Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Floral Characteristics of Asteraceae Flowers and Insect Pollinators in Korea

우리나라 국화과 식물의 화기구조와 방화 곤충 연구

  • Kim, Gab-Tae (Dept. of Forest Sciences, Sangji Univ.) ;
  • Lyu, Dong-Pyo (Dept. of Forest Sciences, Sangji Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Hoi-Jin (Dept. of Seed and Seedling Management, Kor. For. Seed and Var. Center)
  • Received : 2011.12.19
  • Accepted : 2012.03.17
  • Published : 2012.04.30
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Abstract

To search for the co-relationships between insect-pollinators and the plant species of Asteraceae, insects visiting in flower and the flowers in Korea, were studied from April 2010 to October 2011. The sum of flower visiting degrees are shown 38 in Lepidoptera, 38 in Diptera, 36 in Hymenoptera, and the lowest 6 in Coleoptera, respectively. 65 insect species are identified pollinators, Hymenoptera 13 species(Apidae 11 sp., Formicidae 2 sp.), Lepidoptera 29 species(Pieridae 5sp., Nymphalidae 12 sp., Satyridae 3 sp., Hesperirdae 3 sp., Lycaenidae 2 sp., Danaidae 1 sp., Moth 2 sp.), Diptera 16 species(Tachinidae 1 sp., Syrphidae 12 sp., Muscidae 1sp., Others 2 sp.), and Coleoptera 6 species(Cetoniidae 1 sp., Cermbycidae 3 sp., Chrysomelidae 1 sp., Mordellidae 1 sp.). 31 pollinator species visits the flower of $Erigeron$ $annuus$, next 15 pollinator species does the flower of $Eupatorium$ $japonicum$, and then 13 pollinator species does the flower of $Aster$ $ageratoides$. Only 2 pollinator species visit the flower of $Tephroseris$ $kirilowii$, $Ixeridium$ $dentatum$, $Inula$ $britannica$ var. $japonica$, $Carduus$ $crispus$, $Ligularia$ $fischeri$, $Ainsliaea$ $acerifolia$, $Synurus$ $deltoides$, $Cirsium$ $setidens$, $Crepidiastrum$ $enticulatum$ and $Dendranthema$ $boreale$. Pollinators of Lepidoptera visit more frequently white flower than yellow or purple one. This study found out that mutualisic relations between plants and insect pollinators is carried out in Korea.

우리나라에 생육하는 국화과 식물들의 화기구조와 화분매개충의 상호관련성을 밝히고자, 2010년 4월부터 2011년 10월까지 꽃을 찾는 곤충들을 조사였으며 꽃들의 화기구조를 관찰하였다. 나비목 곤충이 38, 꽃등에과를 비롯한 파리목 곤충의 방화빈도 등급의 합이 38, 벌목 곤충들이 36의 높은 방화빈도를 보였다. 꽃무지과를 비롯한 딱정벌레목의 방화빈도 등급의 합이 6으로 가장 낮았다. 주요 화분매개충은 벌목 13종(꿀벌과 11종, 개미과 2종), 나비목 29종(배추흰나비과 5종, 네발나비과 12종, 뱀눈나비과 3종, 팔랑나비과 3종, 부전나비과 2종, 왕나비과 1종 및 나방류 2종), 파리목 16종(기생파리과 1종, 꽃등에과 12종 및 집파리과 1종), 딱정벌레목 6종(꽃무지과 2종, 하늘소과 2종, 잎벌레과 1종 및 꽃벼룩과 1종) 등 65종으로 나타났다 개망초는 방화곤충이 31종으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 등골나물이 15종, 까실쑥부쟁이가 13종 순으로 낮아졌다. 솜방망이, 씀바귀, 금불초, 지느러미엉겅퀴, 곰취, 단풍취, 수리취, 고려엉겅퀴, 이고들빼기 및 산국은 모두 방화곤충이 2종으로 매우 적었다. 나비목 곤충들은 황색이나 자주색에 비하여 백색의 꽃에 상대적으로 높은 방화빈도를 보였다. 이 연구로 국화과 식물의 화기구조와 화분 매개 곤충 간의 상리공생적 상호관계를 어느 정도 파악하였다.

Keywords

References

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