• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권6호통권134호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

임산바이오매스 자원 이용의 일환으로 율추(栗皺) 열수추출물의 디에틸에테르 가용부 및 초산에틸 가용부로부터 칼럼크로마토그래피 등을 이용하여 3종의 물질을 단리하여 화학구조를 동정한 결과, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid 그리고 (+)-catechin을 확인하였다. 이들 단리화합물의 항산화활성을 DPPH 라디칼 전자공여능(EDA)으로 측정한 결과, 10 ppm에서 화합물 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid)와 (+)-catechin은 대조구인 ascorbic acid와 $\alpha$-tocopherol 보다 높게 나타났고, 특히 화합물 gallic acid는 ascorbic acid보다 약 21배, $\alpha$-tocopherol보다 약 6배 높게 나타났으며 화합물 catechin보다 약 2.7배 높게 나타났다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.418-429
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the relationship between Sense of Humor, Coping Humor, Perceived stress and self-esteem in the middle-aged women. Methods: Data were collected from the 20th of June to the 30th of August in 2009 from 145 middle-aged women living in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SPSS/WIN 12.0 program for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean score of the humor sense was $55.94{\pm}6.52$, coping humor was $21.11{\pm}3.82$, perceived stress was $22.21{\pm}3.03$ and self-esteem was $27.50{\pm}2.88$. Subcategories of sense of humor were that emotional expressiveness was average $20.75{\pm}2.70$, meta-message sensitivity was average $20.12{\pm}2.74$ and liking of humor was average $15.13{\pm}3.44$. Sense of humor was difference according to the economic status(t=2.000, p=.047), coping humor was difference according to the on medication use(t=2.227, p=.027). There was a significant correlation between the coping humor, perceived stress and the self-esteem. When the coping humor was higher, perceived stress was lower and the self-esteem was higher. Conclusion: This study showed that medication and economic status influences the humor scores and the sense of humor and coping humor were related to perceived stress and self-esteem in middle-aged women Therefore, these findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing intervention to increase the ability to coping with stress.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

최근 특징 선택에서 개미군집 최적화를 위한 선택적 평가 기법이 제안되었다. 이 기법은 불필요하거나 가능성이 적은 후보 해를 실제 평가 과정에서 제외함으로써 계산량을 줄인다. 실험을 통해 이 기법의 우수성을 보였으나, 하나의 데이터만을 사용하였으므로 통계적으로 충분한 신뢰성을 보여주지 못한다. 이 논문의 목적은 선택적 평가 기법의 수렴 특성을 분석하고 결론의 신뢰성을 높이는 것이다. 실험을 위해 UCI 데이터베이스에서 필기, 의료, 음성에 관련된 세가지 데이터를 선택하였다. 이들의 특징 집합 크기는 256부터 617까지 분포한다. 통계적으로 안정된 데이터를 얻기 위해, 이들 각각에 대해 프로그램을 독립적으로 12번 실행하였다. 긴 시간에 걸친 수렴을 관찰하기 위해, 각각의 프로그램 실행은 72시간 동안 이루어졌다. 실험 데이터의 분석을 바탕으로, 선택적 평가 기법의 우수성에 대한 이유와 이 기법의 적용 범위에 대해 기술한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2003

Objective : To research the trends of study related to tension-type headache and migrain with acupuncture in PubMed, and to establish the hereafter direction of acupuncture. for tension-type headache and migrain. Methods : We searched in PubMed, with tension-type headache, migrain and acupuncture limitted by abstract and enterz data 10 years. Results : 1. The pattern of the study was as follows: Review article(18), Clinical Trials(23), meta analysis(2) and rondomized controlled trials(16). We further estimated 23 articles. 2. Many of these studies provide equivocal results because of designs, sample size and the others, but in the majority of the trials were concludes that acupuncture offers benefits in the treatment of headache. 3. Acupuncture methods need individualization, a carefully selected placebo and cross-over design must have adequate time between the two treatment periods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between dietary intake of citrus fruits and prostate cancer risk. Methods : Authors searched electronic databases and the reference lists of publications of diet and prostate cancer studies until August 2007. All of the epidemiological studies that obtained individual data on dietary intake of citrus fruits and presented risk estimates of the association between intake of citrus fruits and risk of prostate cancer were identified and included. Using general variance-based methods, study-specific odds ratios (OR)/ relative risk (RR) and associated confidence interval (CI)/ standard error (SE) for highest versus lowest intake of citrus fruits level were extracted from each paper. Results : Eleven articles including six case-control studies, one nested case-control study and four cohort studies, proved eligible. Overall summary OR using random effect model did not show an association in risk of prostate caner with intake of citrus fruits (summary OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.89-1.19) with large heterogeneity across studies that we were unable to explain ($I^2$=67.88%). The summary ORs in case-control studies and cohort studies were 1.10 (95% CI=0.97-1.22) and 1.05 (95% CI=0.96-1.14), respectively. Conclusions : Pooled results from observational studies did not show an association between intake of citrus fruits and the risk of prostate cancer, although results vary substantially across studies.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.13-29
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this review is to investigate the use of conventional Western medicine (WM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) on leg cramps. Leg cramps are the occurrence of muscular spasm in the leg muscles which occur frequently in the elderly and are frequently observed in the clinical field. Methods: Relevant clinical studies were searched from five medical databases including PubMed, KISS, RISS, OASIS, and J-STAGE. Systematic review, clinical studies, and clinical practice guideline were included in this review. Results: In total, 27 clinical studies, 9 systematic review and meta-analysis, and 1 clinical practice guideline met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were classified and analyzed according to the type of intervention. Studies on quinine and magnesium have been most studied in WM and CAM, respectively. Although quinine shows some clinical effects on leg cramps, however, the risk of side effects are suggested. In addition, magnesium failed to improve the clinically significant effects in most studies. Five case reports using Oriental herbal medicine (OHM) were included and OHMs were effective in improving leg cramps without side effects, however, the quality of evidence was low. Clinical studies on other interventions were lacking. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there is no definite treatment standard for leg cramps until now, and there are limitations such as low level of evidence and side effects for each treatment. OHM can be an effective alternative to conventional intervention on leg cramps, therefore, related clinical studies are needed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2017

