• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.673-677
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• 2006

A perfusion culture of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cell suspensions, transformed to express recombinant glucuronidase (GUS), was successfully performed in a 5-1 stirred tank bioreactor. With 0.1 $day^{-1}$ of perfusion rate, the maximum dry cell weight (DCW) reached to 29.5 g/l in 16 days, which was 2.1-fold higher than the obtained in batch culture (14.3 g/l). In terms of the production of GUS, the volumetric activity could be increased up to 12.8 U/ml by using perfusion, compared with 4.9 U/ml in batch culture. The specific GUS activities in both perfusion and batch cultures were maintained at similar levels, 200-400 U/g DCW. Consequently, a perfusion culture could be a good strategy for the enhanced production of recombinant proteins in a plant cell culture system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.299-303
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• 2009

In this study, we use promoter analysis to show that interaction between Jab1 and p53 induces suppression of p53 activation in U2OS and H1299 cells. Interaction between p53 and Jab1 was further confirmed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent analyses. In particular, Jab1 was able to induce nuclear export of p53 as previously reported. When Jab1 was overexpressed in U2OS cells followed by etoposide or hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), cell death induced by such stresses was protected against. On the contrary, when the level of Jab1 was suppressed in U2OS cells, cytotoxicity imposed by etoposide and $H_2O_2$ was dramatically increased, suggesting a cell protective role for Jab1. These results indicate that Jab1 is a negative regulator of p53 and a plausible oncogene.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2017

Three most popular information services, Periscope, Ustream, and YouNow, vicarious for all Social Live-Streaming Services (SLSSs), are investigated to analyze their streamers' motivations and the user-generated content. Additionally, we collected demographic data (gender and age). More than 7,500 streams by users from the U.S., Germany, and Japan were observed. Main streamer motivations on SLSSs are boredom, socializing, the need to reach a specific group, the need to communicate, and fun. Important content categories on all three SLSSs are chatting, sharing information, 24/7, and 'slice of life.' We were able to identify differences between users from the U.S., Germany, and Japan as well as between the users of Periscope, Ustream, and YouNow. The main motive to stream in the U.S. is to reach a specific group, while in Japan it is socializing, and in Germany boredom. The top content category for both, YouNow as well as Periscope, is to chat; on Ustream it is 24/7 (i.e., webcams).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.532-539
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of substrate to inoculum ratio on ultimate methane potential ($B_u$) from piggery wastes. BMP(Biochemical methane potential) assays were executed for the three samples that have different organic characteristics (Filtrate of pig slurry, LF; Thermal hydrolysate of piggery sludge cake, TH; Mixture of LF and TH at the ratio of 4 to 1, Mix), and $B_u$ values obtained from BMP assays were compared with the theoretical methane potential ($B_{th}$) of each samples. While $B_u$ values (0.27, 0.44, and $0.46Nm^3\;Kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$) of TH sample that was pretreated with thermal hydrolysis were below the $B_{th}$ at all S/I ratios (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5), and $B_u$ values of LF (0.64 and $0.53Nm^3\;Kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$ for the S/I ratios of 0.1 and 0.3, respectively) at the lower S/I ratios of 0.1 and 0.3 exceeded the $B_{th}$ values ($0.418Nm^3\;Kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$). And also biodegradability ($B_u/B_{th}$) of LF sample were obtained as 152.07%, 122.67%, and 95.71% at the S/I ratios of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively, and unreasonable $B_u/B_{th}$ values were presented at lower S/I ratios of 0.1 and 0.3. $B_u$ and $B_u/B_{th}$ of Mix sample showed a similar tendency with those of LF sample. Therefore, TH sample by thermal hydrolysis pretreatment showed lower anaerobic biodegradability than those of other samples (LF and Mix) and ultimate methane potentials of LF and Mix samples were overestimated in the lower S/I ratio of 0.1 and 0.3.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

The Education has responsibility for predicting the social changes and cultivating global talent which the society needs. The ministry of education, science and technology in govern ment has been the concerns on social educational changes and thus built the '5 31 educational reform policy' in 1995 by the educational reform committee. As a solution of a social change, this paper reviews the three-phase educational information policies, and e-learning and u-learning which are the main technologies in educational information. Also, the technologies of e-learning can be divided into m-learning, t-learning, u-learning, r-learning, game-based learning according to the contents mass media. Among them, this paper introduces the concept of robot-learning, called r-learning, and compares it with u-learning.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.61-64
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• 1999

