• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcome of meniscal repairs according to tern location and combined injury. Materials and Methods : From 1994, 73 meniscal repairs were underwent by arthroscopy and followed more than 1 year. The locations of torn meniscus were 29 red-red Bone, 36 red-white zone, 8 white-white zone. Twenty-six patients also had combined lesion including ACL injury 17 cases and treated simultaneously. Clinical result was evaluated by OAK system. Result : Healing rates(above good) were $94\%$ in isolated injury and $88\%$ in combined injury, especially $94\%$ in ACL injury. The result according to tern location were $90\%$ in red-red zone, $91\%$ in red-white zone, all in white-white zone. Conclusion : Meniscus tear with ACL injury should be repaired by arthroscopy, simultaneously. The meniscal tear of white-white zone could be healed by arthroscopic meniscal suture.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2004

The car seat head restraint is used for neck injury(whiplash injury) prevention in rear end impacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seat head restraints for the total number of 34 domestic cars. H-POINT machine and HRMD(head restraint measuring device) were applied to measure backset(the distance between head and seat head restraint) and height(height gap between head and seat head restraint). For tendency study of driver's head position, we took the 320 driver's pictures in the street. As results, There were only five percent drivers in good and acceptable zone. For car seat head restraint system, the results was 9 cars for good zone, 10 cars for acceptable zone, 9 cars for marginal zone and 6 cars for poor zone were evaluated. For a precise evaluation the of whiplash injury, detailed FE neck model will be developed and the clinical database should be constructed for model validation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 1991

Hand injury in children was increased due to multiple environmental risks and failed attention of parents to children in rapidly developing society. By the results of this evaluation in 37 cases, it was summarized as follows. First, hand injuries in children most commonly occurs in spring, and occurs more commonly in the children at the age of high activity. The most common level of injury is zone I by microreplantation zone, and zone II by tendon injury zone. The more desirable results were obtained by full thickness skin graft and composite graft if it were possible. For the better functional results compare to adults, the methods and procedures must be constructed after more evaluation with more clinical cases. In the cases of pediatric hand injury, the most important fact is prevention of injury, with the close attention by parents, and the second is appropriate diganosis and treatment for more functional results.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2006

We retrospectively evaluated our results of replantations of distal digital amputations and analyzed the factors deterrent to the survival of replanted digits. From January 2004 to 2005 June, we performed 101 cases of replantations following complete amputations at or distal to interphalangeal joint level. The study included 98 patients with a mean age of 35.6 years (range 1 to 63 years). Amputation level correlated to zone I (distal to the lunula)in 47 cases and zone II (lunula to distal interphalangeal joint) in 54 cases according to Yamano's classification. According to the mechanism of amputation, 24 cases (22.9%) suffered from guillotine type injury, 27 cases (27.1 %) from avulsion type injury and 50 cases (50%) from crush type injury. In all cases, a single arterial anastomosis was performed. Venous anastomosis on either volar or dorsal side was performed in 12 cases of amputation in zone II. Salvage procedure for venous drainage was performed in 98 cases. The mean duration of salvage procedures was 5.9 days (ranging from 4 to 14 days). Successful replantation was achieved in 96 cases (95.1%), which included 93.7% cases in zone I amputations and 96.3% cases in zone II amputations. A single venous anastomosis was performed in 12 cases of amputation in zone II. All of them survived completely. Among the 5 cases that failed to survive, 3 cases were related with avulsion injury in zone I. Initial mechanism of injury determines the survival rate of amputated parts as it is directly related with the status of vessels and soft tissues. Meticulous precaution during the salvage procedure may affect the overall survival rate of distal digital replantations.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.172-175
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• 2016

Penetrated injury of common carotid artery (CCA) is rare and extremely lethal. Carotid artery injury tends to bleed actively and potentially occlude the trachea. It can cause fatal neurological complications. An accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment are very needed to the successful outcome of the penetrating vascular injury in zone 1, 2, and 3 of the neck. Open surgical treatment is more invasive and complicated than endovascular treatment. We experienced a case with penetrating injury in neck zone 2. Here, we report the case successfully treated with endovascular stent graft technique.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.186-190
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• 2020

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been increasingly used in recent years as a resuscitative adjunct for trauma patients with life-threatening non-compressible torso hemorrhage. By blocking the aorta temporarily with an inflated balloon, REBOA preserves cerebral and coronary perfusion while diminishing exsanguination below the balloon, thereby providing time for resuscitation and definitive bleeding control. When determining the occlusion zone during the REBOA procedure, factors such tortuosity of the aorta, co-occurring minor chest injuries, and the severity of shock must be considered, as well as the main injury site. This paper describes a case of high Zone I REBOA in an elderly patient with a tortuous aorta who had concomitant injuries of the chest and pelvis.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2008

