• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2015

In this study, the landscape characteristics and culture of the sacred Dangsan forests at Dongnae-ri, Seonae-ri, Namnae-ri, Pyeongchon-ri and Gyochon-ri were investigated. And the potential for registration in the World Heritage List has been discussed by linking the Dangsan forests at the five sites. Dangsan forest, a traditional village forests of rural Korea is a representative cultural heritage with a history of more than several hundred years of Dangsan ritual. The Dangsan forests in the neighborhood of Naganeuoseong have retained the landscape of town fortress during Choseon Dynasty and the Dangsan ritual as a living culture. The three villages inside Naganeuoseong have kept their Upper Dang, Middle Dang and Lower Dang. There were 21 old trees in total; Zelkova serrata (2), Celtis sinensis (7), Aphananthe aspera (5) trees, Carpinus tschonoskii (2) and Ginkgo biloba (3). The three Dangsan trees and an old Aphananthe aspera, known as to be planted by the Admiral Yi Sun-sin were recognized. The two villages located outside of village fortress also have kept their Dangsan ritual. It is important whether the sites possesses authenticity in order to be listed in the World Heritage. The Dangsan forests in the neighborhood of Naganeuoseong have been verified for the authenticity, which should be focused. The places need to be clarified for their landscape features formed as a Dangsan forest, and sustainable protection and management plans are to be devised.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2013

The effect of climate change on urban woody plants remains difficult to predict in urban areas. Depending on its tolerances, a plant species may stay and survive or stay with slowly declining remnant populations under a changing climate. To predict those vulnerabilities on urban woody plants, this study suggests a basic bioclimatic envelop model of heat requirements, cold tolerance, chilling requirements and moisture requirements that are well documented as the 'climatic niche'. Each component of the 'climatic niche' is measured by the warmth index, the absolute minimum temperature, the number of chilling weeks and the water balance. Regarding the utility of the developed model, the selected urban plant's present probabilities are suggested in the future climate of Seoul. Both Korea and Japan's thermal thresholds are considered for a plant's optimal climatic niche. By considering the thermal thresholds of these two regions for the same species, the different responses observed will reflect the plant's 'hardening' process in a rising climate. The model illustrated that the subpolar plants Taxus cuspidata and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are predicted to have low suitability in Seoul. The temperate plants Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora, which have a broad climatic niche, exhibited the highest present probability in the future. The subtropical plants Camellia japonica and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii may exhibit a modest growth pattern in the late 21C's future climatic period when an appropriate frost management scheme is offered. The model can be used to hypothesize how urban ecosystems could change over time. Moreover, the developed model can be used to establish selection guidelines for urban plants with high levels of climatic adaptability.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is on identifying charactreistics and management direction of complementary pond of Dalmaji village in Gangjin. Accordingly, this village was indicated as Experience and Resort village by Korean government. This study describes the construction background and characteristics and identifies species diversity and characteristics through field survey. For this, literature and field survey was performed. In field survey, vegetational survey was performed in Aug. of 2015. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) was measured by Brown-Blanquet's method. The answer was searched from Myungsanron(明山論), a textbook of Fengsui(風水) in Joseon dynasty. Of these causes, it was considered that the representative one is a protection of fire and infectious disease because the Wolgak mountain is a fire mountain(火山) as a stone mountain in Fengsui. The results demonstrate decline of aquatic ecosystem because of neglect management. The total number of species was 24. Of the species, Zelkova serrata is a natural vegetation of this complementary forest. This is nominated as Lagerstroemia indica and Camellia japonica community. Species composition demonstrate the characteristics of Korean southern region as mixed forest of evergreen trees and deciduous ones which are indigenous plants. It was considered Juniperus chinensis KaizukaVariega in central round island was planted in Japanese colonial period and it have to be removed. It was considered that name of moon pond and moon island etc. projects the mind of village ancestors which are going to reach an ideal condition of moon. And management of quantity and depth of pond water was critical for restoration of disappearing lotus from related literature. Periodic management was needed for ecological structure and function improvement because of ecological disturbance by the invasive plants like Humulus japonicus.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2003

