• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 1997

The present writer studied the medical thought of 'You-Yi(尤怡)', the medical expert of the early 'Qing(淸)' Dynasty, which can be summarized as following. 1. 'You-Yi' writed many essays and treaties about 'Shang-Han-Lun(傷寒論)' and 'Jin-Gui-Yao-Lue(金?要略)', both of which are the writings of 'Zhang-Zhong-Jing(張仲景)', the medical saint of 'Han(漢)' Dynasty, and those writings include 'Shang-Han-Guan-Zhu-Ji(傷寒貫珠集)', 'Jin-Gui-Yao-Lue-Xin-Dian(金?要略心典)', 'Yi-Xue-Dou-Shu-Ji(醫學讀書記)', 'Jin-Gui-Yi(金?翼)', and 'Jing-Xiang-Lou-Yi-An(靜香樓醫案)'. 2. A theory of 'Tai-Yang(太陽)' syndrome, including 'San-Gang-Ding-Li(三綱鼎立)', was proposed by 'Fang-You-Zhi'(方有執)' and 'Yu-Chang(喩昌)' and it came to be one of the leading theory of the 'Shang-Han-Lun', 'You-Yi' rejected their opinions in which they insisted that the 'Feng(風)' hurts the 'Wei'(衛)' and the 'Han(寒)' hurts the 'Ying(營)', and he advocated his particular idea that the 'Xie-Qi'(邪氣)' can directly hit skin, flesh, 'Ying-Wei(營衛)', the Five Organs and the Six Viscera(五臟六腑), regardless of 'Zhong-Feng(中風)' or 'Shang-Han(傷寒)', and he insisted that there is need to be anxious about Whether the 'Ying-Wei' is strong or weak. 3. In 'Shang-Han-Guan-Zhu-Ji', 'You-Yi' invented the eight classifications in treating the 'Shang-Han' and he did not follow the old theories hitherto. He divided the book into six parts via the clinical experiences, and the Classification and Logics in Treatment(辨證論治), and he put several titles on 'Jin-Gui-Yao-Lue. And he newly edited the original text of 'Shang-Han-Lun' and arranged 'Zhong-Jing(仲景)'s Six Meridian(六經) categories. Each syndrome in 'Tai-Yang' 'Yang-Ming(陽明)', 'Shao-Yang(少陽)', 'Tai-Yin'(太陰)', 'Shao-Yin(少陰)' and 'Jue-Yin(厥陰)' has its own categories in treatment. 4. In explaining the Six Meridian(六經) and the Organs and Viscera(臟腑), 'You-Yi' legislated the syndrome in 'Three Yang(三陽)' into Meridian(經) and Viscera(腑) ; the syndrome in 'Three Yin(三陰)'into Meridian(經) and Organs(腑). He also concluded that 'Shang-Han-Lun' not only discussed 'Wai-Gan(外感)' but also included the Internal Hurt(內傷) and Miscellaneous Diseases(雜病). 5. In his academic research, 'You-Yi' followed 'Zhong-Jing' in classifications and prescriptions and succeeded the theory of 'Ma-Chu(마숙)' and 'Li-Zhong-Zi(李中梓)', but was not tied to any stereotyped former practices. He put emphasis on the Spleen(脾) and the Kidney(腎) as he harmonized the Middle Energizer(中焦焦) with the taste of 'Gan(甘)' and 'Wen(溫)' and enjoyed strengthening 'Yang' by benefitting the 'Qi(氣)'. 6. He discussed in detail the causes, mechanism and symptoms on 'Tan-Yin(痰飮)' and proposed the seven categorizes in treatment. 7. He sorted the causes of 'Zhong-Feng' into two kinds of the 'Feng' via 'Wai-Gan' and Internal Hurt, and recognized these two 'Feng's correlate as mutual sources of diseases. He insisted that the origin of the 'Feng' exists in the 'Liver(肝). He also established the eight categories in treating the 'Feng'. 8. 'You-Yi' belong to the classifications and Logical Treatment School. And he, considering he respected and followed 'Zhong-Jing' and 'Li-Zhong-Zi', belongs to the successor to the 'Wen-Bu(溫補)' School. 9. His writings, especially the 'Shang-Han-Guan-Zhu-Ji' and the 'Jin-Gui-Yao-Lue-Xin-Dian', are excellent commentary works on the originals, so they served as significant guide books for many junior scholars. For penetrating the 'Shang-Han-Lun' with his unique way of classification of treatment, he has been highly appreciated by later generations including scholars like 'Tang-Li-San(唐立三)' in the 'Qing' Dynasty, and so many more ones thenceforth. In conclusion, on the base of this study, it is hopefully proposed that the still more profound research on the medical thought of 'You-Yi', as one of the most distinguished scholars, an expert clinician and an earnest writer as well.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2024

