• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.495-503
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• 1993

To investigate the characteristics of growth and oil production of peppermint cells during a batch culture, cells derived from peppermint callus was cultivated in an air bubble reactor. During the batch culture, effects of inoculum size, abiotic stress, yeast elicitor, and two stage culture on the cell growth, the productivity of oleolesin, and the formation of flavor components were determined and also the sugar concentrations and kinetics of cell growth were analyzed. Among the various sizes of inoculum, the culture with 2.0% packed cell volume inoculum showed the optimum condition for cell growth in the proposed bioreactor, and the cell yield and essential oil production reached to 5.7g/1 and 0.109g/1, respectively. When the abiotic stress of daily 8hr dark and $10^{\circ}C$ cold treatments were given to the culture cell growth decreased but essential oil production increased to 0.546g/l. In a modified Lin-Staba medium in which 100mg/l yeast extract as an elicitor was added to the culture, the cell growth and oil production increased, and menthol content was 22.5% of oil. In the two stage culture, in which the basic culture conditions of 27$^{\circ}C$, light, and without elicitor were employed during the first six days followed by the second stage with daily 8hr treatment of cold and dark condition, and also with yeast extract as an elicitor, cell growth decreased after eight days, essential oil production was not increased, and menthol was not detected. Dry cell yield was 0.38g dry cell/g sugar and specific growth rate was 0.25 day-1. The major terpenoid in the oil was not the menthol but pulegone and piperitone, precursors of menthol were accumulated. However, when yeast elicitor was added, menthol was produced to the level of 22.5% which was the highest value in the peppermint cell culture reported so far.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

The possibility of using waste brine and cabbage waste from kimchi industry as raw materials for the production of yeast cell mass was investigated. Among four strains of osmotolerant yeast, Candida guilliermondii ATCC 6260 showed the best growth in the waste brine containing about 1.0g/L of reducing sugar and 7% to 12% of NaCl. The growth of C. guilliermondii in waste brine was affected slightly between the temperature range of $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$ and the initial pH of 3 to 6. The NaCl concentration up to 9% was not inhibitory to the growth of C. guilliermondii and the addition of 10mM of ammonium salts or 5mM of potassium phosphate had no effect on the growth. The growth of yeast reduced BOD of the waste brine by 85% within 24hours. When C. guilliermondii was cultured in waste brine added with cabbage juice extracted from waste cabbage, the cell mass was increased significantly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.260-265
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• 2007

Preservation methods on the physiological and brewing technical characters in bottom and top brewing yeast strains were investigated. The preserved yeasts were reactivated after 24 months storage and grown up to stationary phase. The samples of filter paper storage indicated a higher cell growth and viability during propagation than those of nitrogen and lyophilization storage independent on propagation temperature. In addition, the filter paper storage demonstrated a faster absorption of free amino nitrogen and a highest level of higher aliphatic alcohols production during propagation than other preservation methods, which can be attributed to intensive cell growth during propagation. Moreover, the filter paper storage showed a faster accumulation for glycogen and trehalose during propagation, whereas, in particular, lyophilization storage noted a longer adaptation time regarding synthesis of glycogen and trehalose with delayed cell growth. In beer analysis, the filter paper storage formed an increased higher aliphatic alcohols than control. In conclusion, the preservation of filter paper affected positively on yeast growth, viability and beer quality independent on propagation temperature. In addition, in this study, it was obtained that the HICF and Helm-test can be involved as rapid methods for determination of flocculation capacity.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.191-193
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• 2000

A whole-cell biocatalyst was constructed by immobilizing an enzyme on the surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene encoding Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase) was fused with the AGA2 gene encoding a small peptide disulfide-linked to the aga1, a cell wall protein of a-agglutinin. The plasmid was introduced S. cerevisiae and expressed in the medium consisting of 10g/L yeast extract, 20g/L peptone, and 20g/L galactose. The activity was detected with the formation of cyclodextrin(CD) from 10g/L soluble starch. Surface display of CGTase was also verified with the halo-test, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The recombinant S. cerevisiae produced ${\alpha}-cyclodextrin$ more efficiently than the free CGTase by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization as yeast consumes glucose and maltose which are inhibitors for CD synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 1992

The possibility of using Chinese cabbage juice as a substrate for the production of Candida utilis cell mass was explored. Dry cell weight production and cell yield coefficient were 1.35-1.45 g/100 ml undiluted juice and 47-50%, respectively, when C. utilis was grown by shake flask culture at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr on more than three-fold diluted Chinese cabbage juice to make the final sugar content be equal to or less than 1.0%. Supplementation of glucose(2%), $KH_2PO_4(0.2%)$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4(0.2%)$ to three-fold diluted Chinese cabbage juice did not enhance the dry cell weight yield or the protein content of the yeast cell, while supplementation of yeast extract(0.2%) and peptone(0.2%) increased dry cell weight production and protein content but not as much as the amount of each nutrient added. It was found that Chinese cabbage juice was an excellent substrate for the cultivation of C. utilis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.438-442
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• 2006