기존의 CELP 보코더에서, 무성음에 대한 별도의 처리 없이 유성음과 동일하게 처리하였다. 유성음과 무성음은 발성모델측면에서 임펄스열과 랜덤 잡음으로 각각 다름에 도 불구하고 동일하게 처리함으로써 합성음에서 음질의 저하 및 계산량과 전송률 측면에서 손실을 가져왔다. 또, U/V(Unvoiced /voiced) 분류기를 사용하는 경우에는 U/V 분류기의 성능에 따라 합성음의 음질저하의 정도의 차이가 심하다. 본 논문에서는 에러율과 전처리 계산량을 쳐소로 할 수 있는 U/V 분류기를 사용하여 CELP 보코더에서 전송률을 감소시키는 방법을 제안한다. CELP 보코더에서는 스펙트럼 정보를 LPC 파라미터로 추출한 후 다시 전송형 파라미터인 LSP(Line Spectrum Frequency)로 변환한다 새로운 린/V 분류기는 이 LSP 파라미터를 이용한다. LSP 파라미터의 주파수영역 분포도와 간격정보를 이용하여 U/V를 결정하게 된다 제안한 방법을 5.3kbps ACELP에 적용하여 성능 평가를 실시하였다 실험결과 음질의 저하 없이 $5.6\%$ (280bps)의 전송률을 감소할 수 있었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2004

Although numerous studies have shown that cadmium disturbs the normal biological processes in central nervous system, the mechanism of toxicity is not well understood. The present study has investigated the effect of cadmium on oxidative stress, Na$^{+}$K$^{+}$ ATPase activity and the aggregation of amyloid beta peptide ($\beta$-amyloid) in neuronal cell line, HT22 cell. LC$_{5}$ and LC$_{50}$ of cadmium for HT22 cell resulted from MTT assay was 4.1 uM and 9.5 uM, respectively. Cadmium (2 to 8 uM) dose-dependently increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the content of glutathione. Cadmium 4 uM showed a significant decrease in Na$^{+}$/K $^{+}$ ATPase activity as compared with control group. The aggregation of $\beta$-amyloid was accelerated in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with 2 to 8 uM cadmium. These results suggest that the neurotoxicity of cadmium can be mediated by the increase in oxidative stress and decrease in Na$^{+}$/K$^{+}$ ATPase activity.se activity.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2014

This study used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the micro-morphological features of two formaldehyde to urea (F/U) mole ratio liquid urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins with three hardener levels as a function of the curing time. The micro-morphological features of the liquid UF resins were characterized after different curing times. As a result, the TEM examination revealed the presence of globular/nodular structures in both liquid UF resins, while spherical particles were only visible in the low F/U mole ratio resins. The high F/U mole ratio liquid UF resins also showed extensive particle coalescence after adding the hardener, along with the appearance of complex filamentous networks. When the resins were cured with a higher amount of hardener and longer curing time, the spherical particles disappeared. For the low mole UF resins, the particles tended to coalesce with a higher amount of hardener and longer curing time, although discrete spherical particles were still observed in some regions. This is the first report on the distinct features of the crystal structures in low F/U mole ratio UF resins cured with 5% hardener and after 0.5 h of curing time. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the crystal structures of low F/U mole ratio UF resins are formed during the curing process.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.665-677
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• 2017

This study aimed to examine the evolution of exercise performance and medical assessments in U-12 youth football players. Participants were recruited from an youth football players (YFG, n=15; $11.2{\pm}0.9yrs$) and normal youth (CON, n=15; $11.5{\pm}0.6yrs$). Both groups were tested for exercise performance (health related physical fitness, skill related physical fitness, functional movement screen; FMS and Y-balance) and medical assessments (lower extremity alignment, range of motion; ROM and manual muscle test; MMT). YFG showed a positive effects on pacer in health related physical fitness, 50-m run and Single-leg standing with eyes closed in skill related physical fitness, active straight leg raise and rotary stability in FMS, non-dominant composite score in Y-balance, respectively compared to CON. However, YFG showed a negative effects on Q-angle of dominant and non-dominant in lower extremity alignment, dorsiflexion of non-dominant, plantarflexion of dominant and non-dominan in ROM, hip extension and abduction, knee flexion and extension of dominant, knee flexion and extension of non-dominant in MMT, respectively compared to CON. These results indicated that U-12 youth football players have shown excellent exercise performance, but medical assessments has proved negative effects.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.5_6
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• pp.915-923
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• 2022

The purpose of the present paper is to obtain commutativity of prime Γ-near-ring N with generalized derivations F and G with associated derivations d and h respectively satisfying one of the following conditions:(i) G([x, y]α = ±f(y)α(xoy)βγg(y), (ii) F(x)βG(y) = G(y)βF(x), for all x, y ∈ N, β ∈ Γ (iii) F(u)βG(v) = G(v)βF(u), for all u ∈ U, v ∈ V, β ∈ Γ,(iv) if 0 ≠ F(a) ∈ Z(N) for some a ∈ V such that F(x)αG(y) = G(y)αF(x) for all x ∈ V and y ∈ U, α ∈ Γ.