• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

국내 한랭지역의 경우 고속도로터널 및 일반도로터널에서 발생하는 동결피해 사례는 조사 및 보고되고 있지만, 이에 대한 방안대책은 미흡한 상황이다. 한랭지역의 경우 영상권을 유지하는 다른 지역들과는 달리 평균온도가 영하로 떨어지는 지역이며, 동일지역 터널 내에서도 기온이 낮은 입출구에서 손상이 좀 더 발생하는 것으로 조사 되었다. 터널 라이닝의 온도저하를 방지하기 위하여 동절기에 라이닝의 온도를 강제로 상승시킬 수 있는 발열체를 제작하였다. 발열체는 실규모 터널의 라이닝에 부착하여 발열체의 열에 의한 터널 라이닝 주변의 온도변화를 측정하였다. 연구결과 발열체의 발열에 의해 라이닝의 온도상승 정도를 확인하였으며, 일정시간이 경과하면 라이닝의 온도상승이 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 활용하여 동절기 터널라이닝 및 배면의 동결피해를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2012

ZnO nanostructures were grown on R-plane sapphire substrates with seed layers annealed at different temperatures ranging from 600 to $800^{\circ}C$. The properties of the ZnO nanostructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and photoluminescence. For the as-prepared seed layers, ZnO nanorods and ZnO nanosheets were observed. However, only ZnO nanorods were grown when the annealing temperature was above $700^{\circ}C$. The crystal qualities of the ZnO nanostructures were enhanced when the seed layers were annealed at $700^{\circ}C$. In addition, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of near-band-edge emission (NBE) peak was decreased from 139 to 129 meV by increasing the annealing temperature to $700^{\circ}C$. However, the FWHM was slightly increased again by a further increase in the annealing temperature. Optical transmittance in the UV region was almost zero, while that in the visible region was gradually increased as the annealing temperature increased to $700^{\circ}C$. The optical band gap of the ZnO nanostructures was increased as the annealing temperature increased to $700^{\circ}C$. It is found that the optical properties as well as the structural properties of the rod-shaped ZnO nanostructures grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by hydrothermal method are improved when the seed layers are annealed at $700^{\circ}C$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권3호
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• pp.221-238
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• 2023

This paper developed and examined a novel passive vibration isolator (i.e., "X-inerter") motivated by combining a bio-inspired structure and a rack-pinion inerter. The bio-inspired structure provided nonlinear stiffness and damping owing to its geometric nonlinearity. In addition, the behavior was further enhanced by a gear inerter that produced a special nonlinear inertia effect; thus, an X-inerter was developed. As a result, the X-inerter can achieve both high-static-low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS) and quasi-zero stiffness (QZS), obtaining ultra-low frequency isolation. Furthermore, the installed inerter can produce a coupled nonlinear inertia and damping effect, leading to an anti-resonance frequency near the resonance, wide isolation region, and low resonance peak. Both static and dynamic analyses of the proposed isolator were conducted and the structural parameters' influence was comprehensively investigated. The X-inerter was proven to be comparatively more stable in the ultra-low frequency than the benchmarking QZS isolator due to the nonlinear damping and inertia properties. Moreover, the inertia effect could suppress the bio-inspired structure's super- and sub-harmonic resonance. Therefore, the X-inerter isolator generally possesses desirable nonlinear stiffness, nonlinear damping, and unique nonlinear inertia, designed to achieve the ultra-low natural frequency, the anti-resonance property, and a wide isolation region with a low resonance peak.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2023

Infrared radiation (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum where wavelengths range from about 700 nm to 1 mm. Any object with a temperature above absolute zero (0 K) radiates in the infrared region, and a material that transmits radiant energy in the range of 0.74 to 1.4 um is referred to as a near-infrared optical material. Germanate-based glass is attracting attention as a glass material for infrared optical lenses because of its simple manufacturing process. With the recent development of the glass molding press (GMP) process, thermal imaging cameras using oxide-based infrared lenses can be easily mass-produced, expanding their uses. To improve the mechanical and optical properties of commercial materials consisting of ternary systems, germanate-based heavy metal oxide glasses were prepared using a melt-cooling method. The fabricated samples were evaluated for thermal, structural, and optical properties using DSC, XRD, and XRF, respectively. To derive a composition with high glass stability for lens applications, ZnO and Sb₂O₃ were substituted at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mol%. The glass with 1 mol% added Sb₂O₃ was confirmed to have the optimal conditions, with an optical transmittance of 80 % or more, a glass transition temperature of 660 ℃, a refractive index of 1.810, and a Vickers hardness of 558. The possibility of its application as an alternative infrared lens material to existing commercial materials capable of GMP processing was confirmed.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2015

고성능 컴퓨터와 디지털 카메라의 보급으로 컴퓨터를 이용한 객체 탐지 및 추적은 컴퓨터 비전의 다양한 응용분야에서 중요한 문제로 대두 되고 있다. 또한, 지능형 자동화 감시 장치, 영상 분석 장치, 자동화된 로봇 분야 등에서 그 필요성이 점점 부각 되고 있다. 객체 추적은 카메라를 이용하여 움직이는 객체의 위치를 찾는 처리 과정을 의미 하며, 강건한 객체 추적을 위해서는 객체의 스케일, 형태 변화, 회전에 강건하고 정확한 객체의 위치를 파악할 수 있어야한다. 본 논문에서는 랜덤 포레스트를 이용한 강건한 객체 추적에 대한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 정확한 객체의 위치를 찾기 위해 지역 공분산과 ZNCC (Zeros Mean Normalized Cross Correlation)를 사용하여 객체를 검출하고 검출된 객체를 5개의 부분으로 나누어 랜덤 포레스트로 객체가 잘 검출 되었는지 검증 한다. 검증된 객체 중 모델을 선택하여 객체 검출이 잘못 되었다고 판단된 경우 입력 모델을 변경하여 정확한 객체를 찾도록 하였다. 제안된 알고리즘과 기존의 알고리즘들을 비교 하였을 때 비교적 정확한 객체의 위치를 잘 찾아 가는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2013

