• Title/Summary/Keyword: Yield Lane

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Comparative Analysis on the Effectiveness of Modern Roundabouts and 4-legged Signalized Intersections (회전교차로와 4지 신호교차로 효과에 관한 비교분석)

  • Park, Byung-Ho;Kim, Tae-Young;Han, Sang-Wook;Yang, Jeong-Mo
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2009
  • The roundabout was developed in the United Kingdom to rectify problems associated with these traffic circles. In 1966, the United Kingdom adopted a mandatory "give-way" rule at alt circular intersections, which required entering traffic to give way, or yield, to circulating traffic. However, the roundabout used in United States or Europe do not common use in Korea. The purposes of the study is to comparatively analyze the effectiveness of roundabout. In pursuing the above, this study designs the scenarios which can reflect the directional traffic volumes, and analyzes the average control delay of roundabout and 4-leg signalized intersection by SIDRA. The main study results are as follows. First, when the entering traffic volume are less than 2,000pcph, the single-lane roundabout is analyzed to be more effective than 4-leg signalized intersection. Second, when the entering traffic volume are less than 3,200pcph, the double-lane roundabout is evaluated to be more effective than 4-leg signalized intersection. Third, which is installed left and right turn lane at intersection, area for the roundabout is analyzed to be less than that for general intersection area.

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DEVELOPMENT OF MATDYMO(MULTI-AGENT FOR TRAFFIC SIMULATION WITH VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODEL) II: DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE AND DRIVER AGENT

  • Cho, K.Y.;Kwon, S.J.;Suh, M.W.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.145-154
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    • 2006
  • In the companion paper, the composition and structure of the MATDYMO (Multi-Agent for Traffic Simulation with Vehicle Dynamic Model) were proposed. MATDYMO consists of the road management system, the vehicle motion control system, the driver management system, and the integration control system. Among these systems, the road management system and the integration control system were discussed In the companion paper. In this paper, the vehicle motion control system and the driver management system are discussed. The driver management system constructs the driver agent capable of having different driving styles ranging from slow and careful driving to fast and aggressive driving through the yielding index and passing index. According to these indices, the agents pass or yield their lane for other vehicles; the driver management system constructs the vehicle agents capable of representing the physical vehicle itself. A vehicle agent shows its behavior according to its dynamic characteristics. The vehicle agent contains the nonlinear subcomponents of engine, torque converter, automatic transmission, and wheels. The simulation is conducted for an interrupted flow model and its results are verified by comparison with the results from a commercial software, TRANSYT-7F. The interrupted flow model simulation is implemented for three cases. The first case analyzes the agents' behaviors in the interrupted flow model and it confirms that the agent's behavior could characterize the diversity of human behavior and vehicle well through every rule and communication frameworks. The second case analyzes the traffic signals changed at different intervals and as the acceleration rate changed. The third case analyzes the effects of the traffic signals and traffic volume. The results of these analyses showed that the change of the traffic state was closely related with the vehicle acceleration rate, traffic volume, and the traffic signal interval between intersections. These simulations confirmed that MATDYMO can represent the real traffic condition of the interrupted flow model. At the current stage of development, MATDYMO shows great promise and has significant implications on future traffic state forecasting research.

Performance evaluation of high-performance lattice girder using numerical analysis (수치해석을 통한 고성능 격자지보재의 성능 평가)

  • Kim, Dong-Gyou;Ahn, Sungyoull
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.897-908
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    • 2019
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate the field support performance of highperformance lattice girder (BK-Lattice Girder) by using numerical analysis. Three types (50, 70, 95-type) of existing and high performance lattice girders were applied to the cross section of highway 2, 3, and 4 lane tunnels to compare the supporting performance. The numerical analysis was the finite element method and the lattice girder was modeled in three dimensions with an elasto-plastic frame. The ground was modeled as a spring receiving only compression. The load was applied as a concentrated load on the central ceiling of the tunnel section. The yield strengths of the lattice girders were determined from the numerical results to compare the supporting performance of lattice girder. In case of 50-type, the yield strengths of high-performance lattice girders were increased by 6.7~10.0% compared with those of the existing lattice girders. In the case of 70-type, the high-performance lattice girders increased yield strengths by 12.1~14.9% than the existing lattice girder. In the case of 95-type, the high-performance lattice girders increased yield strengths by 13.3~20.0% than the existing lattice girder. As a result of numerical analysis, it was considered that the high-performance lattice girder supported better than the existing lattice girder when only the lattice girders were constructed.

