• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2004

It is generally known in seismic design that the beam yield type frames have more advantages than column yield type of which damage is likely to concentrate to any story. However we may design a building as a beam yield type, it becomes actually a column yield type collapse mode for slab floor diaphragm effect. Considering these points, the column yield type frames are selected and designed as the specimens. The object of this study is to grasp quantitatively the restoring force characteristic values and to estimate the seismic performances of column yield type steel rahmen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2003

Analysis of breeding gains in grain yield has been intensively conducted in wheat, barley, oat, maize, and soybean. Such information is limited in rice. The objective of this study was to compare the breeding gains and cultural gains contributed to yield gains of Korean rice varieties since early 1900s. Two sets of yield data were used for analysis; the historical yield data of 1908 for old japonica cultivars, and present yield data in the years from 1996 to 1998 for the six cultivars, consisting of previous two old cultivars and four contemporary cultivars. The old cultivars were two native cultivars, Jodongi and Damageum, while contemporary cultivars were two premium quality japonica cultivars, Hwaseongbyeo and Dongjinbyeo, and two Tongil-type cultivars, high yielding cultivars developed from indica/japonica hybridization, Milyang23 and Dasanbyeo. The yield differences of old cultivars between the experiments in 1908 and the experiments from 1996 to 1998 were estimated as cultural gains (1.84 tons $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$) due to the improvement of cultivation technology. Yield differences between the old cultivars and contemporary cultivars were considered total yield gains during the periods. These were 2.51 tons $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$ for japonica cultivars and 3.81 tons $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$ for Tongil-type cultivars. From these data, the genetic gain of 0.67 tons $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$ and 1.97 tons $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$ were estimated for japonica cultivars and Tongil-type cultivars respectively. The ratio between cultural gain and genetic gain appeared to be 2.7:1 for japonica cultivars and 1:1 for Tongil-type cultivars. This analysis clearly showed the higher genetic contribution in Tongil-type cultivars than in japonica cultivars, suggesting a guideline to be used when planning new yield improvement programs. Additional implication has emerged when a better yield response to modem cultivation technology was found in one of the old cultivars, suggesting the combined improvement between breeding and cultural improvement is necessary for attaining the maximum yield capacity of a crop.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 1990

우리나라 쌀의 품종별 도정 및 품위특성을 조사하여 합리적인 시장성을 평가할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 일반계 쌀과 다수계 쌀의 품종별로 품위 및 도정특성을 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유형별 도정률은 일반계가 높고 쇄미율은 통일계가 높았으나 미강률은 큰 차이가 없었으며 벼에서 쌀까지의 도정률은 현미의 용적중, 제현율 및 현백률이 높은 품종이 요구되고 현미의 쇄립률, 심복백립률, 왕겨율, 쇄미율 및 미강률이 낮은 품종은 쌀의 품위 및 수율이 향상되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of planting density and nitrogen level on growth and yield potential of newly bred heavy panicle japonica rice with large grain (Iksan 435 and Iksan 438) or many spikelets per panicle(HR14022-21-8-4 and HR14022-21-8-6), four heavy panicle type rices and two many panicle type rices(Dongjinbyeo and Donganbyeo) as the checks were planted under standard planting density (30$\times$15 cm) and dense planting density (15$\times$15 cm) with two nitrogen levels of standard nitrogen level(110 kg h $a^{-1}$) and heavy nitrogen level(165 kg h $a^{-1}$). Effective tiller rate decreased in dense planting or heavy nitrogen, when compared to standard nitrogen and planting, while leaf area index and to dry weight increased in dense planting or heavy nitrogen. Tiller numbers and panicle numbers were more increased by dense planting than heavy nitrogen, whereas spikelet numbers were more increased by heavy nitrogen than dense planting. Ripened grain ratio was slightly lower only in dense planting. 1,000 grain weight in brown rice was not significantly different in dense planting or heavy nitrogen. Milled rice yield was highest in heavy nitrogen with standard planting for heavy panicle type rice, while yield for many panicle type rice was highest in heavy nitrogen with dense planting, suggesting that many panicle type rice possesses higher adapt-ability for dense planting than heavy panicle type rice. Path coefficient analysis revealed that top dry weight, spikelet number and grain weight were the greatest positive contributors to yield, whereas tiller number was negative to yield.d.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2006

