• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1984

Traditionally dyeing fabrics with pigment extracted from carthamus flower was a popular method of obtaining red color in Korea. Such a method existed in several countries throughout the world before the synthetic dyestuff was developed. However, the traditional procedures of using natural products in obtaining colored materials are completely forgotten in modern Korea. The details of dyeing procedures fare not well documented in literature, either. In this study the method of extracting and dyeing with carthamus flower is reconstructed from Korean literature and actually carried out in laboratorf. The reconstructed method is compared with those of Japan, China, France, and Egypt, and the scientific basis of such an ancient tradition is discussed. Carthamus contains two kinds of coloring components : yellow carthamin and red carthamone. Water-soluble carthamin is first extracted by repeated washing and is usually used for the initial soaking procedure. Then carthamone is extracted in alkali solution by adding ashes of dried plants such as carthamus stalks and bean hull. Finally the solution of carthamone is made acidic by adding schizandra juice for dyeing on fabrics.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.79-82
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• 1998

White and blue/white varieties of Torenia hybrida cv. Summerwave (SWB) were successfully obtained from the blue variety of by cosuppressing gene expression of two of the enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis; chalcone synthase (CHS) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Such molecular brceding is the only precise and efficient way to widen the flower color variation of SWB due to its male and female sterility. Flower color and the degree of suppression varies depending on the transgenic lines. The dorsal and ventral petal lobes and corolla tube consistently lose anthocyanins prior to lateral petal lobes. A pink variety was also obtained by cosuppressing the flavonoid 3`5`-hydroxylase (F3`5`H) gene. Yellow torenia was obtained from T-33, an in-house cultivar that contained both carotenoids and anthocyanins, by blockage of anthocyanin biosynthesis with cosuppressing CHS or DFR genes.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to inquire original design and character of dancheong in Yeongnamnu P avilion which features unusual portraits of twisting dragons and four heavenly creatures. Its artistic value and originality can be found in the portraits of four heavenly creatures which are painted on the interior seonjayeon(fan shape rafter) and in the unique design of crossbeam meoricho(flower decorations on each side of pillars). Yeongnamnu's crossbeam meoricho is janggu-meoricho type(meoricho with hourglass figure) with full-shape lotus and half-shape flower decorations. And it can be said that, dragon portrait painted on the border of lotus and flower decorations in green and yellow is a very unique style of dancheong, for the reason that it has scarcely been used before and ever since. The portrait of four heavenly creatures painted on each corner of seonjayeon is also found to be unique in design, for the reason that the design has rarely been used throughout history, with only two exceptions in mural tombs of Goguryeo and folding screen in Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung P alace. With its unique and authentic feature along with its rarity in number, the portrait of four heavenly creatures painted on Yeongnamnu can be considered as quite symbolic and important.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1999

The flowers of Alcea rosea L., Malvaceae, sold in the Indian market under the trade name 'Gulkhairo', are well known for their expectorant, cooling and diuretic properties and used in many indigenous cough mixtures in India. The present paper deals with the detailed pharmacognosy of the floral parts including morphological, anatomical, phytochemical and fluorescence characters. Some of the diagnostic features of the drug are : pedicel characterized by multicellular appendages, stellate hairs, rosette crystals of Ca-oxalate, starch sheath and large sized mucilage canals; sepals having distinctive multicellular appendages arranged in a semilunar fashion present adaxially at their base; monadelphous stamens, pollen grains pentaporate provided with dimorphic spines; placentation axile, ovules campylotropous; dark green fluorescence of the powder with nitrocellulose in amyl acetate and yellow fluorescence of trichomes under Fluorescence microscope.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2004

These studies were carried out to develop native Calanthe in Korea. Calanthe native to southern islands in Korea has beautiful flowers with various color and sweet fragrance, and it has been reported to have very good ornamental value. According to the morphological characteristics of leaves and flower color, 57 horticultural lines of Calanthe collected in natural crossing group were investigated. And the selected orchid was given a name of horticultural cultivar to ‘Narai’. In its color of flower, sepal was deep purplish red, petal was yellow and lip was white. And also, ‘Narai’ had strong fragrance and shape of blooming was flat-blooming type.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2021

Mass trapping of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, has been considered as an option to control this pest. This study applied the commercial lures to the hot pepper-cultivating greenhouses and assessed the enhancement of the attracting efficiency by adding to sticky traps. There was no color difference in the attracting efficiency between blue and yellow sticky traps. However, the installation position of the traps was crucial in the greenhouses. The more thrips were captured within host cropping area than outside areas of the crop. In vertical trap position, it was the most optimal to install the traps at the crop crown. Using these installation parameters, the yellow sticky traps captured approximately 1% population of the thrips. To enhance the trapping efficiency, the commercial lures containing aggregation pheromone or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde were added to the yellow sticky traps. However, these commercial lures did not significantly enhance the trapping efficiency compared to the yellow sticky trap alone. In contrast, Y-tube olfactometry assays confirmed the high efficiency of the aggregation pheromone or another plant volatile (methyl isonicotinate) to attract the thrips. Interestingly, these lure components had lower attracting efficiencies compared to the hot pepper flowers. The high attractive efficiency of the flowers was supported by the observation that the commercial lure was effective to enhance the trapping efficiency of the yellow sticky trap against F. occidentalis in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) field without any flowers. This study indicates the limitation of the commercial lures in application to hot pepper fields for the mass trapping of F. occidentalis. It also suggests active volatile component(s) from hot pepper flowers to attract F. occidentalis.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2013