This study aimed to provide basic data for future management of roadside trees by analyzing problems associated with plantation and management of roadside trees through categorization of functions and organizational structure, plantation and management, and management regulations and generating improvement opportunities based on the result of a survey on the awareness of government officials who are directly in charge of managing roadside trees in 31 cities & counties within Kyonggi province. The summary of key results of this study is as follows. First, "roadside tree-related function" is still not considered to be independent. About a half of government officials in charge did not majored in this field and they spent only about "2.09hours", in average, in the roadside tree-related function out of 8 working hours per day. Second, regarding problems and improvement opportunities in roadside tree-related function, lack of time was considered to be the biggest problem in overall management of roadside trees. As for improvement opportunities, "increase of dedicated manpower" and "system development" to facilitate efficient processing were suggested. Third, an annual budget for roadside tree-related affairs was merely 92 million won per city/county. A registry for management of roadside trees was kept manually. As for the roles of roadside trees, improvement of landscape and securing of green area itself were valued highly. Fourth, Ginkgo biloba, Zelkova serrata, and Prunus yedoensis were suggested to be the most appropriate species for roadside tree and Platanus occidentalis, Populus albaglandulosa, Populus euramericana, and Robinia pseudo-acacia were mentioned to be the least appropriate species.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 경기도 안산시 단원구 대부도에서 발굴된 대부도2호선의 목부재와 초본류의 수종분석과 방사성탄소연대분석을 통해 사용된 목재의 재질과 고선박이 난파된 시기를 추정하고자 하였다. 수종분석을 통해 선체부재로 사용된 목재는 모두 소나무속의 경송류로 식별되었으며, 기타 선체부재와 나무못은 경송류, 밤나무속, 참나무속 상수리나무아속 상수리나무류, 느티나무, 오리나무속의 사용을 확인하였다. 동반 출토된 목제빗과 참빗은 단풍나무속과 대나무아과로 확인되었고, 밧줄은 칡으로 만들어졌음이 밝혀졌다. 선수재와 받침목 그리고 씨앗류(감씨)의 방사성탄소연대측정과 위글매치 분석을 통해 대부도2호선은 AD 1151~1224년 사이에 난파된 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 고선박은 12~13세기 초중반에 난파되었음을 시사한다. 이는 출토된 도자기의 편년과 일치하는 결과이다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2001

To investigate weathering and surface characteristics of coating film on lumbers coated with Hwangchil(varnish of Dendropanax morbifera), we carried out to investigate the resistance against discoloration, value of crack and surface characteristics of coating films on seven domestic lumbers and those of four introduced tropical lumbers. There was investigated to evaluate the properties of coating films by the varnish of Dendropanax morbifera. There was insignificant correlations between the hardness and moisture contents of each lumber treated by the varnish. There was no significant correlations between the thickness of coating film and the hardness, either. Although we investigated 11 wood species, we found only three species as resistance wood species against discoloration; Diospysos spp., Abies holophylla and Ulmus davidiana. The crack of coaing films was the largest on Zelkova serrata followed by Juglans sinensis, Cercidiphum japonicum, Tectona grands, Ulmus davidiana, Guibourtia tessmannii, Diospysos spp. and Dalbergia latifolia. However, there was no crack of coating films on the lumbers of Juniperus rigida, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea and Abies holophylla. The crack of coating film showed positive correlations with the thickness of coating film and hardness. The surface characteristics of the coating films evaluated on the basis of $R_{a}$ values indicated the lumbers of Ulmus davidiana($0.14{\;}{\mu}m$), Juniperus rigida($0.1 5{\;}{\mu}m$), Guibourtia tessmannii($0.19{\;}{\mu}m$), Dalvergia latifolia($0.20{\;}{\mu}m$) and Diospysos spp.($0.20{\;}{\mu}m$), Cercidiphum japonicum($0.24{\;}{\mu}m$) as good species while there was insignificant differences between softwoods and hardwoods. Tectona grands, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea and Abies holophylla showed rough surface with $1.53~2.63{\;}{\mu}m$ of $R_a$ values. The four kinds of rough indices($R_a,{\;}R_z,{\;}R_{max}{\;}and{\;}R_q$) showed very low correlations with moisture contents with the correlation coefficients. The $R_a{\;}and{\;}R_{max}$ also showed slight relationship with hardness.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.427-451
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• 1992

전국 국립공원 및 산지에서 154종의 수목을 대상으로 선충 종류 및 분포를 조사한 결과 수목과 관련이 있는 선충은 총 28속 73종이 밝혀졌다. Meloinema kerongens는 내장사 굴피나무, 느릅나무, 신나무에서 채집됨으로 새로운 기주식물로 밝혀졌다. 소나무재선충(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)은 부산 금정산 일대에서만 발견되었고, 어리소나무재선충(B. mucronatus)은 제주도, 경남 마산, 진해 등지에서 발견되었고, 곤충기생성선충인 Prothallonema intermedium은 대구시 대덕산 리기다소나무, 제주도 제주시, 남원읍, 구좌읍, 애월읍 소나무에서 채집되었다. 수목별 기생선충 종류는 소나무가 32종으로 가장 많았고, 전나무 24종, 느티나무 20종, 감나무 19종, 상수리나무 18종 등의 순이었다. 선충종류별 분포지역은 Criconemella informis가 81지역에서 검출되어 가장 넓게 분포하고 있었으며, X. americanum 74, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni 51, C. macrodora 35, Hemicriconemoides varionodus, O. serratum이 31, Pararotylenchus pini 25, Hemicycliophora koreana 24, Aphelenchus avenae, C. pseudohercyniensis 22지역 등의 순으로 검출되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

