• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.393-405
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• 2007

Simulation results of WRF for the case of typhoon 'Rusa' were analyzed, comparing with observed data especially forjavascript:confirm_mark('abe', '1'); the Gangneung area around to examine its ability in numerical simulation. From the hourly precipitation time series, two peaks were found at Gangneung and Daegwallyeong, while only one peak was found from those of inland regions else. Especially, for the Yeongdong region, the first peak was directly related to spiral bands generated in front of the typhoon. Convective cells that were developed within the spiral bands moved to the eastern coastal area from the sea so that local heavy rainfall occurred in the Yeongdong region. The second peak was mainly related to the accompanying rain band of typhoon itself, topographic effect and the convergence near Gangneung area. Precipitation in Gangneung was simulated as much as about 30% of observed one. The main reason of this result came from a poor representation of wind directions in Gangneung area of WRF model. Observed wind direction was northwesterly but simulated one was nearly easterly in the area. This might shift a local heavy rainfall area downstream to the mountain area rather than the coastal area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.71-87
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• 2007

In this study, 14 heavy snow events in Yeongdong area which are local phenomena are analyzed using MODIS cloud products provided from NASA/GSFC. The clouds of Yeongdong area at observed at specific time by MODIS are classified into A, B, C Types, based on the characteristic of cloud properties: cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness, Effective Particle Radius, and Cloud Particle Phase. The analysis of relations between cloud properties and precipitation amount for each cloud type show that there are statistically significant correlations between Cloud Optical Thickness and precipitation amount for both A and B type and also significant correlation is found between Cloud Top Temperature and precipitation amount for A type. However, for C type there is not any significant correlations between cloud properties and precipitation amount. A-type clouds are mainly lower stratus clouds with small-size droplet, which may be formed under the low level cold advection derived synoptically in the East sea. B-type clouds are developed cumuliform clouds, which are closely related to the low pressure center developing over the East sea. On the other hand, C-type clouds are likely multi-layer clouds, which make satellite observation difficult due to covering of high clouds over low level clouds directly related with Yeongdong heavy snow. It is, therefore, concluded that MODIS cloud products may be useful except the multi-layer clouds for understanding the mechanism of heavy snow and estimating the precipitation amount from satellite data in the case of Yeongdong heavy snow.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-107
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• 2014

This study presents spatial characteristics of cloud using satellite image in the extreme heavy snowfall of the Yeongdong region. 3 extreme heavy snowfall events in the Yeongdong region during the recent 12 years (2001 ~ 2012) are selected for which the fresh snow cover exceed 50 cm/day. Spatial characteristics (minimum brightness temperature; Tmin, cloud size, center of cloud-cell) of cloud are analyzed by tracking main cloud-cell related with these events. These characteristics are compared with radar precipitation in the Yeongdong region to investigate relationship between cloud and precipitation. The results are summarized as follows, selected extreme heavy snowfall events are associated with the isolated, well-developed, and small-scale convective cloud which is developing over the Yeongdong region or moving from over East Korea Bay to the Yeongdong region. During the period of main precipitation, cloud-cell Tmin is low ($-40{\sim}-50^{\circ}C$) and cloud area is small (17,000 ~ 40,000 $km^2$). Precipitation area (${\geq}$ 0.5 mm/hr) from radar also shows small and isolated shape (4,000 ~ 8,000 $km^2$). The locations of the cloud and precipitation are similar, but in there centers are located closely to the coast of the Yeongdong region. In all events the extreme heavy snowfall occur in the period a developed cloud-cell was moving into the coastal waters of the Yeongdong. However, it was found that developing stage of cloud and precipitation are not well matched each other in one of 3 events. Water vapor image shows that cloud-cell is developed on the northern edge of the dry(dark) region. Therefore, at the result analyzed from cloud and precipitation, selected extreme heavy snowfall events are associated with small-scale secondary cyclone or vortex, not explosive polar low. Detection and tracking small-scale cloud-cell in the real-time forecasting of the Yeongdong extreme heavy snowfall is important.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.187-200
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• 2018

