• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.1322-1327
• /
• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental copper (Cu) chelates (methionine, chitosan and yeast) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum IgG level, gizzard erosion, Cu content in the liver and excreta and the level of total cholesterol in breast muscle and serum of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty hatched broiler chickens (Ross$^{(R)}$ 208) were assigned to 4 treatments: control, 100 ppm Cu in methionine chelate (Met-Cu), 100 ppm Cu in chitosan chelate (Chitosan-Cu) and 100 ppm Cu in yeast chelate (Yeast-Cu). Each treatment had six replicates of 10 (5 males+5 females) birds each. Weight gain and feed intake tended to be higher in Cu chelate treatments than the control; weight gain was significantly higher in the Met-Cu chelate treatment and feed intake was significantly higher in the Yeast-Cu chelate treatment than the control (p<0.05). Feed/gain was significantly different between treatments in which Met-Cu was lowest followed by the control, Chitosan-Cu and Yeast-Cu. DM availability was increased by Cu chelates among which chitosan-Cu showed the highest DM availability. Cu chelates supplementation tended to increase gizzard erosion index, and Cu content in the liver was highest in the Met-Cu treatment. Supplementation of Cu chelates tended to decrease total cholesterol level in breast muscle and serum but tended to increase the level of HDL in serum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 100 ppm Cu in chelates increased weight gain, feed intake and DM availability. Met-Cu was more effective than Chitosan-Cu or Yeast-Cu in improving productivity of broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권8호
• /
• pp.1174-1178
• /
• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of copper chelates in the form of methionine, chitosan and yeast on the performance of laying hens. Four hundred ISA Brown layers, 84 wks old, were assigned to 4 treatments: control, 100 ppm Cu in methionine chelate (Met-Cu), 100 ppm Cu as chitosan chelate (Chitosan-Cu) and 100 ppm Cu as yeast chelate (Yeast-Cu). Each treatment had five replicates of 20 hens. Hen-day and hen-housed egg production and egg weight were significantly (p<0.05) increased by Met-Cu supplementation. The increase by Chitosan-Cu and Yeast-Cu supplementation was not significant. Contrast of the control vs. Cu chelates showed egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) increased by Cu chelate supplementation. Soft-shell egg production was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by supplementation of Cu chelates. Met-Cu treatment showed the lowest incidence of soft egg production. Gizzard erosion index was increased by Cu chelate supplementation. Crude fat in liver, total cholesterol in yolk and Cu content in liver and yolk were not significantly influenced by Cu chelate supplementation. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 100 ppm Cu as Met-Cu significantly increased egg production and egg weight. Cu-Met chelate was also effective in reducing soft-shell egg production but increased gizzard erosion index.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2003