1997년 4월부터 6월 사이에 전북 전주시 천잠산에서 외줄면충(Paracolopha morrisoni Baker, 1919)의 충영 형성과 1차 기주식물인 느티나무 잎의 생장과의 관계를 조사하였다. 외줄면충은 느티나무 가지의 3∼4번째 잎에 많이 분포하며, 주로 잎의 하단 엽맥에 충영을 형성하였다. 충영은 4월 20일 경에 형성되기 시작하였으며, 4월 23일에는 길이(2.98 mm)와 폭(2.24 mm)이 비슷하였으나 길이의 생장이 빨라져 5월 12일에는 길이(11.05 mm)와 폭(6.60 mm)이 최대로 생장하였는데 이는 잎의 길이 생장과 매우 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 충영을 절개하여 외줄면충의 발육상황을 조사한 결과, 간모가 3번 탈피하여 5월 8일에 간모 성충이 100% 나타났으며 제2세대를 체내에 간직하고 있었다. 5월 19일에는 간모 성충의 84.8%가 사망하였다. 제2세대인 이주형은 5월 12일에 약충이 나타나기 시작하였고 5월 하순에 4회 탈피하여 6월 3일에는 유시 성충이 나타났다. 6월 7일에는 충영의 기부가 열려 유시 성충이 탈출하고 그 후 충영은 갈색으로 변하여 쇠퇴하였다. 이상의 충영 형성과정을 볼 때 간모 세대가 충영의 형성과 생장에 관여하며 제2 세대는 충영의 생장과 관계가 없었다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2015

대한민국은 도시화 과정과 인접 국가에서부터 대기를 통한 유입 등으로 납과 같은 중금속의 토양 오염 문제가 관심을 받고 있다. 이에 가로수 수종으로 많이 쓰이고 있는 자생종 4종을 대상으로 토양 내 납 오염에 대한 엽록소 함량, 항산화 효소, 광합성량, 생물량과 같은 생리-생태적인 반응과 흡수능력을 연구하여 납 오염에 대응하는 가로수로 적합한 수종을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 대상종인 은행나무, 왕벚나무, 느티나무, 이팝나무는 200 mg Pb/kg 이상의 처리구에서 엽록소 함량, 항산화 효소에서 납 독성에 대한 반응을 보였다. 반면에 생물량이나 광합성량의 경우 고농도 (5,000 mg/kg)를 제외하고는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 특히 은행나무는 항산화 효소, 광합성 및 생물량에서 고농도에서도 납의 부정적인 영향이 나타내지 않았다. 실제 환경에서 나타날 수 있는 저농도 처리구에서 은행나무와 벚나무의 경우 연구 대상종 중 높은 납 흡수율을 보였다. 이처럼 은행나무와 같이 납에 대한 저항력과 흡수능력을 가진 수종을 선발하여 가로수로 식재하여 도로 주변 납 오염에 대응하는 방안이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2004

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for monumental old trees in Korea through analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi provinces were surveyed for biological characteristics, surrounding environments, root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics. Relationships among root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics were analyzed by correlation. The old solitary trees designated as natural monuments included Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees), Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 3.56 to 67m, and root collar diameter ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. The monumental old trees were growing on the various sites ranging from gardens, historical sites, open agricultural fields, mountain hills, to near the ocean beaches and streams. The coverage of bald land ranged from 50 to 100%, and depth of filled soil around the root collar ranged from 0 to 50cm. Tree health was expressed as the amount of branch dieback, cavity development, detachment of cambial tissue, infliction by diseases and insects. The branch dieback ranged from 5 to 20%, cavity development ranged from 10 to 100$cm^3$, detachment of cambial tissue ranged from 5 to 45%, and infliction by diseases and insects ranged from 5 to 20%. Soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12 to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, while soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm. Results of correlation analysis showed that coverage of bald land was the most serious factor to deteriorate the cavity development and detachment of cambial tissue. In addition, chemical properties of soils seemed to be related to the health of the trees.