Objectives : The objective of this study is to compare the properties of Mahuang and Shigao based on their similar effects and how they are manifested in formulas that include these medicinals. Methods : Descriptions of Mahuang and Shigao as written in the Shennongbencaojing, Mingyibielu, Bencaogangmu, Benjingshuzheng were analyzed to determine their similar traits. Formulas in which these medicinals were both used for their similar effects were analyzed. Results & Conclusions : Mahuang and Shigao, through their interaction, both communicate fluids, relieve stagnation, and draw out heat or Yang qi from the Yin part. These similarities influence each other, which is related to their common meridian tropism, the Lung Channel, to diffuse, purify and descend. The ten formulas that include the two medicinals were similar in that Yin and Yang were interactive. Of these, those that relieved stagnation were Maxingganshitang and Daqinglongtang. Those which communicated fluids and relieved stagnation were Yuebitang, Yuebijiabanxiatang, Yuebijiashutang, Xiaoqinglongjiashigaotang, Houpumahuangtang, and Wengetang. Those that drew out heat or Yang qi from the Yin part through interaction between Yin and Yang were Guizhieryuebiyitang and Mahuangshengmatang. Previous studies stated that Mahuang and Shigao are different and using both medicinals in the same formula would repress each other or balance each other out-this study focused on their common properties which resulted in the above-mentioned findings.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2013

J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$(根結) has been recognized as one of a meridian pathway. If you want to study a defense qi(衛氣) and nutrient qi(營氣)'s nature, function and operation, you could find a relationship of J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$(根結) and the defense qi(衛氣). We proposed that, especially, J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$(根結) has got a close relationship with a operation of the defense qi(衛氣). The ji$\acute{e}$(結) of three yang(三陽) located in ears and eyes, that are a starting point of the defense qi(衛氣) operation in the daytime and a one of five sense organs(五官). Gin, Liu, Zou and Ru (根, 溜, 注, 入) of the three yang(三陽) distinguished between the three yang(三陽) in the extremities. and in the symptoms of a disease of the three yang(三陽) on the bolt - leaf - hanges(關闔樞) theory, Greater yang(太陽) is related to the skin and flesh, Yang brightness(陽明) is related to the flesh and Lesser yang(少陽) is related to the muscle or bone. These skin, flesh, muscle and bone belonged to the five bodies(五體). The five bodies(五體) have relationship with the defense qi(衛氣)'s operation and function part. The ji$\acute{e}$(結) of three yin(三陰) located in neck, chest and abdomen. If we could catched the concepts on the ji$\acute{e}$(結) of three yin(三陰) and The Gin, Liu, Zou, Ru and ji$\acute{e}$(根, 溜, 注, 入, 結) position of three yang(三陽) altogether, we could suggested the theory of the entire area completed in the surface of body. so the defense qi(衛氣)'s protecting function of the whole body surface is achieved. In the symptoms of a disease of the three yin(三陰)'s the bolt - leaf - hanges(關闔樞) theory, greater yin(太陰) and reverting yin(厥陰)'s symptoms indicates the defense qi(衛氣)'s main action of a chest and abdomen. And lesser yin(少陰)' symptoms is about a vessle, that is not to mention on the five bodies(五體) of the three yang(三陽)'s symptoms, so here is mentioned the relationship of the defense qi(衛氣) and the five bodies(五體) strengthened. In the "J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$ chapter(根結編) of Lin Shu(靈樞)", as the meridians of the foot (足經) was described, except the meridians of the hand(手經), it is reasonable to infer that the defense qi (衛氣) is relevant to the meridians of the foot(足經) than the meridians of the hand(手經).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2002