본 시험은 2003년 9월부터 2005년 12월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 공시된 혼파초지는 상번초형(tall type) 혼파초지(orchardgrass, Potomac 50+tall fescue, Fawn 20+ Kentucky bluegrass, Kenblue 10+red clover, Kenland 20%)와 잔디형(turf type) 혼파초지(Kentucky bluegrass, Newport 60+Tall fescue, Reboil II 20+ perennial ryegrass, Palmer II 20%}의 두 처리를 두어 시험하였다. 얻어진 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 건물수량은 상번초형 혼파초지가 12,721 kg/ha으로 잔디형 혼파초지의 11,275 kg/ha 보다 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 잔디형 혼파초지는 상번초형 혼파초지에 비하여 CP 함량과 건물소화율(DMD)이 높은 반면에 NDF와 ADF, cellulose 및 lignin 함량은 낮은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 2년 평균 조단백질수량(CPDM)과 가 소화건물수량(DDM)은 상번초형 혼파초지가 잔디형 혼파초지에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아, 잔디형 혼파초지는 상번초형 혼파초지에 비하여 목초의 사료가치는 높았으나, 건물수량이 낮아서 조단백질수량과 가소화건물수량이 낮은 결과를 가져왔다. 그러나 잔디형목초는 상번초형 혼파초지에 비하여 사료가치가 높고, 연간 13회 예취 시 수량과 밀도를 고르게 유지할 수 있었던 것으로 보아 추후 말이나 유산양과 같은 가축의 방목이용 가능성을 타진할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for somatic cell score (SCS), milk yield and type traits in Nigerian Dwarf (ND) goats from the United States. Methods: Data from 1,041 ND goats in the United States with kiddings in 95 herds were used to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for SCS, milk (MILK), fat (FAT), and protein (PROT) yields, and 14 type traits. An 18-trait mixed linear animal model for lactation mean SCS (Log₂), MILK, FAT, PROT, and 14 type traits was applied. A factor analytic approach (FA1) in ASReml software was used to obtain convergence. Results: Averages for SCS were low (2.85±1.29 Log₂), and were 314±110.6, 20.9±7.4, and 14±4.9 kg, respectively, for MILK, FAT, and PROT. Heritabilities for SCS, MILK, FAT, and PROT were 0.32, 0.16, 0.16, and 0.10, respectively. The highest heritabilities for type traits were for stature (0.72), teat diameter (0.49), and rump width (0.48), and the lowest estimates were for dairyness (0.003) and medial suspensory ligament (0.03). Genetic correlations of SCS with MILK, FAT, and PROT were positive but low (0.25, 0.18, and 0.23, respectively). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between MILK, FAT, and PROT were high and positive (≥0.66). Absolute values of genetic correlations involving SCS with type traits were generally low or no different from zero. Most of the phenotypic correlations involving SCS with type traits were low. No serious unfavorable genetic correlations between milk yield traits and SCS or between milk yield traits or SCS and type traits were found. Conclusion: Genetic variation exists in the ND breed for most studied traits. The development of selection programs based on these estimates may help accelerate favorable multi-trait genetic changes in this breed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.159-162
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest date of unshelled immature peanuts and dried kernels from 60 to 120 days after flowering. Fresh pod yield of spanish-type variety, 'Shaedl-tangkong(SD)' reached a peak of 9,140kg/ ha at 70 (days after flowering(Aug. 13) while that of virginia-type variety, 'Daepoongtangkong(DP)' reached a peak of 8,820kg/ha at 90 days(Sept. 11) after flowering. SD and DP showed maximum fresh kernel yield of 6,090 and 6,470kg/ha at 90 days after flowering (Sept. 11), respectively, while dry kernel yield reached a peak of 3,300 and 3,720kg/ha at 110 days(Oct. 1), respectively. Oil content of SD and DP were the highest at 90 days and 100 days after flowering, respectively and the oil content of two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 90 days. Tannin content of the seed hull of SD increased continuously until 110 days after flowering while that of DP maximized at 100 days. The tannin content of the two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 100 days. Total sugar of SD and DP showed highest content at 60 days and 70 days after flowering, respectively and suger content decreased very rapidly until 80 days and after that sugar content kept nearly constant. Oil, tannin and total sugar content of spanish-type SD were higher than those of virginia-type DP.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1999

Yield and growth characteristics were compared for five rice cultivars; a new Tongil-type, so called "super-rice", Dasanbyeo, an old Tongil-type Milyang 23, two japonicas Dongjinbyeo and Ilpumbyeo, and a new plant type (NPT)line IR65600-27-1-2. The objective of this stusy was to clarify the high yielding capacity of Dasanbyeo in terms of growth characteristics. The average grain yield (9 t/ha) of Dasanbyeo was higher than that of Milyang 23 by ca. 9% that of japonicas by 20 to 30%, and that of NPT line by ca. 100%. The higher grain yield of Dasanbyeo was attributable not only to the greater dry matter production but also to the higher harvest index (HI). Dasanbyeo showed the greatest dry matter at harvest owing not only to the rapid leaf expan-sion at early growth stage and the resulting high LAI through the entire growth stage but also to the high NAR despite the high LAI. The rapid leaf expansion of Dasanbyeo at early growth stage seemed to be related in part to the profuse tillering capacity. HI was 0.53 in Dasanbyeo, 0,51 in Milyang 23, 0.41 in japonicas, and 0.35 in NPT line. Dasanbyeo was indebted for its higher HI to the relatively high grain filling ratio in spite of a much greater sink size than the other cultivars. Dasan had a greater source to sink ratio during grain ripening as measured by LAD/spikelet and dry matter production/spikelet which showed positove correlations with the grain ripening ratio. New plant type (NPT) line showed the lowest grain yield owing to the small sink size and the low grain filling ratio which seemed to have resulted from the abundant occurrence of weak-strength spikelets. The weak sink strength, in turn, seemed to have suppressed photosynthesis during the grain ripening stage.