• Title/Summary/Keyword: Yield curve

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Disease Progress and Yield Loss of Potato Late Blight Caused by Pntytophthora Infestans in Organic Farming Fields (유기농 감자재배지에서 감자역병에 의한 병 진전 및 수량감소)

  • Ryu Kyoung-Yul;Jee Hyeong-Jin;Choi Do-Hoi;Cheon Jeong-Uk;Kim Jong-Tae;Kim Byung-Sup
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.122-127
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    • 2005
  • Late blight of potato caused by Phtophthora infestans is one of the most destructive disease in organic farming as well as in the conventional cultivation in Korea. Incidence and progress of the disease largely depend on climatic conditions around the fields. However, the disease completely destroys whole leaves of the plant within two weeks in organic farming fields. While, potato leaves in conventional farming fields remain healthy for 5 weeks after the first symptom appearance, because fungicides were applied four times in average to control the disease. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of organic farming fields ranged from 2314 to 2421 and quickly expanded compare to that of conventional farming fields. The tuber yield in the organic farming fields ranged from 0.96 ton per 10a to 1.5 ton per 10a, while it was 2.7 ton per 10a in conventional farming fields. Tuber yields were reduced to $42\~63\%$ by the infection of late blight and the reduction rate was closely related with the time of first occurrence of the disease in organic farming fields. Physiological races of the pathogen were diversified with R0,1,3,4,5,7,10,11 in organic farming fields at Hongchun area. Pathogen races were distributed with similar pattern at different areas of organic farming fields.

The Characteriastics of Viscosity Behavior of EMC for Semi-conductor Encapsulant - Containing One Kind of Spherical Silica (반도체 봉지재용 EMC의 점도거동 특성 - 한 종류의 구형 실리카 포함)

  • Kim, In Beom;Lee, Myung Cheon;Lee, Euy Soo
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.10 no.8
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    • pp.1175-1179
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    • 1999
  • The rheological properties of highly filled epoxy molding compound(EMC) for semi-conductor encapsulants are greatly affected by the content of filler loaded. In this study, the change of viscosity of EMC for semi-conductor encapsulants with the filler content was investigated. Also, both of Cox-Merz and modified Cox-Merz equations were applied to convert the viscosity change as a function of frequency to that of shear rate. It was ovserved that shear thinning and yield stress occured at high filler contents and that the Cox-Merz equation could not be applied at high filler contents because of the difference of viscosity according to the various strains. When the modified Cox-Merz equation was applied, the all the curves having different strain tend to be represented by one master curve, even though some deviation was obseved at high filler content and strain.

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야생대두의 생리생태에 관한 연구 - 제2보 돌콩 ( Glycine Soja ) 의 자생지 생육특성 ( Studies dn the Physical and Ecological Characteristics of Wild Soybean ( Glycine soja ) II. Growth Characteristics of glycine soja in the habitat )

  • 허삼남
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.29-33
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    • 1978
  • Five districts; Su-weon, An-seong, Ok-cheon, Jin-ju and Je-ju, were chosen and growth characteristics of Glyclns soja in fifteen places were studied. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. Growth state was good on the levee of the brook where the soil was wet and fertile. 2. They showed high significant correlation (r=0.76**) between grain yield and phosphate content of the soil, an d also showed positive correlation (r=0.63*) between grain yield and soil pH. 3. Nitrogen content of the plant was high as Glycine soja growed well. 4. Shoot growth and leaf development curve showed similar pattern and the root noddle was prosperous in the middle stage while shoot growth was well in the late stage. 5. Glycine soja was expexted as a hopeful forage ceop, as it grow swell, easy to harvest seeds and nutritional value is high.