The heavy snowfall phenomenon with thunder and lightning occurred in Yeongdong coastal region on 20 January 2017. Amount of snow on that day was a maximum of 47 cm and was concentrated in a short time (2 hours) at the Yeongdong coastal area. The mechanism of thundersnow was investigated to describe in detail using observational data and numerical simulation (Weather Research and Forecast, WRF) applied lightning option. The results show that a convective cloud occurred at the Yeongdong coastal area. The east wind flow was generated and the pressure gradient force was maximized by the rapidly developed cyclone. The cold and dry air in the upper atmosphere has descended (so called tropopause folding) atmospheric lower layer at precipitation peak time (1200 LST). In addition, latent heat in the lower atmosphere layer and warm sea surface temperature caused thermal instability. The convective cloud caused by the strong thermal instability was developed up to 6 km at that time. And the backdoor cold front was determined by the change characteristics of meteorological elements and shear line in the east sea. Instability indexes such as Total totals Index (TT) and Lightning Potential Index (LPI) are also confirmed as one of good predictability indicates for the explosive precipitation of convective rainfall.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-238
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• 2016

This study evaluated potential application of illite, which is produced at Yeongdong area in Korea, to remove radiocesium released to environmental system through severe nuclear accidents. The Yeongdong illite was formed by metamorphose of micaceous schist in hydrothermal condition, and composed of quartz, illite, and albite. Sorption distribution coefficient ($K_d$) of cesium by the Yeongdong illite was higher than the $K_d$ values for other clay minerals. It may be affected by preferential adsorption of cesium to Frayed Edge Sites (FES) on illite. Nonlinear isotherm models were suitable to describe the sorption processes for the Yeongdong illite. Its max. single layer capacity was $250,000{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$ for cesium. Therefore, the Yeongdong illite could be an efficient and economic sorbent to prevent dispersion of radiocesium, and apply for remediation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.445-466
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• 2017

Yeongdong area is located in the contact zone between central southeastern Ogcheon belt and Yeongnam massif, in which Cretaceous Yeongdong basin exists. Therefore, the study area has complex geological environment of various geological age and rock types such as Precambrian metamorphic rocks, age-unknown Ogcheon Supergroup, Paleozoic/Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic igneous rocks and Quaternary alluvial deposits. This study focuses on the link between the various geology and water type, and discussed the source of some major ions and their related water-rock interaction. For this study, the field parameters and ion concentrations for twenty alluvial/weathered and eighty bedrock aquifer wells were used. Statistical analysis indicates that there was no significant differences in groundwater quality between wet and dry seasons. Although various types were observed due to complex geology, 80 to 84 % of samples showed $Ca-HCO_3$ water type. Some wells placed in alluvial/weathered aquifers of Precambrian metamorphic and Jurassic granitic terrains showed somewhat elevated $NO_3$ and Cl concentrations. $Mg-HCO_3$ typed waters prevailed in Cretaceous Yeongdong sedimentary rocks. The deeper wells placed in bedrock aquifers showed complicated water types varying from $Ca-HCO_3$ through $Ca-Cl/SO_4/NO_3$ to $Na-HCO_3$ and Na-Cl type. Groundwater samples with $Na-HCO_3$ or Na-Cl types are generally high in F concentrations, indicating more influences of water-rock interaction within mineralized/hydrothermal alteration zone by Cretaceous porphyry or granites. This study revealed that many deep-seated aquifer had been contaminated by $NO_3$, especially prominent in Jurassic granites area. Based on molar ratios of $HCO_3/Ca$, $HCO_3/Na$, Na/Si, it can be inferred that Ca and $HCO_3$ components of most groundwater in alluvial/weathered aquifer wells were definitely related with dissolution of calcite. On the other hand, Ca and $HCO_3$ in bedrock aquifer seem to be due to dissolution of feldspar besides calcite. However, these molar ratios require other mechanism except simple weathering process causing feldspar to be broken into kaolinite. The origin of $HCO_3$ of some groundwater occurring in Cretaceous Yeongdong sedimentary rock area seems to be from dissolution of dolomite($MgCO_3$) or strontianite($SrCO_3$) as well.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the curriculum, educational facilities and employment guidance of the departments dental hygiene in junior colleges in different regions and the satisfaction level of students with their major in an effort to provide some information on the improvement of educational environments and satisfaction level with the major. Methods : The subjects in this study were 315 dental hygiene students in several junior colleges located in Seoul, Gangwon Province and South Jeolla Province. A survey was conducted during a 15-day period from April 15 to March 1, 2010. Results : As for educational environments and satisfaction level with the major, they gave 3.18, 2.95 and 3.11 respectively to satisfaction level with curriculum, facilities/employment guidance and the major. In terms of satisfaction with educational environments by academic year, the juniors and seniors expressed much satisfaction with the qualifications of professors, the preparation of labs and practice devices, the utilization of labs and practice devices and a supply of employment information. By region, the students from the metropolitan area were satisfied a lot with curriculum, the qualifications of professors, practice-centered curriculum, the preparation of labs and practice devices, the utilization of labs and practice devices, the system of employment guidance and a supply of employment information. By credit, the students tho got A expressed lots of satisfaction with the quality of instruction. Concerning satisfaction level with their major by academic year, the juniors and seniors were highly satisfied with relationship with dental hygiene professors and social status of dental hygienists. By school location, the students from the metropolitan area expressed a lot of satisfaction with the content of major courses and social status of dental hygienists. Conclusions : In order to boost the satisfaction level of students in non-metropolitan areas, colleges should try to improve educational environments, and full-fledged assistance should be provided to them.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 2021