본 시험은 이유자돈사료에 Cu-chelates를 첨사시 자돈의 생산성과 혈액지질 및 IgG 수준에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 4주령 된 이유자돈 48마리(암 수 각 24마리)를 4처리 4반복으로 반복 당 3마리씩 암수 구별하여 실시하였다. 본 시험에서 사용된 대조구 사료에는 137ppm의 구리가 함유되어 있으며 각 처리구는 대조구사료에 methionine-Cu chelate, chitosan-Cu chelate와 yeast-Cu chelate를 Cu 100ppm 수준에서 각각 첨가하였다. 5주간의 사양기간 동안 증체량은 개체 단위로, 사료섭취량은 pen 단위로 매주 측정을 하였다. 일당 증체량, 사료 섭취량, 사료효율 그리고, 영양소 이용률은 모두 처리간에 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 내 triglyceride 함량은 chito- san-Cu 처리가 methionine-Cu나 yeast-Cu 처리보다 유의하게 낮았으나 대조구와는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 내 cholesterol 함량은 yeast-Cu 처리가 대조구와 methionine-Cu 처리보다 유의하게 낮았지만 chitosan-Cu 처리와는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈청 IgG의 함량은 대조구 보다 모든 Cu-chelate 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로 Cu 137ppm의 대조구 사료에 Cu 100ppm 수준에서 첨가한 Cu-chelates는 이유자돈의 증체량, 사료섭취량과 사료효율에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 혈청 내 지질의 조성과 IgG 함량에는 유의한 영향을 미쳤다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.129-133
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was performed for selecting yeast mutants with a high tolerance for targeted metals, and determining whether yeasts strains tolerant to multiple heavy metals could be induced by sequential adaptations. METHODS AND RESULTS: A mutant yeast strain tolerant to the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) was selected by sequential elevated exposures to each metal with intermittent mutant isolation steps. A Cd-tolerant mutant was isolated by growing yeast cells in media containing $CdCl_2$ concentrations that were gradually increased to 1 mM. Then the Cd-tolerant mutant was gradually exposed to increasing levels of $CuCl_2$ in growth media until a concentration of 7 mM was reached, thus generating a strain tolerant to both Cd and Cu. In the subsequent steps, this mutant was exposed to $NiCl_2$ (up to 8 mM), and a resultant isolate was further exposed to $ZnCl_2$ (up to 60 mM), allowing the derivation of a yeast mutant that was simultaneously tolerant to Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn. CONCLUSION: This method of inducing tolerance to multiple targeted heavy metals in yeast will be useful in the bioremediation of heavy metals.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 1957

Resume 1. The toxic effect of $CuSO_4$ on the growth of yeast began in the 0.2mM and colony formation was completely inhibited in the 3mM $CuSO_4$ media. 2. The yeast strain which was trained sucessively from lower concentration media to higher one, could grow even in 10mM $CuSO_4$ media. 3. Rlb strain produced brown pigment in copper media. 4. Resistance of Rlb strain to $CuSO_4$ did not revert in non copper media. 5. The appearance of resistant strain was regarded as the result of "Mutation and Selection". 6. The alcohol fermentation ability of Rlb strain was lower than that of parent strain. 7. Rlb strain yielded some effective substance which induced the parent strain to resist against $CuSO_4$. 8. The dehydrogenase activity of yeast was inhibited by $CuSO_4$.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.475-481
• /
• 1995

금속결합 단백질인 metallothionein (MT) 유전자 의 발현이 효모의 중금속 내성과 제거 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다 MT유전자로 형질전환된 재조합 효모는 숙주세포에 비해서 $Cu^{2+}$내성이 3배 이상 증가하였으나, $Cr^{2+}, Pb^{2+}, Znr^{2+}$에 대한 내성은 숙주세포와 별차이가 없었다. 재조합효모는 8mM $CuSP_4$를 함유하며 포도당을 탄소원으로 한 배지에서 18.9mg $Cu^{2+}$/g dry cell로 $Cu^{2+}$를 제거하였다. $Cu^{2+} 와 Zn^{2+}$의 훈합배지에서 $Cu^{2+}$가 존재함으로써 $Zn^{2+}$이 효모에 미치는 독성을 완하시켜 효모의 생육 속도와 최종균체농도를 증가시켰다. 재조합효모의 $Cu^{2+}$ 제거량은 배지중 $Cu^{2+}$농도에 비례하였다. $Cu^{2+}$ 농도가 2배, 3배 증가할 때 균체 g당 $Cu^{2+}$제거량은 각각 2.3배, 3.1배 증가하였다. 그러나 $Cu^{2+}$제거효 율은 $Cu^{2+}$농도와 무관하게 거의 얼정한 값인 57% 를 보였다. $Zn^{2+}$제거량은 $Zn^{2+}$농도에 비례하나 증가율은 $Cu^{2+}$간에 비하여 매우 낮았다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 1998