Development of a Multiple Linear Regression Model to Analyze Traffic Volume Error Factors in Radar Detectors

  • Kim, Do Hoon;Kim, Eung Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.253-263
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    • 2021
  • Traffic data collected using advanced equipment are highly valuable for traffic planning and efficient road operation. However, there is a problem regarding the reliability of the analysis results due to equipment defects, errors in the data aggregation process, and missing data. Unlike other detectors installed for each vehicle lane, radar detectors can yield different error types because they detect all traffic volume in multilane two-way roads via a single installation external to the roadway. For the traffic data of a radar detector to be representative of reliable data, the error factors of the radar detector must be analyzed. This study presents a field survey of variables that may cause errors in traffic volume collection by targeting the points where radar detectors are installed. Video traffic data are used to determine the errors in traffic measured by a radar detector. This study establishes three types of radar detector traffic errors, i.e., artificial, mechanical, and complex errors. Among these types, it is difficult to determine the cause of the errors due to several complex factors. To solve this problem, this study developed a radar detector traffic volume error analysis model using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicate that the characteristics of the detector, road facilities, geometry, and other traffic environment factors affect errors in traffic volume detection.

Optimization of Human Thrombopoietin Production in Insert Cells Using Baculovirus Expression System (베큘로 바이러스 발현 시스템에 의한 곤충세포에서의 인간 트롬보포이에틴 생산 최적화)

  • 고여욱;손미영;박상규;안혜경;박승국;박명환;양재명
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.181-186
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    • 1998
  • In order to obtain high-level production of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in insect cell line, HTI-TN-5B1-4 (TN5), conditions for optimal rhTPO expression such as multiplicity of infection (MOI), the cell density at infection, harvesting time and type of culture method as well as growth media were determined. When TN5 cells were cultured as anchorage-dependent state in 60-mm dish, cell density $2\times^6$ cells,MOI of 10 and Garvesting the culture media at 72 hr post-infection wrere the cinditions for highest rh TPO production. High production of rhTPO was also achieved by using EXPRESS FIVE serum free media rather than SF900II serum free media-1. Anchorage-dependent TN5 cells were adapted as a suspension culture when they were grown in the presence of heparin. TN5 cells were successfully cultured at 0.2 L scale in suspension culture without having aggregation. When TN5 cells were cultured as suspension state, cell density of $0.6\times10^6$ cells/mL, MOI of 1 and harvesting the culture media at 72 hr post-infection, gave the highest yield of rhTPO.

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An Analysis of Roundabout Application Effects Based on Before and After Field Studies (사전·사후 비교분석을 통한 회전교차로 도입 효과분석)

