• Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Objectives : Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and meta-analyses indicate that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the a-1C subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (BDs). We investigated the association between the genetic variants on CACNA1C and schizophrenia and/or BDs in the Korean population. Methods : A total of 582 patients with schizophrenia, 336 patients with BDs consisting of 179 bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and 157 bipolar II disorder (BD-II), and 502 healthy controls were recruited. Based on previous results from other populations, three SNPs (rs10848635, rs1006737, and rs4765905) were selected and genotype-wise association was evaluated using logistic regression analysis under additive, dominant and recessive genetic models. Results : rs10848635 showed a significant association with schizophrenia (p=0.010), the combined schizophrenia and BD group (p=0.018), and the combined schizophrenia and BD-I group (p=0.011). The best fit model was dominant model for all of these phenotypes. The association remained significant after correction for multiple testing in schizophrenia and the combined schizophrenia and BD-I group. Conclusion : We identified a possible role of CACNA1C in the common susceptibility of schizophrenia and BD-I. However no association trend was observed for BD-II. Further efforts are needed to identify a specific phenotype associated with this gene crossing the current diagnostic categories.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.16
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• pp.69-85
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• 2003

Death has been one of the basic objects in philosophy and religion. Why do people feel afraid about death? Maybe it is because they don't know the situation after death or because they have a wrong idea about it. Someone may think that he/she doesn't care the situation. But this attitude is wrong. We must understand that our attitude about life is shaped by our knowledge of the situation after death. A recurrent theme about death in popular thought is the idea that death is mysterious. As we have seen, it is difficult to formulate a satisfactory philosophical analysis of the concept of death. If it is impossible to analyse the concept of death, then it is impossible to explain precisely what we mean when we say that something dies. It might be said therefore that, in virtue of this fact, death is mysterious. Of course, death is not distinctively mysterious - all other unanalysable concepts are equally mysterious in this way. Reflection on death gives rise to a variety of philosophical questions. One of the deepest of these is a question about the nature of death. Typically, philosophers interpret this question as a call for an analysis or definition of the concept of death. Plato, for example, proposed to define death as the separation of soul from body. However, this definition is not acceptable to those who think that there are no souls. It is also unacceptable to anyone who thinks that plants and lower animals have no souls, but can nonetheless die. Others have defined death simply as the cessation of life. This too is problematic, since an organism that goes into suspended animation ceases to live, but may not actually die. The eastern philosophers proposed to define death as the nonduality of life and death. Taoists, for example, do not believe in the Wheel of Life of the Buddhists nor in the Heaven or Hell of Christianity. Taoists view existence as glorious. The whole Universe, they teach, is a marvelous, vibrant Unity wherein everything, visible and invisible, pulses with energy and changes. As being develops through the experience of existence, its vessels are swept onwards by the mighty stream of the eternal TAO to other forms of expression and activity. Man does not die; he merely extends into new fields. Taoists teach that the end of a person is the return to the Ultimate Reality. "Life is uncertain - Death is certain": This is a well known saying in Buddhism. Knowing very well that death is certain and it is a natural phenomenon that everyone has to face, we should not be afraid of death. Yet, instinctively, all of us fear death because we do not know how to think of its inevitability. We like to cling to our life and body and so develop too much craving and attachment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.63-65
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• 2023

BIM and AR technologies have been assessed as a means of enhancing productivity within the construction industry, through the provision of effortless access to critical data on site, achieved via the projection of 3D models and associated information onto actual structures. However, most of the previous researches for applying AR technology in construction quality management has been performed for construction projects in general, resulting in only overall on-site management solutions. Also, a few previous researches for the application of AR in the quality management of specific elements like reinforcements focused only on simple projection, so conducting specific quality inspection was impossible. Hence, this study aimed to develop a practically applicable BIM-based AR quality management system targeted for reinforcements. For the development of this system, the reinforcement inspection items on the quality checklist used at railway construction sites were analyzed, and four types of AR functions that can effectively address these items were developed and installed. The validation result of the system for the actual railway bridge showed a degradation of projection stability. This problem was solved through model simplification and enhancement of the AR device's hardware performance, and then the normal operation of the system was validated. Subsequently, the final developed reinforcement quality inspection system was evaluated for practical applicability by on-site quality experts, and the efficiency of inspection would significantly increase when using the AR system compared to the current inspection method for reinforcements.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2022

