• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2006

This experiment was performed to examine the influences of high ambient temperature on milk production, nutrient digestibility, energy and protein sufficiency ratio, and plasma metabolites concentration in lactating cows. In a $2{\times}2$ crossover design, four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were maintained in a chamber under treatment of constant moderate ($18^{\circ}C$) ambient temperature (MT) or high ($28^{\circ}C$) ambient temperatures (HT). The DMI and milk protein yield were significantly lower in HT (p<0.05). The milk yield, milk lactose yield, and milk SNF yield tended to be lower in HT (p<0.10). No statistical differences for 4% fat-corrected milk and milk fat yield were observed. Rectal temperatures were significantly higher in HT than MT (p<0.05). The apparent DM, OM, ether extract, CF, and ash digestibility did not differ between treatments. On the other hand, the apparent CP digestibility was increased significantly (p<0.05) and nitrogen free extract tended to increase (p<0.10) in HT. The sufficiency ratio of ME and DCP intake for each requirement tended to be lower in HT than in MT (p<0.10). Concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin, and urea nitrogen in plasma did not differ between treatments. Plasma 3-methylhistidine (3MH) concentration as a marker of myofibrillar protein degradation tended to be higher in HT (p<0.15). In conclusion, high ambient temperature was associated with a lower energy and protein sufficiency ratio, and decreased milk protein production, even though the body protein mobilization tended to be higher.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.636-644
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• 2013

원료곡인 동부의 침종, 포화, 노화 조건이 동부나물 생산량과 생장반응에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 흡수량은 침종 초기 2시간까지는 급속히 증가하다 이후에는 완만히 증가하였으나, 발아력과 나물 생산수율 및 잔뿌리 발생량은 침종기간(1~6시간)이 길어질수록 낮았다. 5일간 포화(수분 $96{\pm}1%$, $20^{\circ}C$)처리가 무처리나 1, 3일간 포화처리에 비해 발아력과 나물 생산수율 및 잔뿌리 발생량이 높았다. 고온 노화처리에 따른 발아력과 나물 생산수율은 무처리에 비해 낮았는데, 이상의 결과로 동부나물 재배를 위한 원료곡 전처리 방법은 5일간 포화(수분 $96{\pm}1%$, $20^{\circ}C$)처리하고 세척하여 재배하는 것이 좋은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2012

HC-SCR was conducted over Co-Pt/ZSM5 catalyst coated over 200 cpsi cordierite in the condition of atomspheric pressure and $200^{\circ}C-500^{\circ}C$. Weight ratio of Co/Pt determined from EDX analysis was 8/2, which was almost equal to the weight ratio at preparation step. XPS showed that nitrates within cobalt precursor and chlorine withn Pt precursor were removed. TEM result demonstrated that crystallite size of cobalt and Pt was under 5nm. Among these tested hydrocarbon reductants, isobutane ($i-C_4H_{10}$) showed the highest de-$NO_x$ yield of 80% under the condition of the mole ratio of reductant/NOx=1.0 at $180^{\circ}C$. De-$NO_x$ yield from HC-SCR was increased as the carbon number of hydrocarbon reductant was increased. The decrease of bonding energy between C and H of HC reductant played a role to increase of de-$NO_x$ yield, which indicated that the dissociation step of C-H bond of hydrocarbon molecule might be the rate determining step of HC-SCR. The increase of oxygen concentration in the feed resulted in the decrease of de-$NO_x$ yield but the increase of CO and $N_2O$ yield.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1986

27개 농가포장에서 인삼종자의 생산량 및 종자소질을 조사하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 포장별 채종량은 거의가 4~10$\ell$/간(간 : 180x90cm의 면적) 절위이였다. 2. 채종량이 많은 포장의 종자일수록 100입중, 4mm이하의 종자 생산 비율이 모두 낮아지는 경향이었다. 3. 전종자의 12%는 4mm이하의 종자이었으며 66%는 4-5mm, 22%는 5mm이하의 종자이었다. 4. 채종모본 선정 포장에서는 방임채종포에 비해 채종량은 감소되었으나 100입중, 4mm이하 종자의 생산비율은 오히려 증가되었다. 5. 종자의 길이와 폭 간에는 정(＋)상관이 인정되었으나 폭과 두께, 길이와 두께간에는 유의상관 인정되지 않았다. 6. 채종량은 채종모본의 생육상태에 따라 차이가 있었으나 4mm이하의 종자생산 비율을 감안할 때 100간당 7-8$\ell$ 미만 채종하는 것이 좋을 것으로 보여졌다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.725-730
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of an alternative a.m.-p.m. testing scheme for milk yield in comparison with the official test method based on weighing two milkings within 24 h. A total of 8,309 p.m. milking weights and 6,767 a.m. milking weights from 72 Holstein cows raised at N.L.R.I. were collected between October 2000 and November 2001. Ratios were computes for daily milk yield to a.m. and p.m. milking weights(direct yield ratios) and ratios of a.m. and p.m. milking weights to daily milk yield (inverse yield ratios). Analysis of variance indicated that the milking interval is the most important source of variation for yield ratios. Adjustment factors for estimating daily milk yield from single milking weights were derived through regression analysis of direct and inverse yield ratios on the length of the milking interval. Daily milk yield was estimated more precisely and accurately when adjustment factors were used than when single milking weights were doubled. In conclusion, alternative recording of a.m. and p.m. milking weights led to reliable estimates of milk yields.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.512-517
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• 2005

