• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to clarify the chromosome numbers and karyotype of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. and A. macrocephala Koidz.. The somatic chromosome numbers of two species were same; basic chromosome number x=12, and somatic chromosome numbers 2n=24. The present result of A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. was same to previously reports and that of A. macrocephala Koidz. was reported first in this study. Size and shape of chromosome were some different from A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. and A. macrocephala Koidz.. The karyotype of A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. was described as follows; 2n : 24 : 8L + 14M +2S : 2 $A^{sm}$ +2 $B^{m}$ +2 $C^{m}$ +2 $D^{st}$ + 2 $E^{m}$ +2 $F^{m}$ +2 $G^{m}$ +2 $H^{sm}$ + 2 $I^{m}$ + 2 $J^{m}$ + 2 $K^{m}$ + 2 $L^{m}$ . And the karyotype of A. macrocephata Koidz. was described as follows; 2n : 24 : 10L +12M +25 : 2 $A^{m}$ +2 $B^{sm}$ +2 $C^{sm}$ +2 $D^{sm}$ +2 $E^{sm}$ +2 $E^{sm}$ +2 $G^{sm}$ +2 $H^{m}$ +2 $I^{m}$ 2 $J^{m}$ +2 $K^{m}$ +2 $L^{m}$ . .

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1995

We analyzed sytrene concentrations in air and in blood, mandelic acid in urine, and chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of twenty one styrene-exposed workers in two reinforced plastic factories. In addition, in vitro testing for chromosome aberration was carried out. The dose-dependent clastogenicity of styrene was confirmed in the cultured Chinese hamster lung cell(CHL) with metabolic activation. The environmental styrene concentrations and urinary mandelic acid levels of analyzed subjects were different in two plants examined, but the exposure levels in most workers examined were lower than the permissible exposure levels. Chromosome aberrations of the styrene exposed workers showed no increase in the percentage of aberrant cells as compared with the control group. No correlation was found between the exposure levels and the frequencies of chromosome aberrations in workers.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 1990

The karyotypes of Korean Sciunis vulgaris coreas and Tamias sibiricus asiaticus were analyzed by conventional Giemsa staining and C-banding method. The diploid chromosome number (2n) of Sciunis vulgaris coreae 40 consisting of 6 metacentric, 8 submetacentric, 3 subtelocentric and 2 telocentric autosome pairs, submetacentric X and acrocentric or subtelocentric Y chromosome. The arm number (NF) of this species was obtained as 72, excluding the gonosomal arms. Tamias sibiricus asiaticus has a 2n of 38. The karyotype was represented by 3 metacentric, 4 submetacentric, 5 subtelocentric and 6 telocentric autosome paits and 2 sex chromosome. The X chromosome was submetacentric chromosome and the Y was the smallest chromosome with a median. The NF was 60. In S. vulgaris coreae constitutive heterochromatins were observed at the centromeres and telomeres. Constitutive heterochnomatins of T sibiricus asiaticus were primarily observed at the centromeres. These results suggested that non-Robensonian reanagenents and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin played an imporiant role in karyological differentiation of these species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1979

The chromosome behavior and it's synapsis in the meiosis of pollen mother cell were studied on Populus alba L. as a female parent tree, Populus glandulosa Uyeki as a male parent tree and their hybrid, Populus alba x glandulosa. 1. At metaphase I, the number of nuclear plates with early separation chromosome were observed with the lowest proportion of 11.0% in Populus glandulosa and with the highest proportion of 13.0% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa. 2. At metaphase II, early separation chromosomes appeared with the frequency of 11.0% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa. But the frequency was not different with those of the parental trees. 3. At anaphase I, lagging chromosomes appeared with some high rate of 11.6% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa and yet the number of chromosome bridges in populus alba x glandulosa almost were not different with the partental trees. 4. At anaphase II, lagging chromosomes appeared with some high frequency of 10.2% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa and the chromosome bridges in Populus glandulosa appeared with the highest frequency in all studied trees. 5. The frequency of abnormal pollen sporad was the highest value of 8.2% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa among the studied trees. With the results, it might be assured that the chromosome segregation and it's synapsis behaved normally in Populus alba, Populus glandulosa and Populus alba x glandulosa, and so all the studied trees could produced normal pollens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