  • Lee, Dongmin;You, Jungho;Kim, Dohoon;Lee, Sukki
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.111-119
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    • 2013
  • PURPOSES: Though the situation that the roundabouts are actively constructed, researches on the effect of the roundabouts focus mainly on the analysis of the expected effects of using only traffic simulation on the operation. Considering such problems, this study is conducted to analyze the effects of the various aspects based on field observation studies. METHODS: This study evaluated and analyzed the effects from the aspects of traffic operation, traffic safety, and traffic behavior by performing field observation studies with six roundabouts with/without signal controls on the pilot project areas for the roundabouts installed in 2010. RESULTS: Through the study results, it was found that the average travel time decreases by 14.7% and 2.4% on the signalized intersections and unsignalized intersections, respectively. The average travel speed increases by 9.7 and 5.8km/h on the roundabouts with/without signal lights. Regarding traffic safety, the speed deviation among individual vehicles decreases by approximately 18.4 to 32.7km/h, thus confirming the safety effects. As the decrease of the number of conflicts, it might be explained that car crashes and collision with pedestrians decreased by 62.2% and 66.7%. Also the result shows that the lowest point of speed in roundabouts appears near the yield line on the entry area on the roundabouts. When passing through the roundabouts, vehicles enter at a speed of 20-30km/h, which is the design speed of the circulatory lane and drive out the roundabout with a higher speed than the entry speed. CONCLUSIONS: When a roundabout is introduced at the intersections below certain traffic volume there are effects of traffic operation, traffic safety, and traffic behavior.

Durability Evaluation of Hybrid Expansion Joint System with Improved Replacement (보수성을 개선한 복합형 신축이음장치(HRS) 내구성 평가)

  • Jung Woo Lee
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2023
  • Durability was evaluated by performing a full-scale vertical load fatigue test and a wheel load performance test on the HRS, which reduces the replacement time of the existing expansion joint and improves serviceability to allow partial replacement by lane. As a result of the vertical load fatigue test, the maximum stress of the rail-type expansion joint is 170 MPa, which is about 47.8% of the yield strength of the HRS expansion joint rail 355 MPa. The vertical load fatigue test of the HRS expansion joint with improved serviceability set the size and load of the load plate according to the road bridge design standards, did not show any fracture behavior in the vertical load fatigue test and the wheel load performance test 2 million times, and its durability and safety were verified.

A Study on Appropriate Traffic Volume Calculation for Revitalizing Roundabout Installation (국내 회전교차로 활성화를 위한 적정교통량 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Dongmin;You, Jungho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2013
  • A roundabout is a form of circular intersection in which traffic travels counterclockwise around a central island and in which entering traffic must yield to circulating traffic. It has been known that a roundabout provides substantially better operational and safety characteristics than other intersections including rotaries. Recently, a roundabout has started to be constructed due to its efficiency, safety, and other advantages of a roundabout comparing other intersections in Korea. However, there has been no guideline to be used to decide appropriate intersection types considering given conditions of the intersections. To solve this problem, the guideline with traffic volume to choose the suitable intersection types was developed based on analysis results using the SIDRA software which is generally used to analyze operational effects of roundabouts. It was found that a roundabout is more efficient than signalized intersection when the traffic volume is between 125 and 450 veh/h on one lane road and roundabout is not recommended when there are more than 30% left turn traffic. The optimal traffic volume provided in this research will be usefully used in planing and designing roundabouts in Korea.

Effects of Time Pressure and Induced-Anger on Driving Performance: A Simulation Study (시간압력 스트레스와 유도된 분노가 운전 수행에 미치는 영향: 운전 시뮬레이션 연구)

  • Woo-Il Sung;Jaesik Lee
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.547-563
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to examine the stress effects of time pressure and induced driver-anger on driving performance. The participants in the four different stress conditions(i.e., control condition, time pressure, induced anger, and mixed condition where induced-anger and time pressure were combined) were asked to drive the driving simulator, and their driving performances(i. e., lane crossing, signal violation, speeding, and deviation form designated path) were measured as the dependent variable. The results can be summarized as followings. (1) Induced-anger alone and the mixed driver stresses tended to yield deteriorated driving performances as well as awareness for designated path, (2) Time pressure alone appeared to have only limited effect both on the driving and path awareness. And (3) the effects of induced-anger alone and the mixed condition on driving performance and path awareness did not show ant significant difference. The results of the present study indicated that drivers' basic vehicle control and keeping awareness to destination could be affected differently by the types of driver stress.

