• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.220-237
• /
• 2014

This study was intended to survey on the restaurant selection preferences by elderly consumers' values and lifestyle. The survey was residing in Seoul and men and women who were 55 years of age or older to achieve the purpose of this study, the theoretical and empirical research methods research methods were combined. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, Action oriented intrinsic value of elderly consumers highest lifestyle influence. This is an internal value-oriented elderly consumers to follow the latest fashion trends and challenges in the new one, we enjoyed the service and sometimes want to experience the frenetic fun means. Second, Realization oriented lifestyle on the Brand standards, food quality standards, environmental standards positive effect was found to be Principle oriented life style based on the environment positively influence. This trend Principle oriented lifestyle can talk comfortably while you can relax and quiet around people, mainly from a reputable place, and action-oriented selection of the hotels facilities and senior discount price menu and the service is friendly and Notice that if you use a little less meoleodo, and these results are only for the elderly consumers with access privileges and services using the factors of elderly consumers loyalty and Catering Food service satisfaction should be efforts to raise. Third, elderly consumers select attribute value and proven results Food service elderly consumers based on personal values and lifestyle are different catering companies can select the properties that standard means, elderly consumers are value-oriented properties and select the Food Service Industry catering companies by identifying the active elderly consumers in future marketing strategies to be able to bring a positive impact considered.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.125-141
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate Home Economics(HE) teachers' perception of Home Economics curriculum perspective and their instructional culture, and to find out correlations between them. 210 questionnaires were used for analysis. The results are as follows. First, our research showed that the preferences of HE teachers with respect to curriculum perspectives were in the order of the interpretive, emancipatory, and technical perspectives. However, there was no consistency among findings in the preferences for the sub-elements of a curriculum. Second, our results indicated that HE teachers performed their role affirmatively in terms of instructional culture such as the 'cooperation between teachers', the 'class focused on student', and the 'learning materials preparation'. Third, there was a statistically significant difference in five elements such as the 'cooperation among teachers' between the HE teachers' curriculum perspectives and their instructional culture. Fourth, there was a statistically significant difference in the 4 factors of 'instructional culture' between the teacher group whose curriculum preference was clear and those group whose curriculum preferences was vague.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.207-232
• /
• 2001

Many customer satisfaction studies have accepted the confimation/disconfirmation paradigm, but the findings as the antecedents of consumer satisfaction are mixed. So rather than asking whether or not there is a direct effect of a certain variable on satisfaction, it is necessary asking when does a certain variable have a direct effect on satisfaction. According to this result, we assume that the situation has a direct effect on satisfaction. So this study has investigated the moderating role of perceived heterogeneity as a unit of situation, in the process of customer satisfaction formation, especially on public service. We have found such thing as follows. 1) situation has an effect on customer satisfaction. 2) perceived heterogeneity of the customers, as a situation variable, lets the process of their satisfaction formation differ. 3) through these studies, the confirmation/disconfirmation paradigm are able to extend on public services.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.28-45
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to diagnose actual condition of preference of hair-styling, hair-styling techniques, management, grasping a consumer's consciousness, etc with women living in a city. The survey was gotten to a feminine customer who visited the ten of beauty-shops in shopping center. And statistical data about the actual condition of hair-styling preference realities, hair-styling method and style management was entered into the SPSS statistics analysis system. In brief, be as follows by the results of study. There showed significant difference that noted in hair-style information and basis alternative a beauty salon, there were able to know people whose age is from 20's to 40's got mainly an influence of public media very much and from 40's to 50's got mainly an influence of people around them. Basis alternative of a beauty salon showed significant difference to follow age categories. It appeared that introducing from people around them have a effect on the 20's and 30's, and 40's got an influence of convenience of traffic, and 50's got mainly the shortest distance. In an attitude toward a hair style, especially toward hair cut, a case to do hair cut was most a lot of in own selections, and its result was independent of age categories. The reason that wants to give a chance was most a lot of thinking without an age. Preference length of hair cut showed a significant difference according to age. In permanent section, own selections appeared most regardless of age. And in the permanent motive, also, to have a change appeared most regardless of age. And people had a preference natural to role up to setting regardless of age in permanent wave. In hair color section, women whose age is 20's, 30's, 40's had a motive for a change, on the other hand, 50's and their senior had a motive for a gray hair. Women of all over the age almost knew a fashion color, and they had a preference brown color. In a preference way along a hair color kind, there was a significant difference according to age, also. 20's and 30's did mainly 'semi-permanent coating' and 40's and 50's did mainly 'permanent hair color'. In a attitude about a hair-style management, the more age is young, the more a period is long term. And the more age is old, the more the outlay for price of cut is expensive. But, on the contrary, permanent price showed that the more age is young, the more the outlay for price of permanent is expensive. In hair color, the more age is old, the more a period is short and the more price is low.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.381-387
• /
• 2014