The rate of fetus with abnormal chromosomes increase with maternal age. Nondisjunction of aging oocyte chromosome is a major reason for the increased rate of abnormalities. Telomeres are the ends of eukaryotic chromosome, which are essential for chromosome stability and are related in cell senescence. This study was carried out to analyze the chromosome aberration rate and amount of telomeric DNA in chick embryo along with maternal age. Fertilized eggs and blood were sampled from White Leghorn layers starting at 20 weeks through to 70 weeks age at 10 weeks interval. Chromosome aberration rate was analyzed by karyotyping. The amounts of telomeric DNA in embryonic cells and lymphocytes were quantified by Quantitative Fluorescence in situ Hybridization method. The chromosome aberration rate in chick embryos significantly differed with maternal age. The chromosome aberration rate increased at early laying period and beyond 70 weeks of maternal age. Therefore, chromosome aberration rate was affected by maternal age due to ovulated oocytes state. However, the amount of telomeric DNA on embryonic cells did not differ significantly with maternal age. Thus, maternal age does not affects telomere quantity in their embryos due to cellular reprograming at early embryonic stage after fertilization.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific probe has been shown to be a valid and rapid method for detection of chromosome rearrangements induced by radiation. This method is useful for quantifying structural aberrations, expecially for stable ones, such as translocation and insertion, which are difficult to detect with conventional method in human lymphocyte. In order to apply FISH method for high dose biological dosimetry, chromosomal abberations by radiation at doses of 1, 3, 5, and 7Gy were analysed with whole chromosome-specific probes by human chromosome 1, 2 and 4 according to PAINT system. The frequencies of stable translocation per cell equivalent were 0.04, 0.33, 1.22, 2.62, and 5.58 for the lymphocyte exposed to 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7Gy, respectively, and those of dicentric were 0.00, 0.06, 0.52, 1.19 and 2.44, respectively. Significantly more translocation of t(Ab), a translocated chromosome with a piece of painted acentric matrial 'b' attached to unpainted piece containing centromere 'A', than reciprocal chromosome t(Ba) was observed. The frequencies of all type of chromosome rearrangements increased with dose. From above result, FISH seemed to be useful for radiation biodosimetry by which the frequencies of various types of stable aberrations in human lymphocyte can be observed more easily than by conventional method and so will improve our ability to perform meaningful biodosimetry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 1995

To determine the structure of chromosome and to identify the sex chromosome of Ginkgo biloba and G. biloba var. fastigiata, the samples were obtained from root tips of trees growing in seven different provinences. The results are as follows. The basic number of somatic chromosomes was 2n=24. The range of a relative length of long chromosome was between $14.88{\sim}11.18{\mu}m$ and that of short chromosome was $8.11{\sim}6.24{\mu}m$. The chromosome sets were composed with one long pairs of m type and 11 short pairs of sm or st type. These short pairs showed the continuous descending in length. There was a satellite on the short arm of the Longest chromosome pair, and were satellites of the one or both long arm of 7th or 8th chromosome pair which were sm or st type, or the shortest st type chromosome pair. Sometimes, a satellite on the short arm of the longest chromosome pairs of Ginkgo biloba was double satellite, but that of G. biloba var. fastigiata was not. Karyotype was $2n=24=2^{2s}A^m+2B^{st\;or\;sm}+2C^{st}+2D^{st}+2E^{st}+2F^{st\;or\;sm}+2G^{sm}+2^{2s}H^{sm}\;or\;(^{1s}H^{sm}+H^{sm})+2I^{st}+2J^{st}+2K^{st}+2^{2s}L^{st}\;or\;(^{1s}L^{st}+L^{st})$. The male and female trees were not apparently distinguished by the chromsome structures. However the differences between the satellites could be used to identify the male and females. The male tree has double satellite on short arm of a longest chromosome pairs and females' has not. Also female trees have a satellite on a short chromosome more frequently than male trees.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2013

