• Title/Summary/Keyword: Zone 1a

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Operating Pressure Conditions for Non-Explosion Hazards in Plants Handling Propane Gas

  • Choi, Jae-Young;Byeon, Sang-Hoon
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.58 no.3
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    • pp.493-497
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    • 2020
  • Hazardous area classification is designed to prevent chemical plant explosions in advance. Generally, the duration of the explosive atmosphere is used for zone type classification. Herein, IEC code, a quantitative zone type classification methodology, was used to achieve Zone 2 NE, which indicates a practical non-explosion condition. This study analyzed the operating pressure of a vessel handling propane to achieve Zone 2 NE by applying the IEC code via MATLAB. The resulting zone type and hazardous area grades were compared with the results from other design standards, namely API and EI codes. According to the IEC code, the operating pressure of vessels handling propane should be between 101325-116560.59 Pa. In contrast, the zone type classification criteria used by API and EI codes are abstract. Therefore, since these codes could interpret excessively explosive atmospheres, care is required while using them for hazardous area classification design.

A Numerical Study of Smoke Movement for the Three Types of Atrium Fires using PISO Algorithm (PISO 알고리즘을 이용한 세 가지 형태의 아트리움 공간에서 화재 발생시 연기 거동에 대한 수치해석적 연구)

  • 정진용;유홍선;김성찬
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, the smoke filling process for the three types of atrium spaces are simulated u using the two types of deterministic fire model; zone models and field models. The zone models u used are the FffiST, CFAST, and CCFM.VENTS m떠els develo야퍼 at the Building and Fire R Research Laboratories, NIST, USA and the NBTC one-room model of FIR.ECAIι delveloped at C CSffiO, Austr;외ia. The field models used are the fire field model developed by W. K Chow and a a self-developed Sl\1EP(Smoke Movement Estimating Program) based on computational fluid d dynamics the$\alpha$1es. The results pn려icted by the two approaches are very similar. The field model u using SIl\1PLE algorithm or SIl\1PLER algorithm requires much more computing time compared w with the use of Sl\1EP using PISO algorithm.

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Some Considerations on Heat Flow in Korea (한반도(韓半島) 지열류량(地熱流量)에 대(對)한 약천(若千)의 고찰(考察))

  • Sung Kyun, Kim
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1984
  • The geophysical implications of the observed heat flow in the Korean Peninsula are examined. The Peninsula can be devided into two typical regions of high (Zone 1) and normal heat flows (Zone 2), and anomalous sharp change of heat flow between two zones is noteworthy. Zone 1 (southeastern coast of the Peninsula) to be connected to the East Sea (=Japan Sea) of high heat flow region corresponds with the region of late-Mesozoic to Tertiary igneous activity. With the radioactive elements concentrated in the crust, the observed heat flow in Zone 2 can be almostly explained. While, only a half of the heat flow in Zone 1 is explained. As a possible explanation of high heat flow in Zone 1, partial melting in the lower crust is examined. The temperature of $800-900^{\circ}C$ calculated at the bottom of the crust excludes the possibility of partial melting or magma generation in the crust. Alternatively, a remaining thermal effect of late-Mesozoic to Tertiary igneous activity is considered. However, it appears that the thermal effect already disappeared and that the vertical temperature distribution reached at steady state 30 MY ago (= 10 MY after the igneous activities came to an end). After all, the existence of some other effective heat transfer in Zone 1 is strongly suggested. The high heat flow to be same kind of anomalous one of the East Sea can be recognized as a result of the trench-back-arc thermal flux. The plate subduction in the Japan Trench will generate an induced flow above the slab of the East Sea, a typical back-arc basin, and hence the induced flow will heat the surrounding lithosphere.

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A Development of the Integrated Evaluation Criteria for Safety of School Zones (스쿨존 안전성 평가지수 개발)

  • Lee, Soo-Il;Kim, Seung-Hyoun;Kim, Jang-Wook;Hu, Ec
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.117-122
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    • 2012
  • In recent years, there have been a number of concerns and measures surrounding 'Traffic Safety' for children. But, actually, safety measurements of 'School Zone' lack. This research thesis was designed to quantify risk degrees of 'School Zone', in a simple way, with the development of evaluation indicators to evaluate risk degrees of 'School Zone'. This is deems to be used for a guideline necessary for devising improvements or safety measures against 'School Zone' in the future. And, this is expected to be useful for managing and controlling safety each local facility about elementary schools.

Microstructural characteristics in tough pitch copper for revealing the work hardening region

  • Okayasu, Mitsuhiro;Taki, Tatsuya;Takasu, Satoshi;Takeuchi, Shuhei;Shiraishi, Tetsuro
    • Advances in materials Research
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.349-359
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    • 2012
  • To reveal localized plastic deformation zones in a tough pitch copper, the etching characteristics of a copper sample have been examined. The etching was carried out on a sample surface using an etchant consisting of 25 ml nitric acid solution and 75 ml water. To clarify the plastic deformation zone, the sample deformed plastically was heated to between $250^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$ before the etching process. This is due to a change of the microstructure and crystal orientation in the plastic deformation zone producing recrystallized small grains. In this case, the plastically deformed zone is severely etched, whereas the undeformed zone is only slightly etched. Identification of the details of the deformation zone from the etching is further discussed.