Magnetic and dielectric properties of rubber composites are controlled by using two kinds of high-permeability metal particles with different electrical conductivity (Sendust, Permalloy), and their effect on microwave absorbance has been investigated, focusing on the quasi-microwave frequency band (0.8-2 GHz). Noise absorbing sheets are composite materials of magnetic flake particles of high aspect ratio dispersed in polymer matrix with various filler amount of 80-90 wt.%. The frequency dispersion and magnitude of complex permeability is almost the same for Sendust and Permalloy composite specimens. However, the complex permittivity of the Permalloy composite (${{\varepsilon}_r}^{\prime}{\simeq}250$, ${{\varepsilon}_r}^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\simeq}50$) is much greater than that of Sendust composite (${{\varepsilon}_r}^{\prime}{\simeq}70$, ${{\varepsilon}_r}^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\simeq}0$). Due to the large dielectric permittivity of Permalloy composite, the absorbing band is shifted to lower frequency region. However, the investigation of impedance matching reveals that the magnetic permeability is still small to satisfy the zero-reflected condition at the quasi-microwave frequency band, resulting in a small microwave absorbance lower than 10 dB.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Based on the stability criteria of ZMP (Zero Moment Point), this paper proposes an adjusting algorithm that modifies walking trajectory of a bipedal robot for stable walking by analyzing ZMP trajectory of it. In order to maintain walking balance of the bipedal robot, ZMP should be located within a supporting polygon that is determined by the foot supporting area with stability margin. Initially tilting imposed to the trajectory of the upper body is proposed to transfer ZMP of the given walking trajectory into the stable region for the minimum stability. A neural network method is also proposed for the stable walking trajectory of the biped robot. It uses backpropagation learning with angles and angular velocities of all joints with tilting to get the improved walking trajectory. By applying the optimized walking trajectory that is obtained with the neural network model, the ZMP trajectory of the bipedal robot is certainly located within a stable area of the supporting polygon. Experimental results show that the optimally learned trajectory with neural network gives more stability even though the tilting of the pelvic joint has a great role for walking stability.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 1994

심장 벽의 운동속도와 혈관내 혈구의 유속을 측정하기 위해, 단일 채널 3.1MHz 펄스 도플러 속도계를 제작하였다. 도플러 속도계에 사용된 초음파 펄스의 폭과 펄스 반복주파수(PRF)는 각각 1$\mu$s과 6kHz이고, 후방 산란된 반향신호의 도플러 편이는 완전간섭성(coherent) 복조방식을 이용하여 위상 측정기에 감지된다. 위상 측정기의 출력신호로부터 레인지 게이트와 샘플 홀더, 대역여파기를 이용하여 작은 영역내에 있는 초음파 산란체의 평균속도에 해당하는 도플러 신호가 얻어진다. 도플러 신호의 평균 주파수는 영점교차의 카운터에 의해 측정되며 시간의 함수로 산란체의 순간 속도를 디스플레이한다. 채널 수와 거리 분해능을 증가시키면 혈관내의 혈류속도 분포도와 총 유량 그리고 혈류가속도를 측정할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.877-883
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• 1987

본 연구에서는 이러한 경험적인면이 최소화되고 물리적 의미가 부여된 후류모 델을 제시하여 일반적인 형상에 대한 계산에 앞서 Celik등의 경우와 같이 원통 주위유 동장을 먼저 다루어 보고자 한다. 다른 방법들과는 달리 후류면의 길이를 조절하지 않고 후류면에서의 와도분포를 점차 감소시켜 후류영향이 자연적으로 감소되게 하였는 데, 이는 물체에서 떨어져 나간 와류(vortex)가 확산에 의해 점차 소멸해가는 점을 모 델링한 것이다. 본 계산은 경계층배제두께의 영향을 무시하고 후류모델에 필요한 박 리점은 실험치를 사용하여 수행하였다. 박리점의 예측은 기존의 경계층해법을 도입 하면 쉽게 해결할 수 있어 큰 문제가 아니라고 생각하며 다만 배제두께 영향은 Reyno- lds수에 따라 계산 결과에 다소 영향을 미칠 수 있게 되는데 이는 뒤에 다시 다루기로 한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2001

Chemical application, one of the most important crop management processes happened to cause spray drift, that would threaten farmers in field as well as dwellers in rural region. Spray drift was affected by micro-meteorological parameters. A study to evaluate short distance drift characteristics of a boom sprayer in paddy fields has been undergoing. This study is the first step of the research. Main purpose of the was conducted to develop a mean wind profile and to get information on turbulence intensities above and within rice canopy. Wind in rice paddy field were measured at every 10cm from 10 to 180cm above the ground using a 2-dimensional probe and a hot wire anemometer system. Main results were summarized as follows. 1. Mean wind profile was modeled as; Equations. see full-text 2. Roughness length and zero-displacement in rice canopy were analyzed to be respectively 0.04 and 0.7∼0.72 times of the canopy height. The values are smaller comparing to those of other crops because rice canopy is flexible and uniform comparing to other crops. 3. Turbulence intensities (Tl) was greater as close to the ground and became constant at heights greater than 1.5Hc. where Tl’s were 0.4 and 0.15 in horizontal and vertical direction respectively.