This study was carried out to determine the karyotype and chromosomal localizations of 45S and 5S rDNAs using FISH in Astragalus koraiensis. The somatic metaphase chromosome number of this species was 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number of x = 8. The karyotype of A. koraiensis was consisted of six pairs of median region chromosomes(chromosome 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and two pairs of submedian chromosomes(chromosome 2, 7). Based on the FISH, one pair of 45S rDNA site was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 5. Whereas, two pair of 5S sites were detected on the short arm of chromosome 4 and centromeric region of chromosome 7, respectively. These are quite different patterns from A. membranaceus, A. membranaceus var. alpinus, and A. mongholicus. Although A. koraiensis is considered as Korean endemic species, therefore, it should be conducted out comparative FISH study with A. sikokianus and A. bhotanensis which are very similar to A. koraiensis morphologically.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2231-2235
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• 2015

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the entire genome provide a systematic approach for revealing novel genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer. However, genetic association studies have hitherto been primarily conducted in women of European ancestry. Therefofre we here performed a pilot GWAS with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array 5.0 platform from $Affymetrix^{(R)}$ that contains 443,813 SNPs to search for new genetic risk factors in 89 breast cancer cases and 46 healthy women of Indonesian ancestry. The case-control association of the GWAS finding set was evaluated using PLINK. The strengths of allelic and genotypic associations were assessed using logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (ORs) and P values; P values less than $1.00{\times}10^{-8}$ and $5.00{\times}10^{-5}$ were required for significant association and suggestive association, respectively. After analyzing 292,887 SNPs, we recognized 11 chromosome loci that possessed suggestive associations with breast cancer risk. Of these, however, there were only four chromosome loci with identified genes: chromosome 2p.12 with the CTNNA2 gene [Odds ratio (OR)=1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-1.33, $P=1.08{\times}10^{-7}$]; chromosome 18p11.2 with the SOGA2 gene (OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.17-1.44, $P=6.88{\times}10^{-6}$); chromosome 5q14.1 with the SSBP2 gene (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.34, $P=4.00{\times}10^{-5}$); and chromosome 9q31.1 with the TEX10 gene (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.12-1.35, $P=4.68{\times}10^{-5}$). This study identified 11 chromosome loci which exhibited suggestive associations with the risk of breast cancer among Indonesian women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2002

Nuclear transfer (NT) techniques have advanced in the last years, and cloned animals have been produced by using somatic cells in several species including pig. However, it is difficult that the nuclear transfer porcine embryos development to blastocyst stage overcoming the cell block in vitro. Abnormal segregation of chromosomes in nuclear transferred embryos on genome activation stage bring about embryo degeneration, abnormal blastocyst, delayed and low embryo development. Thus, we are evaluated that the correlations of the frequency of embryo developmental rates and chromosome aberration in NT and In viかo fertilization (IVF) derived embryo. We are used for ear-skin-fibroblast cell in NT. If only karyotyping of embryonic cells are chromosomally abnormal, they may difficultly remain undetected. Then, we evaluate the chromosome aberrations, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with porcine chromosome 1 submetacentric specific DNA probe were excuted. In normal diploid cell nucleus, two hybridization signal was detected. In contrast, abnormal cell figured one or three over signals. The developmental rates of NT and IVF embryos were 55% vs 63%, 32% vs 33% and 13% vs 17% in 2 cell, 8 cell and blastocyst, respectively. When looking at the types of chromosome aberration, the detection of aneuploidy at Day 3 on the embryo culture. The percentage of chromosome aneuploidy of NT and IVF at 4-cell stage 40.0%, 31.3%, respectively. This result indicate that chromosomal abnormalities are associated with low developmental rate in porcine NT embryo. It is also suggest that abnormal porcine embryos produced by NT associated with lower implantation rate, increase abortion rate and production of abnormal fetuses.