In this paper, with the reference of the pulse wave acquired by the pulse-checking device, it is measured the impedance on the key measuring points of the 12 kyungmaks of the human body's left and right by using 24-channels Yangdorak machine. Then, based on the Fuzzy theory, this study diagnosed the each meridian's strength and weakness. After that, both the strengthening and weakening stimulus of magnetic fields are applied to the dominant direction to find out how the degree of strength and weakness of the meridian changed. Ultimately, the magnetic therapy that can stimulate the magnetic field at the time of diagnosis and thereby balancing the interactive of five-system(O-hang) have been materialized. For the stimulation of magnetic fields, a stimulating device which can change the direction and time on a specific part of the key measuring points of the limbs of 24 kyungmaks have been developed and used. The therapeutic methods are as follows. First, the strength and weakness of the meridian have been determined. Second, both the extremely weak meridian of Yin(Shade) and Yang(Shine), and the extremely strong meridian of Yin and Yang were adjusted by applying appropriate ascending and descending stimuli respectively. All these adjusting processes can now be carried out automatically on a personal computer(PC). 

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Objectives : Accumulation point is a useful acupoint for acute pain diseases. Among the eight extra meridians, only four (Yin Heel, Yang Heel, Yin Link, Yang Link vessel) have accumulation point and the others (Governor, Conception, Thoroughfare, Belt Vessel) do not. However, there is no explanation why these four meridians do not have it. So, the authors researched the literature to look for the reasons. Methods : We investigated 10 books and 1 paper about the 'accumulation point of extra meridians' using several search engines and researched reason why the other 4 meridian do not have it. Results : All of the 16 accumulation points are located on the 4 limbs. The four limbs have more Yang energy than the trunk. The governor, conception, thoroughfare, and belt vessels do not flow in the limbs. It seems that there is no acupoint located on deep gap enough to be the accumulation point among the four vessels. When it comes to the functions of these vessels, they are little related with the acute pain that is the main target of the accumulation point. Conclusions : From the results of this study, it seems to be reasonable that the four vessels do not have accumulation point.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this survey is the development on the neck pain for acupuncture and moxibustion clinical guideline. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results and Conclusions : 1. The first selected pattern identification on the neck pain This study shows that the meridian pattern identification was selected 35 times(61.4%), the pattern identification based on cause of disease was selected 8 times(14.0%), the visceral pattern identification was selected 7 times(12.3%), the other pattern identification was selected 4 times(7.0%), Qi blood yin yang pattern identification was selected 2 times(3.5%), according to symptoms was selected 1 time(2.4%). 2. Meridian pattern identification Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang was used 39 times(18.1%), Large intestine meridian of hand Yangmyeong and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang was used 34 times(15.7%), Gall-bladder meridian of foot Soyang was 32 times(14.8%), Tripple energizer meridian of hand Soyang was used 31 times(14.4%), Governor meridian was used 30 times(13.9%), Lung meridian of hand Taeeum was used 8 times(3.7%), Heart meridian of hand Soeum and Pericarduim meridian of hand Gworeum was used 4 times(1.9%). 3. Pattern identification based on cause of disease Wind-Cold-Dampness was used 31 times(17.5%), Accumulation of the collateral by Phelgm-Dampness was used 16 times(14.0%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Cold(stiff neck, sprain of cervical) was used 13 times (11.4%), Defecient-Cold was used 10 times(8.8%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness was used 9 times(7.9%), Deep Invasion by Wind-Cold was used 8 times(7.0%), Wind-Cold was used 7 times (6.1%), Wind-Cold was used 6 times(5.3%), Accumulation in the Center by Phelgm-Dampness, Imparement of bou fluid by Pathogenic Heat, Wind-Heat with Dampness was used 5 times(4.4%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness and Accumulation of the collateral by Wind-Cold was used 4 times(3.5%), Invasion of Dampness-Heat was used 2 times(1.8%). 4. Visceral pattern identification Rising of the Liver yang was used 16 times(41%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney+pathogens was used 15 times(38.5%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney was used 8 times(20.5%) on this survey.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.115-131
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• 2009

