• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2020

Telmisartan is an angiotensin-II receptor blocker and acts as a selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Several studies have demonstrated that telmisartan ameliorates depression and memory dysfunction and reduces brain inflammation. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of telmisartan on brain could be due to modulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Here, we examined the effect of telmisartan on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) which plays an important role in leukocyte transcytosis through the BBB. Telmisartan blocked TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion in U87MG human glioma cells but showed no effect on human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In U87MG cells, a PPAR antagonist, GW9662 did not block the effect of telmisartan on ICAM1 expression but rather potentiated. Moreover, GW9662 caused no change in TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression, suggesting no implication of PPARγ in the telmisartan effect. Further studies showed that telmisartan blocked TNF-α-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB). In contrast, inhibitors of JNK, ERK1/2 and NF-κB but not p38, blocked ICAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α. Thus, our findings suggest that the beneficial effect of telmisartan is likely due to the reduction of astrocytic ICAM1 expression and leukocytes adhesion to astrocytes, and that this response was mediated by the inhibition of JNK/ERK1/2/NF-κB activation and in the PPAR-independent manner. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanism by which telmisartan exerts the beneficial brain function.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2016

We intended to describe a case of chaunocephalosis and morphological characteristics of its causative agent, Chaunocephalus ferox, recovered from an oriental white stork, Ciconia boyciana, in the Republic of Korea. An oriental white stork was referred to the Wildlife Center of Chungbuk in Korea in February 2014 for severe depression with cachexia and it died the next day. At necropsy, the stomach was severely expanded and 7 thick-walled nodules were observed in the upper part of the intestine. Although the stomach was filled with full of foreign materials, the intestine was almost empty. The nodules were globular and total 9 flukes were recovered. They were $8,030-8,091{\mu}m$ in length and $3,318-3,333{\mu}m$ in maximum width. Because the flukes had bulbous forebody with short narrow subcylindrical hindbody, 27 collar spines, and vitelline follicles not reaching to the posterior end, the specimens were identified as being C. ferox. The cyst formation induced thickening of the intestinal wall with narrowing of the lumen that could have contributed to the gastric impaction to the death of the host. This is the first described case of chaunocephalosis and its causative agent C. ferox found from an oriental white stork in Korea.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2021

In this paper, the effect of trim variation on the required power of 11,000TEU container ship was investigated under conditions considering the actual operation speed and draft. For each draft condition, the effective power (P_E) and delivered power (P_D) trends were investigated with changes in trim and ship speed. At this time, the displacement volume was fixed same as the value of the even trim condition and the both sinkage at the fore and after perpendicular are confirmed. The test ship speeds were determined by considering the operating speed. Both numerical and experimental methods were used to analyze the effects of trim variation. Numerical analysis results were used for evaluating the resistance performance, and the self-propulsion performance was estimated using experimental data obtained from model test.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2017