도라지(Platycodon grandiflorum)는 초롱꽃과 도라지속에 속하는 여러해살이풀로 7~8월에 보라색이나 흰색의 꽃을 피우고, 뿌리는 다육질로 원주형 또는 분지형이다. 잎은 거의 엽병이 없는 대생이며, 종자는 난형으로 3개의 모서리가 있다. 항염증 성분인 플라티코딘이 들어있어 편도염을 비롯한 후두염, 폐렴 등에 효과가 있어 우리나라 약용작물 재배면적의 상위를 차지하고 있는 주요 작물이다. 최근, 백수오, 감초 등 심근성 약용작물은 뿌리의 수확 비용 절감을 위해 용기재배가 도입되고 있다. 본 연구는 도라지 용기재배에 적합한 용기의 규격과 고온 경감을 위한 용기 재료 선발을 위해 수행하였다. 도라지 용기재배에 적합한 용기의 규격 선발은 기본 용기로 플라스틱 플륨관을 사용하였고, 높이는 40cm로 고정하여 직경을 10, 20, 30cm로 처리하였다. 2019년 4월 하순에 도라지 종자를 파종하여 용기 규격별로 각각 1주(10cm), 4주(20cm), 8주(30cm)를 남겨 두고 솎음 다음, 2020년 10월 하순에 수확하였다. 도라지의 생육 및 수량성을 조사한 결과, 용기의 직경이 증가함에 따라 근장, 근경, 근중 등 지하부 생육이 우수한 경향이었다. 또한, 10a당 수량은 노지재배 749kg에 비해 직경 10cm 778kg, 20cm 849kg, 30cm 1,156kg로 직경 30cm가 가장 우수하였다. 직경이 증가할수록 수량성이 증가하였으나 직경 30cm 이상의 용기는 수확 시 노동력이 증가하고, 배양토 비용이 증가하여 사용하지 않았다. 고온 경감을 위한 용기 재료 선발은 흰색과 검정색 플라스틱 플륨관을 높이 40cm × 직경 30cm 규격으로 절단하여 2020년 4월에 도라지 종자를 파종하였고, 2021년 10월 하순에 수확하였다. 이 중 검정색 용기는 무처리(대조), 유공, 반유공, 흰색부직포, 반사필름 처리를 하였다. 도라지의 수량성을 조사한 결과, 검정색 용기 중 유공처리가 무처리 대비 수량이 21%(1,080 → 1,304kg/10a) 증가하였다. 위의 결과로 도라지는 직경 30cm의 검정색 유공 용기가 용기재배에 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.47-62
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• 2023

Using the dynamic panel model, this study investigates rent determinants for small and medium-sized office buildings in Korea's CBD and Gangnam areas, key business districts. The results reveal that rents for small and medium-sized office buildings in CBD and Gangnam areas are influenced by macroeconomic fluctuations and characteristics of buildings and locations, suggesting a market with both spatial consumer and investment goods attributes. There are several investment implications as follows. First, even if the location in the CBD area is advantageous, the practical limitations in renovating aging small and medium-sized office buildings must be taken into account when investing. Second, parking conditions are a key factor influencing rent prices in CBD areas, so evaluating the parking facilities and improvement potential of small and medium-sized office buildings is essential for investors. Finally, due to the high sensitivity of Gangnam's small and medium-sized office market to macroeconomic trends, it's vital to prioritize monetary policy shifts as a key factor in investment decisions.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.562-568
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• 2021

Seat reservations and civil complaints in the library reading room have been done face-to-face by managers, and efficient management has been difficult. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to take action in the event of a civil complaint due to user inconvenience, such as a noise problem between users in the reading room. In this study, an online reservation system was developed for efficient management of seats in the library reading room so that it could be serviced non-face-to-face. In addition, when using the library reading room, it is possible to apply for non-face-to-face civil complaints when complaints occur due to noise problems between users, loss of belongings, and snoring during the user's sleep. Managers can smoothly manage library reading rooms through non-face-to-face inconvenience reports. It is possible to increase the satisfaction of using the library by resolving the inconvenience of users. The developed service app allows seat reservations and anonymous inconvenience reports. The administrator can check the received inconvenience report and warn the user of the seat with an IoT sensor-based LED. When corrective action is completed, the result of the action may be fed back to the reporter.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.97-115
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• 2023