Purpose: Zone I fractures of the fifth metatarsal bone can generally be treated by conservative methods while both surgical and conservative methods are used for zone II fractures. However, the clinical results of conservative treatment have been rarely reported. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical results of conservative treatment for zone I and II nondisplaced fractures. Materials and Methods: Between July 2007 and August 2008, consecutive thirty seven patients (38 fractures) with zone I and II fractures of the fifth metatarsal bone were treated with tolerable weight bearing and minimum duration of immobilization based on pain on weight bearing. We evaluated the duration of immobilization, time to clinical and radiographic union, and time to pre-injury activity level. Results: Clinical and radiological union were achieved in all patients without any complications including malunion or nonunion. The mean duration of immobilization was 28.7 days. The mean 33.1 days and 48.9 days were required for clinical union and radiographic union respectively, after the initial injury. The mean time to pre-injury activity level was 4.8 months. Conclusion: Our study shows that the acute nondisplaced zone I, II fracture of fifth metatarsal bone can be treated effectively using tolerable weight bearing and minimum duration of immobilization, which is based on the pain on weight bearing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.535-547
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• 2016

This study aims to identify factors that affect the degree of injury severity sustained in traffic crashes on work zone of Korean expressways. To this end, decision tree method was applied to identify influential factors on injury severity and compare characteristics of those factors between work zone and non-work zone. The results from the comparison show that the risk of severity was low when traffic volume and heavy vehicle ratio are high because the factors lower the overall section speed. On the other hand, when the traffic volume and the heavy vehicle ratio are low, the section speed increased and the tendency for high injury severity was confirmed. These findings are expected to help transportation planners and engineers understand which risk factors contribute more to severe injury in the work zones such that they can effectively prepare and implement safety countermeasures.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2010

Background: Penetrating neck injuries are potentially dangerous and require emergency management because of the presence of vital structures in the neck. The risk of airway, vascular, neurological, and pharyngoesophageal injuries leads to many difficult diagnostic decisions. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate our experience with management of penetrating neck injuries, and to assess treatment outcome. Material and Method: Forty-two consecutive patients were identified (26 patients from Korea university Ansan hospital, 16 patients from Guro hospital) as having penetrating neck injuries from 2003 to 2009. With review of medical records, variables were collected and evaluated including the location of injury, mechanism of injury, number of significant injuries, diagnostic modalities, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Results: The location of injury was zone I (lower neck) in 13 cases (31%), zone II (midportion of the neck) in 22 (52%), and zone III (upper neck) in 7 (17%). Injuries were caused by stab wounds in 23 patients, penetrating foreign bodies in 12. Among 35 patients who had deep injuries that violated the platysma, significant injuries, including major vascular (20), trachea (5) Pharyngoesophageal injuries (5) were identified in 24 patients. The mean hospital stay was 9.5 days. Conclusion: The penetrating trauma in the neck may show various degrees of severity. However, Cervical penetrating injury should not be underestimated in spite of the minimal width of the lesion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.396-399
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• 2010

Purpose: In hand injury, pedicle is usually damaged by avulsion injury or crushing injury. Because of postoperative pedicle obliteration, it is often hard to save the injured hand and fingers, even after successful replantation. The author introduces three cases of extensive hand injury, and successful results after applicatoin of multiple venous grafts to these patients. Methods: In all cases there was no circulation in any finger. In the first case, some vessels were extracted, so venous graft was applied to two sites of severely damaged venous sites. In the second case, venous grafts were applied to all four digital arteries of all fingers except thumb which got severely crushed, and two sites of dorsal veins. In the third case, venous graft was applied to all four digital arteries of all five fingers, and two sites of dorsal veins and palmar veins each. Results: In all cases, survival of hands and fingers was successful. In the second case, however, amputation in thumb and little finger at DIP joint level was inevitable, because of its severe damage, and the large dorsal defect on index finger was filled with DIEP free flap. Thumb was reconstructed with toe-to-thumb free flap, and additional debulking procedures and contracture release is furtherly needed. In the first case, additional surgery was done, as FDP tendon got re-ruptured, but in long term follow-up, satisfactory range of motion was attained. In the third case, FTSG on dorsal skin region was planned. as flap on dorsal area got partial necrosis. Conclusion: In hand injury, there are many structures to be repaired, but sometimes venous graft is avoided for its long operating time. Even though the length of damaged vessel is enough for anastomosis, the endothelium is often damaged (zone of injury). In extensive hand injury, successful reconstruction would be possible with active venous graft to all vessels suspicious for damage.