Characteristics of Municipal Solid Wastes Generation in a Small City -For Donghae City- (소규모 도시의 생활폐기물 발생특성 -동해시를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Seung-Ho;Won, Chul-Hee;Kim, Byoung-Ug;Rim, Jay-Myoung
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.22 no.B
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2002
  • This research was performed to investigate the generation and physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid wastes. The results were as follows: i) The generation rate and bulk density were 0.157 kg/cap/d and 147.8 g/L in residential zone, respectively. In non-residential zone, the generation and bulk density were 1.71 kg/cap/d and 85.6 g/L, respectively. Consequently, bulk density of non-residential zone was lower than that of residential zone. ii) The wastes consisted of 90% of combustibles and 10% of incombustibles in residential zone. And the wastes from non-residential zone was composed 85% of combustibles and 15% of incombustibles. iii) Water content was estimated at 47~50% in residential zone and restaurants. In non-residential zone, except restaurants, water content was in the range of 10~30%. Ash content was nearly 10% in overall zone.

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아트리움 공간에 있어서 화재에 의한 연기 유동에 관한 수치해석적 연구

  • 노재성;유홍선;정연태
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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    • 1997.11a
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 1997
  • The smoke filling process for the atrium space containing a fire source is simulated using two types of deterministic fire modus: Zone model and Field model. The zone mode used is the CFAST(version 1.6) mode developed at the Building and Fire Research laboratories, NIST in the USA. The lied model is a self-developed fire field model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) theories. This article is focused on finding out the smoke movement and temperature distribution in atrium space which is cubic in shape. A computational procedure for predicting velocity and temperature distribution in fro-induced flow is based on the solution, in finite volume method and non-staggered grid system, of 3-dimensional equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, species and so forth. The fire model i. e. Zone model and Field model predicted similar results for Ire clear height and the smoke layer temperature.

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Compaction Characteristics of Zone-1 Material in Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (콘크리트 표면 차수벽형 석괴댐의 Zone-1재료에 대한 다짐특성)

  • Yea, Geu-Guwen;Han, Sang-Hyun;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2007
  • Bedding zone in CRFD (Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam) requires bearing capacity to support the concrete face slab uniformly. Also, shear strength which is a key factor in slope stability and impermeability which is to prevent a loss of soils in case of leakage of concrete slab face are needed. In this study, trial prototype construction for bedding zone in CRFD was performed to investigate the compaction characteristics of bedding zone according to the frequency of compaction, water contents and so on. As a results of series of field test, the compaction characteristics of bedding zone in CRFD was affected considerably by the depth of compaction layer and frequency of compaction.

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A Study on the Evaluation of Placeness of Industrial Heritages Space with Cultural Characteristics - Focused on Beijing 798 Art Zone in China - (문화기반 산업유산 공간의 장소성 평가 연구 - 북경 798 예술지구를 중심으로 -)

  • Wang, Fa-Fu;Zhang, Jing-Yu;Yoon, Ji-Young
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.101-113
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    • 2017
  • This study was to build a frame and direction of an analysis of the evaltion of placeness of industrial heritages space, and then to evaluate Beijing 798. First, by studying references, 15 elements in 6 dimensions were derived from the evaluation of placeness of industrial heritage and applied in the evaluation of placeness of Beijing 798 art zone. Second, the changes of Bejing 798 art zone can be classified in 4 steps, latency, quickening, growth, and union, which has been growing from studios with artists to complex cultural art place based on studios and gallery. Third, place characteristics of 798 art zone was analysis with the measurements of morphological, perceptual, social, visual, functional, and temporal points. Fourth, a survey was done in order to evaluate placeness of Beijing 798 art zone.In conclusion, the result of the evaluation of placeness of industrial heritages space through Beijing 798 art zone shows that uniqueness and indigenousness are highly valued which verifies that the differentiation from other places and uniqueness are the essential element.

The Delineation of Water-Pollutant Buffering Zone for Sustaining Better Drinking Water Quality Using a GIS (GIS를 이용한 상수원 보호를 위한 수변구역 지정에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kye-Hyun;Yoon, Ho-Seok;Kwon, Woo-Suk
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.239-248
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    • 2000
  • The aggravating water quality from the expansion of industrialization along with increasing population lead to develop more intensive physical measures to secure better drinking water quality. This study was mainly initiated to establish a water-pollutant buffering zone for the upper stream basin of Paldang--the major source area of drinking water for the metropolitan Seoul and suburban areas with a population more than 13 million. Two different criteria were considered in determining the buffering distance from the edge of the streamflow : 1km-width buffer zone for the special protection area which has been strictly controlled by the conventional laws for the protection of drinking water supply, and 500m-width buffer zone for the rest of the area. To delineate the exact boundaries of the water-pollutant buffering zone, GIS database was created integrating topography, hydrography, cadastral, and other related layers. The newly designated water-pollutant buffering zone would contribute to improve the water quality in a long term along with the conservation of the wet land. More study, however, should be made within the water-pollutant buffering zone such as the detailed survey of the pollutants, vegetation, and ecosystem for more effective management of the buffering zone.

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