• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

${\beta}$-8-Apo-carotenoic acid ethyl ester (ACA)를 0~300mg/kg을 사료에 첨가하였을 때 산란노계의 피부 및 계육에 미치는 착색효과를 조사하였다. 산란노계에서 황색도($b^*$ )는 모든 부위의 피부에 있어서 ACA를 5~100mg/kg 이상 첨가시 무첨가구보다 유의적으로 높았다(P < 0.05). 날개육, 가슴육 및 다리육에서 유의적 수준의(P < 0.05) 황색도 변화를 일으키기 위해서는 100-200 mg/kg 이상의 ACA 첨가가 필요하며 피부에 비하여 첨가수준이 약간 더 높았다. ACA의 첨가수준에 따른 일령별 난황색의 변화는 급여 1일에서는 무첨가구와 첨가구간에 유의차가(P < 0.05)가 300 mg/kg에서만 보였으나, 2일째부터는 무첨가구에 비하여 모든 첨가구가 유의적으로 높았다(P < 0.05). 1-5주간 급여시 모든 첨가구가 무첨가구보다 첨가수준이나 급여기간에 관계없이 유의적으로 높았다(P < 0.05). 1~5주간 급여시 모든 첨가구가 무첨가구보다 첨가수준이나 급여기간에 관계없이 유의적으로 높았다(P < 0.05).

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1418-1427
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Bacillus-based probiotics supplemented at two different levels to modulate the productive performance, egg quality, tibia traits, and specific cecal bacteria counts of Hy-Line Brown layers from 25 to 37 weeks of age. Methods: A total of 216 twenty-five-week-old hens were randomly distributed into 3 experimental diets with 12 replicates of 6 birds per cage. Diets included basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 3×10⁸ (PRO1), or 3×10⁹ (PRO2) colony-forming unit (CFU) of the test probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 per kilogram of feed. Results: Improved egg weights and mass at 29 weeks; and feed intake at 31 weeks (p<0.10) were noticed with the probiotic-supplemented PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Considering egg quality, the shell thickness, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was lowered (p<0.05) with PRO1 and PRO2 diets at 29 weeks. At both 33 and 37 weeks, the egg-breaking strength, shell color and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was similarly lowered (p<0.05) with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia Ca, ash, weights, and density; and raised cecal counts of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (p<0.05) were noticed with PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia P but reduced Clostridia counts (p<0.10) were also observed with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation of Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 at 3×10⁸ CFU/kg of feed is adequate to significantly improve egg quality, lower yolk cholesterol, enhance several tibia traits, and raise the populations of beneficial cecal bacteria. Modest improvements in several productive parameters and tibia P but reduced Clostridia were also observed; and could warrant further investigation of probiotic effects beyond the current test period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2010

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation in the diet of breeder hens on the egg quality and hatchability, lipid peroxides of the egg yolk, and development of the newly-hatched offspring chicks were investigated. A total of 800 Avian 48, 28 wk-old broiler breeders were assigned randomly to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 45 females and 5 males. Each group was fed one of the following four diets with different oil sources and levels of VE: corn oil (CO), fish oil (FO), CO+VE and FO+VE. The results showed that: i) Addition of FO in the breeder diet reduced the whole egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color score and neonatal offspring chick body weight without affecting the hatchability as compared to the CO treatment. ii) Addition of VE efficiently reduced the lipid peroxides of egg yolk from hens fed diets containing FO. iii) VE in the breeder diet significantly promoted the development of liver and heart of the chick offspring.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