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An Experimental Study on the Structural Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Oyster Shells (굴패각을 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Sang-cheol;Woo, Song-gyu;An, Yong-deok;Jun, Hak-su;Koo, Hae-shik
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2007
  • This is an experimental study on the structural characteristics of reinforced concrete beams using of the oyster shells as a substitute fine aggregate of concrete. In this study, the main factors consist of the grain sizes and the percentage of substitution of oyster shells to fine aggregate in the equal water cement ratio. The results of the study showed as followed. The initial load value of them represented similar constant within 10% of the maximum load value in each test beam. But the maximum load value and the ultimate load value decreased with increased grain size and the rate of substitution. As the grain size of oyster shells became smaller, the load values of them were somewhat higher. The deflection among deformation properties of reinforced concrete beams with oyster shells represented typical curves like that of normal reinforced concrete. In the deformation of steel and concrete, the deformation was proportionated to the load till yield point and from yield point until approaching the ultimate load point. One type was typical curve of the load and the deformation and the other type irregularly was changed to very small deformation for the load increase centering around load axis. After the analyzing structural behaviors and the properties of reinforced concrete test beams with oyster shells, the most excellent grain size of oyster shells represented 1.0mm and less or 5.0mm and less with taking uniformly, and the percentage of practicable substitution of them to fine aggregate was about 30%.

Texture of Chewing Gum: Instrumental and Sensory Rheological Characteristics (츄잉검의 텍스쳐 : 기계적(機械的) 물성(物性)과 관능적(官能的) 특성(特性))

  • Pyun, Yu-Ryang;Yoo, Myung-Shik;Lee, Yoon-Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.303-308
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    • 1984
  • Instrumental and sensory characteristics of chewing gums were measured at each masticatory stage, and the correlations between the characteristics were analyzed. In instrumental characteristics, similarities were proved between initial puncture work and puncture force, intermediate hardness and penetration work, final hardness and penetration work, and adhesion work and adhesion force. Final hardness correlated highly with yield force and the slope of force-distance curve of penetration test, and the slope also correlated significantly with springiness and adhesion force. In sensory characteristics, the correlations of the same parameter between trained panel and consumer were extremely high. Initial stiffness correlated significantly with both intermediate and final firmness by consumer. Highly significant correlations were obtained between final firmness and stiffness and between lift and cohesion by trained panel, whereas firmness correlated with adhesion negatively.

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Evaluation of the Potential for Environment-Friendly Cultivation of Potato cv. 'Haryeong' (감자 '하령' 품종의 친환경재배 가능성 평가)

  • Park, Young-Eun;Jeong, Jin-Cheol;Cho, Hyun-Mook;Cho, Ji-Hong
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.258-262
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    • 2008
  • The experiment was conducted to investigate the potential for environmentally friendly cultivation of cv. Haryeong, which was bred by the National Institute of Highland Agriculture in 2006, through evaluation of the late blight field resistance at the farmer's practices level. cv. Haryeong showed higher field resistance to late blight as 590.3 in mean Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) during the cultivation period than cv. Superior as 1377.7 in AUDPC. However there was no observed different trend among the experimental treatments. Mean of tuber yield of cvs. Haryeong and Superior were 2,870 kg/10a and 2,301 kg/10a, respectively, and in all experimental treatments Haryeong was 25% higher than those of Superior. Mean of dry matter content of Haryeong and Superior were 18.1% and 16.1%, respectively, and there were no significant differences among the experimental treatments. cv. Haryeong was confirmed as a suitable cultivar for environmentally friendly cultivation in this experiment. In the future, additional research on fertilization and disease management will be required.

Moment-rotational analysis of soil during mining induced ground movements by hybrid machine learning assisted quantification models of ELM-SVM

  • Dai, Bibo;Xu, Zhijun;Zeng, Jie;Zandi, Yousef;Rahimi, Abouzar;Pourkhorshidi, Sara;Khadimallah, Mohamed Amine;Zhao, Xingdong;El-Arab, Islam Ezz
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.831-850
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    • 2021
  • Surface subsidence caused by mining subsidence has an impact on neighboring structures and utilities. In other words, subsurface voids created by mining or tunneling activities induce soil movement, exposing buildings to physical and/or functional destruction. Soil-structure is evaluated employing probability distribution laws to account for their uncertainty and complexity to estimate structural vulnerability. In this study, to investigate the displacement field and surface settlement profile caused by mining subsidence, on the basis of a Winklersoil model, analytical equations for the moment-rotation response ofsoil during mining induced ground movements are developed. To define the full static moment-rotation response, an equation for the uplift-yield state is constructed and integrated with equations for the uplift- and yield-only conditions. The constructed model's findings reveal that the inverse of the factor of safety (x) has a considerable influence on the moment-rotation curve. The maximal moment-rotation response of the footing is defined by X = 0:6. Despite the use of Winkler model, the computed moment-rotation response results derived from the literature were analyzed through the ELM-SVM hybrid of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Also, Monte Carlo simulations are used to apply continuous random parameters to assess the transmission of ground motions to structures. Following the findings of RMSE and R2, the results show that the choice of probabilistic laws of input parameters has a substantial impact on the outcome of analysis performed.