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Studies on the Foliar Application of Urea as Nitrogen Source of Rice Plant Nutrition (요소엽면살포(尿素葉面撒布)에 따른 수도(水稻)의 질소영양(窒素營養)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Cho, Seoung-Jin
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.9
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    • pp.125-147
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    • 1968
  • This experiment was carried out as a part of the studies on reasonable application of nitrogen in rice plant to determine: (I) Nitrogen absorption. and rooting of rice seedlings as affected by urea foliar application at late seedling stage (II) Effect of leaf prunning and foliar application of urea at late heading stage on the maturation and yield of rice (III) Effect of foliar application of urea and its time during the stage of ear formation on yield of rice plant. Results obtained are summarized as follows. Exp.I: Nitrogen absorption and rooting of rice seedlings as affected be urea foliar application at late seedling stage. 1 : The foliar application of urea plots$(T_{1},T_2)$ snowed mare N-content than non-urea foliar application plot(T0) at lane seedling stage, being significant among treatments and foliar application of urea seemed more effective in increasing the N-content of seedlings. and promoted root settlement and early growth alter the transplanting. 2 : The carbon contents of the plants of $T_1$, and $T_2$ at late seedling stage increased than T0, and the carbon contents. of $T_1$ and $T_2$ plots became higher in amount in proportion to the nitrogen absorption as compared with those of $T_0$. 3 : C/N ratio appeared significant among soil application plots($N_1, \;N_2$) and foliar application of urea plots ($T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_0$). C/N ratio was lower in case of increased amount of nitrogen. The higher contents of nitrogen and carbon and lower C/N ratio resulted in the increment of root numbers and root lengths. Exp.II: Effect of leaf prunning and foliar application of urea at late heading stage on the maturation and yield of rice. 1 : There was a highly significant decrease in the maturing rate by severe leaf prunning. In the mean time, significant increase in maturing rate was observed with urea foliar application and it was found the more frequent application the more effective for higher maturing rate with a moderate significance. A correlationship between the level of prunning and maturing rate was enumerated to 0.961 of correlation coefficient, which indicated an increased maturing rate by the increased number of remaining leaves. 2 : The 1.000 grain weight, grain weight and hulled rice yield increased by leaf prunning in order (plot a$A_1$, $A_3$, $A_2$ and $A_0$ were 89.8%, 89.4%, 87.8% and 87.5% respectively, showing the highest of rate in $A_1$ and $A_3$ in methods of ear fertilization and being highly significant between its treatment. 3 : 1000 grain weights were highly significant between time of application, showing a tendency of increase of weights with the time lagging until days before earings as that of maturing rates. High significance was recognized between methods of ear fertilization, showing the highest in $A_2$ 23.18 gr. 4 : Yields per $3.3m^2$ were not significant between time of ear fertilization, whereas were highly significant between methods of ear fertilization. Those of $A_1$, $A_3$, $A_2$ and $A_0$ were 1.486 kg, 1.491 kg, 1.381 kg and 1.328 kg, respectively, showing the highest in $A_1$ and $A_3$. 5 : Hulling ratios showed significant different between time of ear fertilization, showing the highest in $T_2$, whereas those of methods of ear fertilization were highly significant between its treatment, Those of $A_1$, $A_3$, $A_2$ and $A_0$ were 84.72%, 84.06%, 83.29%, and 82.56% respectively, showing the highest m $A_2$ and $A_3$ among others. 6 : Yields of hulled rice per $3.3m^2$ showed significant different between time of ear fertilization, showing the highest in $T_1$ 1.192 kg. Whereas, those were highly significant between methods of ear fertilization. Those of $A_1$, $A_3$, $A_2$ and $A_0$ were 1.259 kg, 1.254 kg, 1.149 kg and 1.095 kg, respectively, showing the highest in $A_1$ and $A_2$. 7 : Contents of nitrogen on rice plant increased in case of nitrogen application as ear fertilizer and showed that the case of urea foliar application was more effective than that of soil application, showing the increased nitrogen content of rice plant was accompanied by carbon content.

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