Food irradiation is one of the successful modern techniques used to preserve food. However, it needs very careful control. Detection of irradiated food is of prime importance to facilitate global trade and consumer assurance, choice, and protection. This study was performed to evaluate the radiation-induced hydrocarbon content of dried squid and octopus by e-beam irradiation. The samples were collected from supermarkets all over South Korea and irradiated with an e-beam at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 kGy doses. Lipids were extracted with soxhelt, and the hydrocarbons induced with irradiation were separated via solid phase extraction (SPE) and identified via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major induced hydrocarbons in the irradiated dried squid and octopus were 1-tetradecene and pentadecane derived from palmitic acid and 1-hexadecene and heptadecane from stearic acid. The concentration of hydrocarbons differed from the composition of the fatty acid at the same radiation and increased according to the level of the radiation dose. The hydrocarbons induced by e-beam irradiation, including 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, and heptadecane, were confirmed to have been the irradiation marker compounds. Therefore, they can be used to distinguish the e-beam-irradiated dried squid and octopus from the non-irradiated ones.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of guava leaf powder as a natural tenderizing ingredient for low-fat pork seasoned with meat sauce, and to promote a consumer demand and practical use of low-fat pork. Moisture content, pH, color, texture, and sensory tests (quantitative descriptive sensory evaluations and acceptance) were conducted to the control and 5 samples of pork seasoned with 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3% guava leaf powder) to determine the highest effectiveness on tenderizing pork. Moisture content and pH values were the highest in the samples with 1% and 1.5% of guava leaf powder added. L-value of cooked meat decreased, while a-value increased. In the texture test, most of the experiments showed the best values in the sample with 1.5% added. Based on quantitative descriptive sensory evaluations, the unpleasant smell of meat tended to decrease with more guava leaf powder, and the scores of the others were highest in the sample with 1.5% added. This sample also got the highest score in the acceptance test. These results can be used as primary data for research on the tenderizing effect of a functional ingredient and solutions to unbalanced consumption of pork.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the total phenol, total flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin contents of fermented black rice and its fractions, as well as to assess the antioxidant activities. Antioxidative activities were assessed in various in vitro models using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and nitrite scavenging activity (Griess reagent assay). Our results show that the antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the low-molecular fraction of fermented black rice than in the other samples (p<0.05). Among the fermented black rice and its fractions, the low-molecular fraction had the highest total phenol ($109.2{\pm}2.9$ mg GAE, gallic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoids ($39.4{\pm}0.8$ mg RE, rutin equivalent/g), and proanthocyanidin ($32.9{\pm}1.4$ mg CE, catechin equivalent/g) contents, which correlated strongly with its antioxidative activity. Considering the high consumer demand due to the beneficial health effects, fermented black rice and its fractions can be utilized to develop functional food, as well as health-promoting and pharmaceutical agents.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to provide basic data for the re-establishment of standards (criteria) and analytical methods for hazardous metals in nail enamel. Methods: Ten metals (lead; Pb, arsenic; As, cadminum; Cd, antimony: Sb, cobalt; Co, nikel; Ni, copper; Cu, chromium; Cr, aluminum; Al, and mercury; Hg) were measured in 67 commercial nail enamels containing glitter and/or pearls. The content of hazardous metals (excepting Hg) was determined by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion. Mercury content was measured by a mercury analyzer without any preparation. Results: The detected ranges of the intact samples were as follows: $ND-1.756{\mu}g/g$ for Pb, $ND-1.24{\mu}g/g$ for As, ND for Cd, $ND-20.41{\mu}g/g$ for Sb, $ND-12.36{\mu}g/g$ for Co, $ND-7.908{\mu}g/g$ for Ni, $0.088-79.27{\mu}g/g$ for Cu, $0.281-18.54{\mu}g/g$ for Cr, $13.78-3563{\mu}g/g$ for Al, and $ND-0.044{\mu}g/g$ for Hg. After centrifugation, the detected ranges of supernatant were as follows: $ND-0.435{\mu}g/g$ for Pb, $ND-0.504{\mu}g/g$ for As, ND for Cd, $ND-0.035{\mu}g/g$ for Sb, $ND-13.17{\mu}g/g$ for Co, $ND-0.232{\mu}g/g$ for Ni, $0.117-90.07{\mu}g/g$ for Cu, $0.174-2.787{\mu}g/g$ for Cr, and $9.459-1565{\mu}g/g$ for Al. The results of this analysis showed that the levels of heavy metals such as Pb, As, and Sb were much higher in the intact samples than those of supernatant. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that the levels of hazardous metals were significantly different depending on the status of the presence of glitter. Based on the results, we recommend that the product consumer refrain from prolonged application of nail enamel, avoid biting or chewing the nails, and wear gloves during cooking and washing dishes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2006