Generalization and implementation of hardening soil constitutive model in ABAQUS code

  • Bo Songa;Jun-Yan Liu;Yan Liu;Ping Hu
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.355-366
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    • 2024
  • The original elastoplastic Hardening Soil model is formulated actually partly under hexagonal pyramidal Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, and can be only used in specific stress paths. It must be completely generalized under Mohr-Coulomb criterion before its usage in engineering practice. A set of generalized constitutive equations under this criterion, including shear and volumetric yield surfaces and hardening laws, is proposed for Hardening Soil model in principal stress space. On the other hand, a Mohr-Coulumb type yield surface in principal stress space comprises six corners and an apex that make singularity for the normal integration approach of constitutive equations. With respect to the isotropic nature of the material, a technique for processing these singularities by means of Koiter's rule, along with a transforming approach between both stress spaces for both stress tensor and consistent stiffness matrix based on spectral decomposition method, is introduced to provide such an approach for developing generalized Hardening Soil model in finite element analysis code ABAQUS. The implemented model is verified in comparison with the results after the original simulations of oedometer and triaxial tests by means of this model, for volumetric and shear hardenings respectively. Results from the simulation of oedometer test show similar shape of primary loading curve to the original one, while maximum vertical strain is a little overestimated for about 0.5% probably due to the selection of relationships for cap parameters. In simulation of triaxial test, the stress-strain and dilation curves are both in very good agreement with the original curves as well as test data.

OPTIMAL DESIGN FOR CAPACITY EXPANSION OF EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

  • Ahn, Tae-Jin;Lyu, Heui-Jeong;Park, Jun-Eung;Yoon, Yong-Nam
    • Water Engineering Research
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.63-74
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents a two- phase search scheme for optimal pipe expansion of expansion of existing water distribution systems. In pipe network problems, link flows affect the total cost of the system because the link flows are not uniquely determined for various pipe diameters. The two-phase search scheme based on stochastic optimization scheme is suggested to determine the optimal link flows which make the optimal design of existing pipe network. A sample pipe network is employed to test the proposed method. Once the best tree network is obtained, the link flows are perturbed to find a near global optimum over the whole feasible region. It should be noted that in the perturbation stage the loop flows obtained form the sample existing network are employed as the initial loop flows of the proposed method. It has been also found that the relationship of cost-hydraulic gradient for pipe expansion of existing network affects the total cost of the sample network. The results show that the proposed method can yield a lower cost design than the conventional design method and that the proposed method can be efficiently used to design the pipe expansion of existing water distribution systems.

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Prediction of the Forming Limit Diagram for AZ31B Sheet at Elevated Temperatures Considering the Strain-rate Effect - II (변형률속도 효과를 고려한 AZ31B 판재의 온간 성형한계도 예측 - II)

  • Choi, S.C.;Kim, H.Y.;Kim, H.J.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2009.10a
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    • pp.285-288
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to predict the forming limit diagram (FLD) of strain-rate sensitive materials on the basis of the Marciniak and Kuczynski (M-K) theory. The strain-rate effect is taken into consideration in such a way that the stress-strain curves for various strain-rates are inputted into the formulation as point data, not as curve-fitted models such as power function. Tensile tests and R-value tests were carried out at several levels of temperature and strain-rate from $25^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$ and 0.16 to 0.00016/s, respectively to obtain the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet. The FLD of this material was experimentally obtained by limit dome height tests with the punch velocity of 0.1 and 1.0 mm/s at $250^{\circ}C$. The M-K theory-based FLD predicted using Yld2000-2d yield criterion was compared with the experimental results.

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