F. occidentalis (WFT, western flower thrips) is a major pest in artificial chrysanthemum houses. Nnumber of WFT attracted to yellow sticky trap was highest at trap plant and lowest at 15 and 20m places away from trap plant. Number of WFT attracted to yellow stick trap when trap plant was placed in chrysanthemum house 30 days after planting (resident WFT) was 4.4~7.7 times more than at 5 and 10 m places away from trap plant and when trap plant was placed in chrysanthemum house immediately after planting (resident WFT) was 5.7~9.4 times more at 5 and 10 m places away from trap plant. Number of WFT between the place trap plant located and unlocated was undifferent when cultured chrysanthemum formed flower. In case of the plot that trap plant and natural enemy was used simultaneously, number of WFT was highter then chemicals plot. In case of the plot that trap plant and chamicals (chemicals was sprayed on trap plant only) WFT was controlled in trap plant place only but density of WFT on 5m and 10m places away from trap plant was increased. Therefore, WFT could be controlled effectively by use of trap plant (flowering yellow chrysanthemum) and natural enemy simultaneously.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2002

Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi(Kalt.) plays a key role in determining the productivity of rapeseed-mustard. This pest alone attributes 30-70% losses in yield potential in different agro climatic zones with a mean loss of 54.2% in India. Considering the extent of damage caused by the pest, the present experiment was conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station during 1992-93 to 1994-95 to study the migratory nature of mustard aphid by trapping them in yellow colour pan tray and their simultaneous growth and development on three different genotypes. The temperature during noon hours is the predominant factor to govern the appearance of alate mustard aphid in rapeseed-mustard field. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that temperature and relative humidity played an important role for its development. The variety RW white flower glossy stem harboured minimum number of aphid in comparison to other two varieties B 9 and T6342. The population reached a peak of 61.28 aphids/10 cm central twig during $6^{th}$ standard week irrespective of varieties.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-23
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• 2004

These studies were carried out to develop native Calanthe in Korea. Calanthe native to southern islands in korea has beautiful flowers with various color and sweet fragrance, and it has been reported to have very good ornamental value. Concerning the classified 57 lines had surveyed their characteristics during the three years, and confirmed which that had manifestation stably. And then, a line was developed and given a name of horticultural cultivar to ‘Saegdong’. The major characteristics of the selected line, ‘Saegdong’, were as follows. In its color of flower, sepal was reddish orange, petal was yellow and lip was yellow. ‘Saegdong’ had a bended-inner blooming type.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 2012

To search for the co-relationships between insect-pollinators and the plant species of Asteraceae, insects visiting in flower and the flowers in Korea, were studied from April 2010 to October 2011. The sum of flower visiting degrees are shown 38 in Lepidoptera, 38 in Diptera, 36 in Hymenoptera, and the lowest 6 in Coleoptera, respectively. 65 insect species are identified pollinators, Hymenoptera 13 species(Apidae 11 sp., Formicidae 2 sp.), Lepidoptera 29 species(Pieridae 5sp., Nymphalidae 12 sp., Satyridae 3 sp., Hesperirdae 3 sp., Lycaenidae 2 sp., Danaidae 1 sp., Moth 2 sp.), Diptera 16 species(Tachinidae 1 sp., Syrphidae 12 sp., Muscidae 1sp., Others 2 sp.), and Coleoptera 6 species(Cetoniidae 1 sp., Cermbycidae 3 sp., Chrysomelidae 1 sp., Mordellidae 1 sp.). 31 pollinator species visits the flower of $Erigeron$ $annuus$, next 15 pollinator species does the flower of $Eupatorium$ $japonicum$, and then 13 pollinator species does the flower of $Aster$ $ageratoides$. Only 2 pollinator species visit the flower of $Tephroseris$ $kirilowii$, $Ixeridium$ $dentatum$, $Inula$ $britannica$ var. $japonica$, $Carduus$ $crispus$, $Ligularia$ $fischeri$, $Ainsliaea$ $acerifolia$, $Synurus$ $deltoides$, $Cirsium$ $setidens$, $Crepidiastrum$ $enticulatum$ and $Dendranthema$ $boreale$. Pollinators of Lepidoptera visit more frequently white flower than yellow or purple one. This study found out that mutualisic relations between plants and insect pollinators is carried out in Korea.