of long-term creep life is important for a design application of Gr. 91 steel. In this study, a number of creep rupture data were collected through world-wide literature surveys, and using these data, the long-term creep life was predicted in terms of three methods: the single-C method in Larson-Miller(L-M) parameter, multi-C constant method in the L-M parameter, and a modified method("sinh" equation) in the L-M parameter. The results of the creep-life prediction were compared using the standard deviation of error value, respectively. Modified method proposed by the "sinh" equation revealed better agreement in creep life prediction than the single-C L-M method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of kitchen in a single detached house in Jeonju city after 70's. Oral life history method which has 12 women's personal narratives and 17 women's personal narratives with written reports was used as a research method of this study. The results of the study were obtained as follows: 1) It was beginning about late 1970 year that heating system and cooking place were separated in a house. 2) Many kitchens were reconstructed for indoor stand-up work place from late 1970's to the early 1980's. 3) There were major factors such as heating system, cooking fuel, and work center in the change of kitchen in old houses. 4) The kitchen toward the center with a living room was appeared in the floor plan of modem house after 1990's. The symbolic words of the indoor kitchen that work for women were 'warmness' and 'convenience'.