척추마취 후 두통완화를 위한 침상안정에 대한 연구에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 이들 연구에서 사용된 연구설계, 대상자 및 주요 중재방법과 그 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 연구추출을 위해 1980년부터 2016년까지 총 4234의 문헌중 15편의 연구논문을 분석하였다. 그 결과 5239명의 척추마취를 시행한 대상자가 연구에 참여하였으며, 실험연구가 10편, 비실험연구 5편이 포함되었다. 실험연구 대부분 24시간 침상안정군을 대조군으로 선정하여 다양한 시간의 침상안정에 따른 두통 발현율을 비교하였는데 2편의 논문을 제외한 연구에서 조기이상군의 두통발현율이 낮았다. 개별연구의 연구 질 평가결과를 감안하여 척추마취 후 두통을 완화시키기 위한 적절한 침상안정시간을 산정하기 위해 다양한 연구시도와 기존연구를 이용한 메타분석연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of Endosolv-R and Xylene in softening epoxy resin based sealer after 1 to 2 min exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty Teflon molds ($6mm{\times}1.5mm$ in inner diameter and depth) were equally divided into 3 groups of 20 each. AH 26 (Dentsply/De Trey), AH Plus (Dentsply/De Trey), Adseal (Meta-Biomed) were manipulated and placed in the molds allotted to each group and allowed to set at $37^{\circ}C$ in 100% humidity for 2 wk. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups according to the solvents used, i.e. Xylene (Lobachemie) and Endosolv-R (Septodont). Specimens in each subgroup were exposed to respective solvents for 1 and 2 min and the corresponding Vicker's microhardness (HV) was assessed. Data was analysed by Mauchly's test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Initial hardness was significantly different among the three sealers with AH Plus having the greatest and Adseal having the least. After 2 min, Xylene softened AH Plus and Adseal sealer to 11% and 25% of their initial microhardness, respectively (p < 0.001), whereas AH 26 was least affected, maintaining 89.4% of its initial microhardness. After 2 min, Endosolv-R softened AH 26, AH Plus and Adseal to 12.7, 5.6 and 8.1% of their initial microhardness, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Endosolv-R was a significantly more effective short term softener for all the tested sealers after 2 min whereas Xylene was an effective short term softener against AH plus and Adseal but less effective against AH 26.

• 지질공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

연구지역의 지질은 흑색천매암, 석회암 및 함역천매암과 중생대 관입안인 흑운모화강암과 석영반암으로 구성되어 있다. 이 중 흑색천매암이 분포하는 구간에서 건설 중인 도로 사면에서 절토사면 현황도(face map)를 4월부터 6월까지 3개월간 작성하였으며 이때 탄질슬레이트 분포지 부근을 포함 사면 내에는 3-4개소에서 사면붕괴와 산 정상부에는 최고 3 m의 변위를 보이며 움직이고 있음이 확인 되었다. 사면 붕괴의 원인은 엽리 및 단층 등의 불연속면의 경사방향이 사면의 경사방향과 일치하는 곳에서 붕괴가 발생하였고 탄질 슬레이트는 빗물을 머금을 때 팽창성을 가짐도 붕괴가 일어나는 원인이다. 반면 본 사면의 도로 맞은편 사면에서는 같은 암상 및 지질구조 조건을 가지고 있으나 엽리 및 불연속면들의 경사 방향이 사면의 경사 방향과 반대방향이므로 안정된 사면을 유지하고 있다. 사면의 붕괴가 일어난 곳에서 안정화를 위해 절개 후 복구(cut and cover) 방법으로 도로의 양쪽 사면 사이 도로 상에 터널 구조물을 설치하여 절개식 터널(cut and cover tunnel)을 시공하였으며 시공 후 사면은 안정화 되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.8-9
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• 2006

Hafnium oxide ($HfO_2$) thin films were deposited on p-type (100) silicon wafers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using TEMAHf and $O_3$. Prior to the deposition of $HfO_2$ films, a thin Hf ($10\;{\AA}$) metal layer was deposited. Deposition temperature of $HfO_2$ thin film was $350^{\circ}C$ and its thickness was $150\;{\AA}$. Samples were then annealed using furnace heating to temperature ranges from 500 to $900^{\circ}C$. The MOS capacitor of round-type was fabricated on Si substrates. Thermally evaporated $3000\;{\AA}$-thick AI was used as top electrode. In this work, We study the interface characterization of $HfO_2$/Hf/Si MOS capacitor depending on annealing temperature. Through AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy), capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) analysis, the role of Hf layer for the better $HfO_2$/Si interface property was investigated. We found that Hf meta1 layer in our structure effective1y suppressed the generation of interfacial $SiO_2$ layer between $HfO_2$ film and silicon substrate.