Objectives: This survey was done in order to find out how Korean medical doctors derive pattern identification for acupuncture prescriptions in treating low back pain in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society from March 26th to April 14th in 2009. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results : 1.57 Korean medical doctors selected meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians(44.6%), visceral pattern identification(32.1%), pattern identification based on cause of disease(14.3%) as the most commonly used pattern identification methods for acupuncture prescription when treating low back pain patients in real clinical practice. 2. In meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians, gallbladder meridian of hypochondriac region(13.0%), bladder meridian of lateral low back region(11.2%), governer vessel of central low back region(11.7%) were selected 3. In visceral pattern identification, yang deficiency of kidney(20.2%), deficiency of kidney(19.3%), liver(16.7%), yin deficiency of kidney(14.0%), violence qi of kidney(8.8%), small intestine(7.9%) were selected. Conclusions : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors answered that Meridian Pattern Identification based on the course of the meridians is the most often used diagnosis method. Visceral pattern identification, pattern identification based on cause of disease, meridian pattern identification based on symptom and pattern identification based on qi-blood-yin-yang theory in order of frequency used, were selected for low back pain diagnosis in real clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

Objective : To increase the safety of moxibustion by understanding moxibustion-prohibited points' distinguishing features through literary inquiry. Method : We searched for moxibustion-prohibited points in Traditional Oriental Medical literature. Results : 1. Upon the advancement of moxibustion technique, the numbers of moxibustion-prohibited points increased. 2. Both Foot Meridians and Hand Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. Both Yin Meridians and Yang Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. 3. The face has the highest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. The Back has the lowest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. 4. We research 80 moxibustion-prohibited points and find 31 moxibustion-prohibitive reasons. A key reasons is that heating effect of moxibustion damages tissues, organs and meridian functions. There are also cases where the moxibustion-prohibited points can be designated upon the patients condition Conclusions : We could learn the distinguishing characteristics of moxibustion-prohibited points from this study. These results suggest that the treatment of moxibustion is more useful and safe.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.303-324
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• 2017

Objectives : Consumptive is an unhealthy condition that are caused by lack of blood and essence, and that means also some stages of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to analysis 108 Prescriptions of Consumptive part in Dongui Bogam. Methods : The 108 Prescriptions of Consumptive part in Dongui Bogam analysed frequency of basic prescriptions, symptoms of prescriptions and the pathology. Results : Ssangbohwan, Yiuihwan, Gamrihwan were used for tonifying were mostly used as basic prescriptions in whole Consumptive part respectively. There are common symptoms in consumptive part in Dongui Bogam. That symptoms are "tidal fever, night sweating, nocturnal emission, cough, sputum, skinny body, weak pulse, spontaneous sweating, deafness, dim vision and tuberculosis". Qi blood(yin yang) pathologies in prescriptions on consumptive part are "yin deficiency, yin deficiency with effulgent fire, yang qi deficiency, dual damage of qi and blood, non-interaction between fire and water, collapse of yang and exhaustion of yin, less blood". viscera and bowels pathologies in prescriptions on consumptive part are "heart and kidney deficiency, spleen-stomach weakness, spleen and kidney great deficiency, weakness of kidney qi, meridian waste in heart, spleen and kidney, damage in heart and lung". Conclusions : As a result of Study on Analysis all Prescriptions of Consumptive part in Dongui Bogam, We can understand more about basic prescriptions, symptoms of prescriptions and the pathology that are using for curing consumptive. We expected that this study will can help to give rationale for future study of consumptive caring.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.172-183
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• 2022

Objectives : An error was found in the recent standard by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the locations of the Upper arm Route of Lung Meridian (URLM) and its acupoints LU3 and LU4. This possible incorrect information is being taught throughout Korean medicine colleges nationwide, which follow WHO standards. Therefore, an investigation is required to sort out this discrepancy based on the evidence in historical documents. Methods : The location of WHO's URLM and LU3 and LU4 were compared with corresponding information in the classical literature. The anatomical structure mentioned in these classical documents was examined. Finally, an assessment was conducted on whether this structure is reflected in the WHO standards. Results : Classical literature prior to the early 20th century records the locations of the Lung Meridian and LU3 and LU4 of the upper arm to be in the artery on the medial aspect. This artery corresponds to the brachial artery. The location established by the WHO is on the anterolateral side of the upper arm, where no large arteries exist that can be found by haptic search or angiographically. The anterolateral side of the upper arm belongs to the Yang aspect, which does not coincide with the Yin aspect of Lung Meridian. Conclusions : The WHO's URLM and LU3-4 standards do not agree with the classical literature. The correct route must coincide with the brachial artery passing through the medial side of the humerus. The actual location of LU3-4 is on the medial aspect of the arm, just medial to the border of the biceps brachii muscle, on the brachial artery, 3-4 B-cun inferior to the anterior axillary fold.