적색 carotenoid인 canthaxanthin의 급여가 산란계육과 난황의 착색도 변화에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 63주령 갈색 산란계(ISA Brown) 225수를 가지고 5주 동안 사양실험을 실시하였다. Canthaxanthin을 5수준으로 사료에 첨가하여 5처리(0, 50, 100, 200, 300mg/kg)로 하였으며, 처리당 3반복, 반복당 15수를 사용하였다. 산란계에서 날개피부 및 다리피부의 적색도는 200mg/kg 이상을 급여하였을 때, 그리고 황색도의 경우 날개피부는 50mg/kg 이상, 다리피부는 200mg/kg 이상을 급여하였을 때 유의적으로 높았다(P＜0.05). 그러나 명도는 날개, 가슴 및 다리피부에서 차이가 없었다. 한편, 날개육과 가슴육의 명도는 300mg/kg 이상을 사료에 첨가(canthaxanthin)시 무첨가구와 유의적인 차이를 보였으나(P＜0.05), 적색도와 황색도는 첨가구간에 차이가 없었다. 난황색(Roche color fan score)은 canthaxanthin 급여 1일에는 차이가 없었으나, 첨가수준에 관계없이 2일째부터 첨가구가 무첨가구보다 유의적으로 높았다(P＜0.05).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effect of different dietary level of rice bran extract (RBO) on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameter, cholesterol, and fatty acids in yolk of Hy-Line Laying hens. In all, 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (29 weeks old) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial basal diet was used and three additional diets were prepared by supplementing 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the bird during 8 weeks. Hen-day egg production increased (quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO, but feed intake, egg weight, and egg mass were not influenced by inclusion of level of RBO in diet. However, the supplementation of RBO did not have an effect on eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color, and HU during the feeding trial. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocyte. However, heterophil and lymphocytes decreased (quadratic, p<0.01) with inclusion level of RBO. H:L ratio tended to decrease (linear p=0.08) with inclusion level of RBO. As expected, increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets decreased (linear, p<0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol in plasma. AST, ALT, glucose, and albumin were not affected by inclusion of RBO in diets. Egg yolk cholesterol increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO in diet. The results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of RBO improves laying performance and decreased total cholesterol and egg yolk cholesterol levels in laying hens. Therefore, dietary RBO is considered a valuable functional ingredient to improve the performance of birds.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2006

계란 품질, 난황 콜레스테롤 함량 및 지방산 조성의 변화에 관한 산란계 사료 내 서로 다른지방의 첨가효과를 조사하였다. 36주령의 Hyline brown 산란계 총 200수(4처리구${\times}$50수/반복)를 공시하여 우지, 옥수수유, 아마인유 및 어유를 각각 5.0% 함유하는 실험사료를 10주간 급여하였다. Haugh unit, 파란 강도, 난각 두께 및 난황색에 대한 처리구 간 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 첨가지방은 계란 콜레스테롤 함량과 고도 불포화지방산 조성을 현저하게 변화시켰다. 난황의 n-6지방산 함량은 옥수수유 첨가구가 31.61%로써 가장 높았고 우지, 아마인유 및 어유 첨가구순으로 낮았으며, n-3 지방산 함량은 아마인유와 어유 첨가구가 각각 9.74%, 5.16%로써 유의적 증가 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 난황지방 산 조성의 n-3지방산 증가는 계란 콜레스테롤 함량 감소를 초래하였다. 난황 콜레스테롤(mg/g yolk) 및 계란 콜레스테롤(mg/60g egg) 범위는 각각 $15.98{\sim}18.37mg$ 및 $227{\sim}261mg$으로써 우지 첨가구가 가장 높았고 어유, 아마인유 및 옥수수유 첨가구 순으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 난황 콜레스테롤의 감소율은 우지 첨가구와 비교하였을 때 어유 13.01%, 아마인유 11.49% 및 옥수수유 6.91%로써 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 산란계 사료 내 첨가되는 지방급원을 조절해 줌으로써 계란 콜레스테롤을 낮출 수 있으며 n-6와 n-3 지방산을 난황으로 축적하는 것이 가능함을 시사해준다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.438-448
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effects of storage time and temperature and their interaction on the hygienic quality parameters of shell eggs. Methods: Eggs from 40-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were sampled immediately after being laid and subjected to storage periods of four weeks at a refrigerated temperature ($4-5^{\circ}C$) or room temperature ($13.0-19.7^{\circ}C$). Interior/exterior qualities were examined every one week. Results: Weight loss was 2.4-3.1%. The initial specific gravity of the eggs was maintained until one week at both temperatures. Air cell size exceeded 4 mm when stored for one week at room temperature, and two weeks at refrigerated temperature. Albumen index and Haugh unit were significantly decreased at both temperatures after one week (p<0.001). Rapidly increased pH of the albumen with one week of storage was observed, regardless of temperature (p<0.001). Extension of the storage for up to four weeks at room temperature resulted in remarkable deterioration of eggshell quality and instrumental color as redness (a). Air cell size, albumen and yolk indices, Haugh unit, pH of albumen and yolk were found to be influenced by storage time and temperature (p<0.001). Interaction effects between storage time and temperature were also significant for air cell size, pH of albumen and yolk (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that air cell size and pH of albumen and yolk were important parameters influenced by storage time and temperature in shell eggs. Storage time was more influential for air cell size, and temperature for the pH of yolk. Both variables almost equally influenced the pH of albumen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2015