천마 재배에서 차광방법 개발과 접종목 재활용의 가능성을 검정하여 저 비용, 고 생산의 재배법을 확립하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 비가림을 하지 않은 노지재배에서는 종마의 수량이 성마의 수량 보다 높았다. 차광 방법에 따른 천마의 수량은 $95\%$ 차광망 1겹, 2겹 및 무차광순 이었으며, 접종목 혼용에 따른 천마의 수량은 생목만 사용하였을 경우에 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 생목과 재활용목을 2:1로 및 1:1 혼용처리 처리 순이었다. 접종목 혼용에 따른 수익성 비교에서 $95\%$ 차광막 1겹 처리시 생목과 재생목을 2:1로 혼용한 경우는 생목만 사용한 경우 수익의 $81\%$이었다. 재배법 개선을 통해 수량성을 높일 수 있다면 생목과 재생목을 적당한 비율로 섞어 재배할 경우 비용 절감과 환경보호 차원에서 유용한 방법으로 사료된다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1999

Yield and fracture are separated in the tensile failure of paper. Failure in the machine direction of photocopy paper is contrasted with failure in the cross-machine direction . The ratios of distortion (shape change) to dilatation (volume change) for individual elements at yield and fracture are described. The ratios of distortion to dilatation are measured and compared to predicted values of the strain energy density theory. To evaluate the effect of the angle from the principal material direction on the strain energy density theory. To evaluate the effect of the angle from the principal material direction on the strain energy density factor, samples are prepared from machine direction to cross-machine direction in 15 degree intervals. the strain energy density of individual elements are obtained by the integration of stress from finite element analysis with elastic plus plastic strain energy density theory. Poison's ratio and the angle from the principal material direction have a great effect ion the ratio fo distortion to dilatation in paper. During the yield condition, distortion prevails over dilatation . At fracture, dilatation is at a maximum.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.211-219
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• 2005

Nowadays, various grades of high-strength steels are available. The application of ultra-high grades of steels for building structures, however, is limited only to the elements stressed under tension. The highest grade of steels generally used has a tensile strength of around 600N/mm2. Most research is focused on lower yield ratios of high strength steel in the inelastic range to ensure the stability of structures. In this paper, however, the possibility of an effective application of high strength steel with high yield ratio to building structures is discussed. An efficient structural system and a design method based on earthquake response analysis and experimental results are proposed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2012

The biodiesel production characteristics in a pulsed-corona plasma reactor has been investigated through parametric tests. Transesterification of rapeseed oil together with camelina oil was done with the change of such variables as voltage of power, molar ratio, KOH catalyst and temperature. The energetic electrons emitted from pulsed-corona plasma has contributed to the enhancement of yield on rapeseed oil in short time (15 min). The higher yield on camelina oil was observed in 5 min. The optimal parameters were shown as the voltage of 23 kV, the molar ratio of 5/1, the content of KOH catalyst of 0.6 wt% and the temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ under the rotating rate of spark gap of 900 rpm.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.820-823
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• 2002

The asymptotic problem of a semi-infinite conducting crack parallel to the poling direction in ferroelectric ceramics subjected to electric fields is analyzed. The main mechanism for the conducting crack growth behavior is thought to be ferroelectric domain switching leading to the development of a process zone around the crack. The shape and size of the switching zone is shown to depend strongly on the relative magnitude on the ratio of the coercive electric field to the yield electric field. It is shown that the crack growth can be either enhanced or retarded depending on the ratio of the coercive electric field to yield electric field.