Considering Japan's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction target for Fiscal Year (FY) 2030, the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) was analyzed in order to estimate its significant contribution to Japan's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and check its availability as a new mechanism to achieve Korea's 2030 mitigation target of 11.3% using carbon credits from international market mechanisms. The total budget for JCM Model Projects (1.2 billion JPY/yr) and JCM REDD+ Model Projects (0.8 billion JPY/yr), which are expected to deliver at least 50% of issued credits to Japan, is estimated about 21.6 billion JPY by the year 2030. This budget is about one third of the purchase of carbon credits from international carbon markets. So far, JCM credits of $378tCO_2-eq$. have been allocated to Japan, which are about 77% of the total issued credit through five-JCM Model Projects implemented from the year 2014. It is expected that Japan will obtain about $0.5MtCO_2-eq$. credits more from 100-ongoing JCM Projects, which are only 1% of Japan's NDC target through JCM credits. With regard to regular issued credits from implemented projects, expected new issued credits from pipeline projects and the less budget for JCM implementation as compared to purchasing carbon credits, JCM credits can be reached a resonable level of Japan's NDC target of $50{\times}100MtCO_2-eq$. through JCM until FY 2030.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of science leading schools on primary and middle school students' positive experiences about science (PES) through in-depth interviews with teachers in charge of science leading schools. Science leading schools at the primary and middle school level such as Creative Convergent Science Labs and Student Participatory Science Classes were investigated and 11 teachers were participated in focus group interviews. Teacher in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the factors that led to the effectiveness of science leading schools in improving the student's PES in light of operational characteristics of science leading schools, characteristic factors of science leading schools on students PES, and improvement plans and requirements of science leading schools, as well as implications for general high schools. Science leading schools including Creative Convergent Science Labs and Student Participatory Science Classes applied for the leading school funding to secure supplies, equipments, and lab improvement for authentic science classes. In addition, reconstructed the curriculum more broadly than before, and emphasized and expanded student participatory classes and process-centered assessment at the teacher learning community level. Through student-participatory classes, the science leading schools stimulate students' interest in science, provide students with PES) through various instructions including projects, engage students in interesting science experiences in Creative Convergent Science Labs, and enhance inquiry skills and PES as well as science content knowledge. Based on the results, ways to spread the characteristics of science leading schools to general schools are suggested including expanding budget support, securing the space of science labs and improving spatial composition, providing diverse teaching and learning materials, diversifying assessment subjects and methods, and the necessity of teachers' continuous professional development, etc.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 대학 이공계열 대학생들의 과학과 선수과목 이수에 대한 인식을 조사하고, 고등학교 과학 교과의 선택권을 실질적으로 보장하는 방안을 모색하려는 것이다. 이를 위해 516명의 이공계열 대학 재학생들을 대상으로 전공과 관련성 높은 고등학교 과학 과목에 대한 인식 및 관련 교과목 이수 실태, 학과 적응, 전공 공부에 미치는 영향 등에 관한 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 이공계 대학생들은 9개 전공 계열 중 5개 계열에서 물리를, 3개 계열에서 화학을 자신의 전공과 관련성이 높은 과학 영역으로 지목하였다. 고등학교에서 전공과 관련성이 높은 과학I, II 과목을 모두 이수한 집단이 학과 만족, 해당 과목 이수 여부가 전공 공부에 미치는 영향 등에서 가장 긍정적으로 응답하였다. 연구 결과를 토대로 과학II 과목이 개설될 수 있는 여건 조성, IT와의 연계성 제고를 통한 과학 II과목의 경쟁력 향상, 고등학교 과학과 선수과목과 대학전공 공부의 연계성에 관한 보다 실증적인 연구의 필요성 등을 제안하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2019

고령인구의 수가 증가함에 따라 무치악 환자의 비율이 높아지고 있으며, 전통적인 방식의 의치의 수요 또한 증가할 것으로 분석된다. 전통적인 방식의 의치에서 만족 할 만한 의치를 제작하기 위해서는 상,하악 치조제의 관계 및 형태에 맞춰 치아를 배열하는 것이 중요하다. 본 증례는 79세 여자 환자로 환자의 심리 및 경제적인 이유로 급여 의치 제작을 희망하였다. 치조골이 심하게 위축된 상태로 치조제 간의 위치관계에 대한 정확한 평가를 위해 교합기에 부착한 주모형을 스캔하여 치과용 CAD 소프트웨어를 활용하였고, 프로그램 상에서 치조제 관계를 확인하여 치조정간선 법칙에 따라 구치부는 교차교합 형태로 배열하였다. 완성 후 정기적인 검사 및 치료 결과 의치는 적절한 안정과 유지를 보였으며 환자 역시 높은 만족감을 표현하였다. 본 증례에서는 완전 무치악 환자에서 치조제 간의 측방적 관계를 정확하게 분석하기 위해 디지털 기술을 활용하여 진단 및 치료의 효율성을 높일 수 있었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2022