Two hundred and sixteen Institut de S$\acute{e}$lection Animale (ISA) brown layers (40 wks of age) were studied for 6 wks to examine the effect of microalgae powder (MAP) on egg production, egg quality, blood lipid profile, and fatty acid concentration of egg yolk. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON (basal diet), ii) 0.5% MAP (CON+0.5% Schizochytrium powder), and iii) 1.0% MAP (CON+1.0% Schizochytrium powder). From 44 to 46 wks, egg production was higher in 1.0% MAP treatment than in control treatment (linear, p = 0.034); however, there was no difference on the egg production from 40 to 43 wks (p>0.05). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the groups fed with MAP, compared to those in groups fed with control diets (Quadratic, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Inclusion of 0.5% MAP in the diet of layers improved egg yolk color, compared with hens fed with basal diet at 46 wks (quadratic, p = 0.044). Eggshell thickness was linearly increased in MAP-fed treatments at 46th wk (p<0.05). Concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) was increased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). The n-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were decreased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). These results suggest that MAP improved the egg production and egg quality, and may affect serum lipid metabolites in the layers. In addition, MAP increases yolk DHA levels, and deceases n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.

• 한국관광식음료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국관광식음료학회 2002년도 학술논문발표회
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• pp.112-122
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• 2002

본 연구는 Egg yolk을 저온 세균(62.5$^{\circ}C$에서 4분)과 고온 세균(95$^{\circ}C$에서 30초) 하여 7$0^{\circ}C$-75$^{\circ}C$ Double bath pen에서 Hot sabayon cream으로 하여 Hot Clarified Olive oil을 서서히 첨가하며 Emulsify하여 유화한 다음 Extract spices 첨가하여 유화제품의 색도 차이를 분석하여 품질을 평가하였으며, 제조된 유화난황의 관능검사를 실시하였다. Extract spices는 A군과 B.군으로 하였으며, A.군은 Garlic을 제외한 Extract였고 B.군은 Garlic을 첨가하였다. 결과는 Figure 1-5.과 같이 나타났다. \circled1 Sabayon Cream 관능검사 결과는 노랑자위 향이 감소 되었다. \circled2 Clarified Olive 관능검사 결과는 olive oily 향이 감소되고 고소한 맛이 났다. \circled3 Sabayon과 Clarified olive oil과의 Emulsified 관능검사 결과는 부드러워 졌다. \circled4 Extract Spices A.시료의 Hot Emulsified 관능검사 결과는 oily 하였다. \circled5 Extract Spices B.시료의 Hot Emulsified 관능검사 결과는 마늘의 향이 전체적 향을 부드럽게 하였으며, 전체적인 맛은 결정적으로 우수하였다. 즉 마늘 향이 첨가된 B시료가 효과와 특성이 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2012

Different housing systems have considerable influence on performance in poultry production. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of different housing systems on the performance, bone mineral density and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hen. Hy-line brown pullets (n=450) of 12 weeks age were randomly divided into 3 housing systems with 6 replicates of 25 birds in each room. A diet with 2,750 kcal/kg ME and 16.5% CP was assigned to all birds. The pullets provided free access to feed and water. Significantly (P<0.05) higher values for egg production, egg mass and feed conversion efficiency were found in battery cages, however egg weight, egg shell color and breaking strength was remarkably (P<0.05) higher in floor system. The albumin height and Haugh unit were significantly higher (P<0.05) in battery cages which was statistically similar to aviary housing system. The egg yolk fatty acids concentration of linoleic acid and linolenic acids were significantly higher in aviary and in floor system, respectively, however both values were lower in battery cages. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content (%) in egg yolk did not influence by any housing systems. Bone mineral density was significantly higher (P<0.05) in floor and aviary housing system than that of battery cage system. It was concluded that in battery cages the egg production and composition maximized, however higher bone mineral density and yolk fatty acids content can be improved in the laying hen reared on floor and aviary housing systems.