In recent years, the structure of the population has been changing rapidly, with a declining birthrate and aging population, and the inequality of population distribution is expanding. At this point, changes in population estimation methods are required, and more accurate estimates are needed at the subregional level. This study aims to estimate the population in 2040 at the 500m grid level by applying an explainable machine learning to Busan in order to respond to this need for a change in population estimation method. Comparing the results of population estimation by applying the explainable machine learning and the cohort component method, we found that the machine learning produces lower errors and is more applicable to estimating areas with large population changes. This is because machine learning can account for a combination of variables that are likely to affect demographic change. Overestimated population values in a declining population period are likely to cause problems in urban planning, such as inefficiency of investment and overinvestment in certain sectors, resulting in a decrease in quality in other sectors. Underestimated population values can also accelerate the shrinkage of cities and reduce the quality of life, so there is a need to develop appropriate population estimation methods and alternatives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.876-888
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• 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the diameter and volume of liver metastases on CT images in relation to overall survival and tumor response in patients with gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) treated with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods We recruited 43 patients with GCLM who underwent chemotherapy as a first-line treatment. We performed a three-dimensional quantification of the metastases for each patient. An independent survival analysis using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was performed and compared to volumetric measurements. Overall survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using Cox proportional hazard ratios following univariate analyses. Results When patients were classified as responders or non-responders based on volumetric criteria, the median overall survival was 23.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.63-38.57] and 7.6 months (95% CI, 3.78-11.42), respectively (p = 0.039). The volumetric analysis and RECIST of the non-progressing and progressing groups showed similar results based on the Kaplan-Meier method (p = 0.006) and the Cox proportional hazard model (p = 0.008). Conclusion Volumetric assessment of liver metastases could be an alternative predictor of overall survival for patients with GCLM treated with chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.482-497
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• 2023

Sonazoid, a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent, was introduced for the diagnosis of hepatic nodules. To clarify the issues with Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Korean Society of Radiology and Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology collaborated on the guidelines. The guidelines are de novo, evidence-based, and selected using an electronic voting system for consensus. These include imaging protocols, diagnostic criteria for HCC, diagnostic value for lesions that are inconclusive on other imaging results, differentiation from non-HCC malignancies, surveillance of HCC, and treatment response after locoregional and systemic treatment for HCC.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2022

Objective: To compare the clinical and radiologic findings between perforated and non-perforated choledochal cysts in children. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 1.7 ± 1.2 years) with perforated choledochal cysts (perforated group) and 204 patients (3.6 ± 3.8 years) with non-perforated choledochal cysts (non-perforated group) were included between 2000 and 2019. All patients underwent choledochal cyst excision after ultrasound, CT, or MR cholangiopancreatography. Relevant data including demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging findings, and outcomes were analyzed. Statistical differences were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Choledochal cyst perforation occurred only in children under the age of 4 years. Acute symptoms, including fever (p < 0.001), were more common in the perforated group than in the non-perforated group. High levels of white blood cells (p = 0.004), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), and serum amylase (p = 0.002), and low levels of albumin (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the perforated group. All 14 patients with perforated choledochal cysts had ascites, whereas only 16% (33/204) of patients in the non-perforated group had ascites (p < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients who had ascites, a large amount of ascites (p = 0.001), increase in the amount of ascites in a short time (p < 0.001), complex ascites (p < 0.001), and perihepatic pseudocysts (p < 0.001) were more common in the perforated group than in the non-perforated group. Conclusion: Children with perforated choledochal cysts have characteristic clinical and radiologic findings compared to those with non-perforated choledochal cysts. In young children with choledochal cysts, perforation should be differentiated in cases with acute symptoms, laboratory abnormalities, and characteristic ascites findings.