The formation of astaxanthin by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous mutant JH1 depends on the culture conditions. Therefore, the effects of inoculation rate (1-5%, v/v) and medium compositions (various carbon and nitrogen sources) on cell growth and astaxanthin formation in X. dendrorhous mutant JH1 were investigated. Inoculation at 3% (v/v) was optimal for cell growth and astaxanthin formation. The most effective carbon source for cell growth and astaxanthin formation was glucose, and the best nitrogen source was yeast extract. The 3% (w/v) glucose and 0.2% (w/v) yeast extract showed the best effect on cell growth and astaxanthin formation, compared with others tested. The 3% glucose, 0.2% yeast extract, $0.15%\;KH_{2}PO_{4}$, $0.05%\;MgSO_4$, $0.01%\;MnSO_4$, and $0.01%\;CaCl_2$ were selected for cell growth and astaxanthin formation. Under the conditions selected, the maximum concentrations of cell and astaxanthin obtained after 168 h of cultivation were 5.43 g/l and 28.20 mg/l, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.508-514
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• 2001

A stuructural gene (ycl) encoding novel yeast cell wall hydrolase, YCL, was cloned from alkalophilic Bacillus alcalophilus subsp. YB380 by PCR, and transformed into E. coli JM83. Based on the N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the enzyme, primers were designed for PCr. The positive clone that harbors 1.8 kb of the yeast cell wall hydrolase gene was selected by the colony hybridization method with a PCR fragment as a probe. According to the computer analysis, this gene contained a 400-base-paired N-terminal domain of the enzyme. Based on nucletide homology of the cloned gene, a 850 bp fragment was amplified and the C-terminal domain of the enzyme was sequenced. With a combination of the two sequences, a full nucleotide sequence for YCL was obtained. This gene, ycl, consisted of 1,297 nucleotides with 27 nucleotides with 27 amino acids of signal sequence, 83 redundant amino acids of prosequence, and 265 amino acids of the mature protein. This gene was then cloned into the pJH27 shuttle vector and transformed into the Bacillus subtilis DB104 to express the enzyme. It was confirmed that the expressed cell wall hydrolase that was produced by Bacillus subtilis DB104 was the same as that of the donor strain, by Western blot using polyclonal antibody (IgY) prepared from White Leghorn hen. Purified yeast cell wall hydrolase and expressed recombinant protein showed a single band at the same position in the Western blot analysis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.891-896
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• 2007

We screened the Arabidopsis cDNA library to identify functional suppressors of AtBI-1, a gene that suppresses cell death induced by Bax gene expression in yeast. Cdf 3 encodes a 118-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. This protein has two uncharacterized domains at amino acids residues 5-64 and 74-117. In the present study, CDF3 was found to induce growth defects in yeast and arrested yeast growth, although the cell-growth defect was somewhat less than that of Bax. Its localization in the inner mitochondria was essential for suppression of yeast-cell proliferation. The morphological abnormality of the intracellular network, which is a hallmark of AtBI-1, was attenuated by Cdf3 expression.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.851-856
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• 2014

ATAD2, a remarkably conserved, yet poorly characterized factor is found upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in a variety of independent cancers in human. Studies conducted on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATAD2 homologue, Yta7, are now indicating that the members of this family may primarily be regulators of chromatin dynamics and that their action on gene expression could only be one facet of their general activity. In this review, we present an overview of the literature on Yta7 and discuss the possibility of translating these findings into other organisms to further define the involvement of ATAD2 and other members of its family in regulating chromatin structure and function both in normal and pathological situations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.600-606
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• 2012

Studies into the cell death program termed apoptosis have resulted in new information regarding how cells control and execute their own demise, including insights into the mechanism by which death-preventing factors can inhibit Bax-induced caspase activation. We investigated high temperature stress-induced cell death in Brassica rapa. Using a yeast functional screening from a Brassica rapa cDNA library, the BH5-127 EST clone encoding an apoptotic suppressor peptide was identified. However, a phylogenic tree showed that BH5-127 clusters within a clade containing SUMO-1 (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier-1). BH5-127 was confirmed similar to have function to SUMO-1 as Fas suppression. Expression of BH5-127 showed that substantial suppression of cell death survived on SD-galactose-$Leu^-$-$Ura^-$ medium. The results suggest that BrSE ($\underline{B}$rassica rapa $\underline{S}$entrin $\underline{E}$ST, BH5-127) is one of the important regulatory proteins in programming cell death, especially in the seedling stage of Chinese cabbage.