• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the state of rocks in load steps by using the low-frequency ultrasonic flaw detection method. The initial Vp-velocities measured with a CND tester were in the order of Z-axis < X-axis < Y-axis, with 1687.5 m/s along the X-axis, 1690.7 m/s along the Y-axis, 1548.3 m/s along the Z-axis, and an average of 1642.2 m/s. The overall average of the Q vlaues, measured with a Silver Schmidt hammer, was 62.6, which corresponds to a uniaxial compressive strength of ~105 MPa. The Vp-velocity, measured with a low-frequency ultrasonic flaw detector at load steps of 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, typically decreases in the order of X-axis < Y-axis < Z-axis with increasing load steps. This oder contrasts with that of the initial Vp-velocities. As the load step increases the factors that reduce the Vp-velocity in the X-axis direction are more influential than those in the Y-axis or Z-axis directions. This indicates that the initial state of rocks can vary and is dependent on the stress state.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 1985

본 연구의 목적은 외적요인으로서 바람과 내적요인들이 탄자에 영향을 미칠때 탄의 동적특성변화를 예측하는데 있다. 즉 탄의 X.Y.Z축 자취, .alpha.각(angle of atta- ck)의 변화, .PHI.와 .theta.의 관계 그리고 사각과 바람에 의한 탄의 동적특성변화등을 해석 하는데에 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-360
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• 2011

Machine tools of Gantry type have been performing machine work as a moving machinery. In a large machine tools, the machinery is moving with bed and it is structurally unstable. When the objects are processed, machine tools gets loads in the direction of Z-axis. In other words, the machine tools which become bigger was performed by the trend of complexation. It made that the increased machine weight can't be passed over. In order to enhance manufacturing precision, it needs to compensate Z-axis deflection of weight for machine tools. In this paper, Machine tools of Gantry type were miniaturized and deflection was measured by LVDT sensors. When deflection was measured, block mass weighted 50kg is moving on particular distance. Then, the displacement of fixed point and moving point is measured by recording telemeter.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

A novel Solid Freeform Fabrication System, which makes prototype by cutting tapes at the boundary of object and accumulating the tapes, has been developed. In order to overcome the staircase shape at the surface of prototype, the laser beam is irradiated tangent to the surface. Five axis cutting system and the tangent cutting trajectory generation algorithm have been developed.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

Purpose: To get a 3-D coordinates of intracranial target position was investicated in axial, sagittal and coronal magnetic resonance imaging with a preliminary experimented target localizer. Material and methods : In preliminal experiments, the localizer is made of engineering plastic to avoid the distrubance of magnetic field during the MR image scan. The MR localizer displayed the 9 points in three different axial tomogram. The bright signal of localizer was obtjained from 0.1～0.3％ of paramagnetic gadolinium/DTPA solution in T1WI or T2WI. In this study, the 3-D position of virtual targets were examined from three different axial MR images and the streotactic position was compared to that of BRW stereotactic system in CT scan with same targets. Results: This study provided the actual target position could be obtained from single scan with MRI localizer which has inverse N-typed 9 bars. This experiment was accomplished with shimming test for detection of image distortion in MR image. However we have not found the image distortion in axial scan. The maximum error of target positions showed 1.0 mm in axial, 1.3 mm for sagittal and 1.7 mm for coronal image, respectivelly. The target localization in MR localizer was investicated with spherical virtual target in skull cadaver. Furthermore, the target position was confirmed with CRW stereotactic system showed a 1.3 mm in discrepancy. Summary : The intracranial target position was determined within 1.7 mm of discrepancy with designed MR localizer. We found the target position from axial image has more small discrepancy than that of sagittal and coronal image.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.412-418
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• 2013

To study the positioning error according to the use of belly board and body mass index (BMI) for rectal cancer radiotherapy, a retrospective study was conducted on 114 patients from January 2012 to March 2013. The median age of the patients was 58 (29-83 years), mean BMI was $23.35kg/m^2$ ($16.55-31.15kg/m^2$), 31 patients used belly board and 83 did not use belly board. There were a total of 527 AP & LAT images of treatment (EPID), and the mean and standard deviation of each X, Y, Z axis were $1.66{\pm}1.55mm$, $1.64{\pm}1.56mm$, and $1.99{\pm}1.75mm$, respectively. Based on the BMI of 24 or higher, error occurrence risk of higher or equal to 2mm on Z axis was 4.8 times higher compared to BMI of 24 or lower (p<0.001), and when BMI was 24 or higher in case the belly board was not used, the error occurrence risk of higher or equal to 2mm on the z-axis was 3.6 times higher (p<0.011). Radiation therapy for rectal cancer patients, using Belly Board for both the ones wearing fistula and with high BMI may be effective in decreasing the positioning errors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2014