The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) is the Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) under development in Korea. KASS navigation service support navigation Safety of Life (SoL) service. KASS signal provides corrections to Global Positioning System (GPS) data received from KASS Reference Stations (KRS) and is broadcast form Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellites to KASS users and is used by GPS/SBAS user equipment to improve the accuracy, availability, continuity and integrity of the navigation solution. Seven KRS's collect the satellite data and send them to the KASS Processing Stations (KPS) for the generation of the corrections and the monitoring the integrity. For performing its computation the KPS needs to know accurate and reliable KRS antennas coordinates. These coordinates are provided as configuration parameters to the KPS. This means that the reference frame in which the KPS work is the one represented by the set of coordinates provided as input. Therefore, the activity to maintain the accuracy of the KRS antenna coordinates is necessary, knowing that coordinates can evolve due to earth plates movements or earthquakes. In this paper, we analyzed the geodetic survey results for KRS antenna coordinates from Site Acceptance Test (SAT) #1 in December 2020 to August 2022. In the future, it is expected that these activities and planning for KRS coordinates maintenance will be produced and provided to KASS system operators for KPS configuration updates during the KASS lifetime of 15 years. Through these maintenance activities, it is expected that monitoring and analysis of unpredictable events such as earthquakes and seism will be possible in the future.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the Chinese robe styles of the Paris and Beijing collections from 2014 to 2018 to find the differences between the expressions of European and Chinese designers on the Chinese robe style. The methods of research were a literature review to derive the design analysis items of Chinese robe styles, and a case analysis. The results are as follows. First, both the Paris and Beijing collections showed an increase in use of Chinese robe styles year by year. Second, in the Paris collection, designs using qipao styles from the Republic of China era appeared the most among the robe styles of various Chinese dynasties. Qipao style appeared the most in the Beijing collection too, but the robe styles from the era of Pre-Qin, Qin, Han, Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties appeared more often than in the Paris collection. Third, in the comparison of silhouette type, there were mostly X-type silhouettes in the Paris collection and A-type silhouettes in the Beijing collection. As for neckline and sleeve type, both collections showed stand collars and tube sleeves. Fourth, in color comparison, there were mostly red-based colors in the Paris collection and blue-based colors in the Beijing collection. Fifth, in the comparison of pattern type, there were the mostly plant motif patterns in the Paris collection, and complex patterns in the Beijing collection. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the Chinese robe styles of the Paris Collection expressed a design fused with various styles due to the tendency to respect the diversity of various cultures and of the Beijing Collection emphasized the beauty and ethnicity of traditional Chinese clothing.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2021

This study aims to provide inspiration and methods for menswear design by analyzing elements for men's fashion using flower images. The results are as follows: Men's fashion types with flower images were categorized as classic tailored, casual tailored, casual wear, sports-outdoor. The order of frquency was casual tailored, casual, classic tailored, and sports outdoor. For the classic tailored type, the flower images are related with an X-line silhouette, and the arrangement methods, such as a scattered patterns, one-point patterns, and surface techniques, such as printing and embroidery were used, and similar color or monochromatic schemes appeared sequentially. For the casual tailored type, the flower images are related to an H-line silhouette, arrangement methods such as a scattered pattern, panel pattern, and surface techniques, such as print, embroidery, and jacquard were used, similar color and accent color schemes appeared sequentially. For the casual type, the flower images are related to H-line and Y-line silhouettes, and arrangement methods, such as a scattered pattern, all-round continuous pattern, and panel pattern, and surface techniques, such as print, jacquard, embroidery, and patchwork were used, similar color and contrast color schemes appeared sequentially. For the sports outdoor type, the flower image were related to A-line and H-line silhouettes, arrangement methods, such as a scattered pattern and all-round continuous pattern, and surface techniques, such as print and jacquard were used, monochromatic scheme and contrast color schemes appeared sequentially. Therefore, the flower images in men's fashion were applied to various design elements, and displayed an interesting result, different from conventional design approach.