In order to investigate downslope windstorm by using more detailed observation, we observed 6 cases at 3 sites - Inje, Yongpyeong, and Bukgangneung - during "3-D Meteorological Observation Project in Yeongdong region of Gangwon province, South Korea in 2020." The results from analysis of the project data were as follows. First, AWS data showed that a subsidence inversion layer appeared in 800~700 hPa on the windward side and 900~850 hPa on the leeward side. Second, before strong wind occurred, the inversion layer had descended to about 880~800 hPa. Third, with mountain wave breaking, downslope wind was intensified at the height of 2~3 km above sea level. After the downslope wind began to descend, the subsidence inversion layer developed. When the subsidence inversion layer got close to the ground, wind peak occurred. In general, UM (Unified Model) GDAPS (Global Data Assimilation Prediction System) have had negative bias in wind speed around peak area of Taebaek mountain range, and positive bias in that of East Sea coast area. The stronger wind blew, the larger the gap between observed and predicted wind speed by GDAPS became. GDAPS predicted strong p-velocity at 0600 LST 25 Apr 2020 (4^th case) and weak p-velocity at 2100 LST 01 Jun 2020 (6^th case) on the lee-side of Taebaek mountain range near Yangyang. As hydraulic jump theory was proved, which is known as a mechanism of downslope windstorm in Yeongdong region, it was confirmed that there is a relationship between p-velocity of lee-side and wind speed of eastern slope of Taebaek mountain range.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.133-140
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• 2011

The Government's investment for rural issues and continues to increase in the rural village developed and emerging. Among these development plans in the amenity characteristics analysis is an essential element of working. In this study, Chungbuk Yeongdong sihanggol in sub-analysis of the resources and amenities to the regional characteristics you want to animate a plan was developed. Analysis of city attractions as well as through seeking to gain a competitive edge and to reflect the resident physicians conducted a SWOT analysis. Major strategic include utilizing the strengths sihanggol opportunities for the many ways to leverage the resources and sub-concepts derived from detailed planning to detailed business information presented.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.637-648
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the nutrient intakes, antioxidants, and inflammatory markers of overweight and obese adults (46 females and 16 males) in Yeongdong area. The study was conducted through questionnaires, anthropometric checkups, 2-day 24 hr recalls and blood biomarker analyses. Body fat was significantly higher in women compared to men. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly higher in men compared to women. There were no significant differences in height, weight, body mass index, and waist size among the two groups. The intake of nutrients was significantly higher in men compared to women. Ferric reducing ability plasma (FRAP) was significantly higher in men compared to women. Body fat was positively associated with blood IL-6 and IL-8 levels. DBP was positively associated with FRAP. The intake of protein was negatively associated with IL-6 levels. The intake of carbohydrates was negatively associated with total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were negatively associated with TAC. These results suggest that antioxidant and inflammatory markers may be related to the body fat percentage and dietary intake in overweight and obese adults.