Seasickness not only makes persons on board vessels to vomit but also causes vertigo, headache, sleepiness, fatigue, lethargy and other discomforts. This ailment leads to disturbance of biorhythm and decline of perception which would eventually cause reduction of situational awareness among ship's operators that leads to marine accident. This study is about the sensitivity of people onboard ships to seasickness and focused on deck or navigation officer cadets(apprentice officers) and engine officer cadets(apprentice engineers) who have no previous experiences on board. It is conducted by using motion sensor that can measure ship's X, Y, Z-axis motions and through the questionnaire survey, and evaluated each students' degree of seasickness symptoms. Through this study, in same circumstance, we have known that there are different degrees of motion sickness for wheel house worker and engine room worker, It also confirmed that seasickness have high relationship with degree of hull motion and also, with cycle of hull motion. In addition, we have confirmed that Z-axis hull movement has higher relationship with seasickness than X-axis and Y-axis hull movements. This study aims to initiate additional researches about X-axis and Y-axis of the ship's motion which it expects to greatly enhance safety of wheelhouse and engine room personnel, ship's livability and comfortable sailing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2024

The elbow joint is made up of three different bones. X-rays or other radiological exams are commonly used to diagnose elbow injuries or disorders caused by physical activity and external forces. Previous research on the elbow joint reported a new examination method that meets the imaging evaluation criteria in the tilt position by Z-axis elevation of the forearm. Therefore, this study aims to design an optimized instrument and develop an aid applicable to other upper extremity exams. After completing the 2D drawing and 3D modeling design, the final design divided into four parts was fabricated with a 3D printer using ABS plastic and assembled. The developed examination aid consists of a four-stage Z-axis elevation tilt angle function (0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°) and can rotate and fixate 360° in 1-degree increments. It was designed to withstand a maximum equivalent stress of 56.107 Pa and a displacement of 1.6548e-5 mm through structural analysis to address loading issues caused by cumulative frequency of use and physical utilization. In addition to X-ray exams of the elbow joint, the developed aid can be used for shoulder function tests by rotating the humerus and also be applied to MRI and CT exams as it is made of non-metallic materials. It will contribute to the accuracy and efficiency of medical imaging diagnosis through clinical applications of various devices and medical imaging exams in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.64-69
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• 1993

최근의 생산시스템은 FMS,FMC와 같은 고도로 자동화된 무인시스템으로 운용되고 있으며, 생산성 향상을 위한 무인운전의 필요성이 증대되고 있으나, 숙련된 작업자를 대신하여 작업상태를 감시하는 신뢰성 있는 감시 시스템의 부족으로 인해 곤란을 겪고 있다.따라서 작업자를 대신할수 있는 신뢰성있는 감시 시스템의 개발을 필요로 한다. 특히 공구파손,공구마멸과 같은 공구손상은 공작물 및 기계에 치명적 손상을 초래하고, 기계정지시간을 증가시키므로 공구파손 검출과 공구마멸의 실시간 센싱은 가공 프로세스의 자동화와 신뢰성을 증가시키는데 가장 중요한 역활을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 드릴가공시 검출한 주축 및 Z축 모터전류를 기초로 하여 드릴마멸을 추정하는 모델을 개발하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.57-63
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• 2001

Tensor 하면 최근 3D로 white matter내의 섬유질을 멋있게 그려내는 diffusion tensor를 연상합니다. 하지만 여기서 다룰 tensor는 수학적 연산자(operator)입니다. NMR 혹은 MRI에서 스핀을 vector로 표시하고, 이 vector 스핀이 90도 rf pulse에 의해서 z축에서 x-y Plane으로 rotation되는 것을 vector diagram으로 나타냅니다. 그런데 이 vector notation으로는 스핀에 일어나는 여러 현상들을 수식적으로 모델 하는데 한계가 있습니다. 그래서 도입된 모델이 product operator와 tensor operator입니다 (1, 2, 3). 한 예로 우리가 다루는 proton NMR 신호가 single quantum인데 23Na 등에는 multiple quantum 신호가 생기게 되며 이는 vector로는 나타낼 수가 없으며 tensor로 분석이 가능합니다 (4, 5).