The entanol productivity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient mutants of Saccharo-Myces cerevisiae was examined under the oxidative stress by Paraquat. It was observed that MnSOD-deficient mutant of S. cerevisiae had higher ethanol productivity than wild type or CuZnSOD-deficient yeast both in aerobic and in anaerobic culture condition. Pyruvated dehydrogenase activity decreased by 35% and alcohol dehydrogenase activity increased by 32% were observed in MnSOD-deficient yeast grown aerobically. When generating oxygen radicals by Paraquat, the ehanol productivity was increased by 40% in CuZnSOD-deficient or wild strain, resulting from increased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and decreased a activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. However, the addition of ascorbic acid with Paraquat returned the enzyme activities at the level of control. These results imply that SOD-deficiency in yeast strains may cause the metabolic flux to shift into anaerobic ethanol fermentation in order to avoid their oxidative damages by Paraquat.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2018

Studies on the interactions of amyloidogenic proteins with trace metals, such as copper, have indicated that the metal ions perform a critical function in the early oligomerization process. Herein, we investigate the effects of Cu(II) ions on the active sequence regions of amyloidogenic proteins using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and collision induced dissociation tandem MS (CID-MS/MS). We chose three amyloidogenic peptides NNQQNY, LYQLEN, and VQIVYK from yeast prion like protein Sup35, insulin chain A, and tau protein, respectively. [Cu-peptide] complexes for all three peptides were observed in the mass spectra. The mass spectra also show that increasing Cu(II) concentrations decrease the population of existing peptide oligomers. The tandem mass spectrum of NNQQNY shows preferential binding for the N-terminal region. All three peptides are likely to appear to be in a Cu-monomer-monomer (Cu-M-M) structure instead of a monomer-Cu-monomer (M-Cu-M) structure.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.385-390
• /
• 2010

청국장의 기호도를 개선하는 발효균으로 분리된 protease 생산균은 Bacillus licheniformis로 확인되었다. Protease 생산을 위한 배지를 최적화하기 위한 탄소원, 질소원, 인, 금속이온의 성분을 변화시키면서 균의 성장과 효소 생산성을 비교하였다. Glucose를 탄소원으로 사용하였을 때는 균의 성장은 정상적으로 일어나지만, protease 생산이 심하게 억제되는 것으로 나타났으며, Potato starch를 탄소원으로 사용하였을 때 효소 생산성이 가장 높았다. 질소원으로는 yeast extact가 효소 생산에 가장 적합하였다. 한편 2가 금속이온중 $Zn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$을 배지에 첨가하였을 때는 균의 성장이 심하게 저해되었으며, 효소 생산도 되지 않았다. $CaCl_2$를 첨가한 배지에서는 균이 성장과 효소 생산성이 증가되었다. Potato starch(1.5%), yeast extract(1.5%), $CaCl_2$(0.7%), $K_2HPO_4$(0.03%)와 $KH_2PO_4$(0.03%)를 포함하는 것으로 구성된 최적화 배지에서 최대효소 생산성은 800 U/mL로 나타났으며 28시간 이후에는 배양액내 효소활성이 서서히 감소하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.268-272
• /
• 2008

참돌꽃 캘러스로부터 elicitor와 전구체가 salidroside 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Elicitor로서 효모추출물, 연자성 세라믹, methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, ascorbic acid, 및 중금속 ($CuCl_2$/$CdCl_2$)을 캘러스 배양에 처리하였다. 효모추출물 $0.2g/\ell$농도로 처리한 결과 처리하지 않은 대조구에 보다 3.45배 증가시켰다. 사용된 elicitor 중 효모추출물이 가장 높은 salidroside 생산을 보여 가장 적합한 elicitor로 사료된다. 전구체로서 L-phenylalanine과 L-tyrosine을 배지에 첨가하여 4일 간 배양 처리하였다. Salidroside 함량분석 결과 캘러스로부터 전구체들은 유용물질 생합성에 영향을 주지는 않았다. 캘러스 배양에 첨가 처리된 L-tyrosine의 모든 농도의 경우에는 캘러스 생장뿐만 아니라 salidroside 생산을 감소시켰다.