창녕군 증산리 지역은 신규 취수원 확보 일환으로 강변여과 방식 취수 가능성이 한국수자원공사에 의해서 평가되고 있는 지역이다. 강변여과 방식 취수의 타당성 평가를 위해 현장 지질조사, 시추조사, 전기 비저항 탐사 및 고해상도 탄성파 탐사를 수행하였다. 또한 대상 연구지역에서의 개략적 취수 가능량 산정을 위해 모델링 평가가 수행되었으며, 개별 정호에 대한 양수량 산정을 위해 시험 정호를 설치하였다. 현장 시추 조사와 시료에 대한 입도 분석 결과, 연구 지역의 충적층 두께는 35m 전후이며, 주 대수층 구간은 지표하 $25{\sim}35m$인 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 주 대수층 구간의 수리전도도는 $10^{-2}cm/sec$ 이상으로 주로 모래섞인 자갈층으로 구성되어있는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 전기비저항 조사 결과는 부분적으로 매우 낮은 비저항 분포 지층을 보여주고 있으며, 이는 주로 실트 및 점토로 된 지층이 부분적으로 퇴적되어 있음을 지시하며, 고해상도 탄성파 탐사 결과는 전반적으로 지하수위는 지표하부 5m 전후에 분포하고, 충적층의 하부 경계는 35 내지 45m인 것으로 해석되었다. 지하수 모델링을 통해, 취수 목표량인 180,000톤/일은 주대수층까지의 지하수위 강하 없이 확보 가능할 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 개별 정호의 산출 특성을 평가하기 위해 시험 정호를 설치하여, 실제 2,700톤/일 예비 양수 시험을 수행하였다. 예비 양수 시험 결과, 양수정에서의 수위 강하는 개략 10m, 양수정관측정에서는 약 0.3m의 수위강하만이 관찰되었으며, 양수 영향권이 수 십 m를 넘지 않을 것으로 판단되었다.서의 S97과 JBR의 세포감염 억제율은 3.85%와 3.63%로 나타났다. $textsc{k}$-casein, CU는 로타바이러스 S97과 JBR에 대해 농도 2000UM에서 97%이상의 억제효과를 나타냈으며, sialic acid는 억제효과가 거의 없었다. K-casein, GMP는 송아지뿐만 아니라 유아의 로타바이러스에 의한 설사를 억제할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.을 향상하기 위해서는 이러한 부위에 대한 미생물 오염을 낮출 수 있는 세심한 현장 품질관리가 필요하다.en and adolescents, analysed by country, age group and gender. The paper discusses the places young consumers can turn to in trying to fulfil their growing consumer needs. It also examines how much money is at their disposal. It then concludes by considering the influence of "financial socialization" on how young people deal with money.nsumption visions based on the various perspectives, consumers are influenced in the apparel buying decision-making. Many subjects reported experiencing positive affect when imagining positive outcomes of produc

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2011

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are present in many consumer products ranging from fabrics to plastics and electronics. Wide use of flame retardants can pose an environmental hazard, which makes it important to determine the mechanism of their toxicity. In the present study, dose-dependent toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a flame retardant, was examined in male prepubertal rats (postnatal day 18) treated orally with TBBPA at 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg for 30 days. There were no differences in body weight gain between the control and TBBPA-treated groups. However, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in high dose of TBBPA-treated groups. TBBPA treatment led to significant induction of CYP2B1 and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) expression in the liver. In addition, serum thyroxin (T4) concentration was significantly reduced in the TBBPA treated group. These results indicate that repeated exposure to TBBPA induces drug-metabolising enzymes in rats through the CAR signaling pathway. In particular, TBBPA efficiently produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through CYP2B1 induction in rats. We measured 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in the kidney, liver and testes of rats following TBBPA treatment. As expected, TBBPA strongly induced the production of 8-OHdG in the testis and kidney. These observations suggest that TBBPA-induced target organ toxicity may be due to ROS produced by metabolism of TBBPA in Sprague-Dawley rats.