• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.771-774
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• 2003

인터넷의 고속화, 대용량화로 디지털 컨텐츠의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 디지털 컨텐츠는 비 손실 복제, 디지털 정보의 접근 용이성, 쉽고 빠른 배포 가능, 매우 적은 복제 비용 등의 특성으로 불법적인 복제와 배포가 널리 행해지고 있다 이에 대한 대책으로 DRM(Digital Rights Management)에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 최근 모바일 Device를 이용한 디지털 컨텐츠의 사용이 늘고 있다. 모바일 환경에서 디지털 컨텐츠를 이용하기 위해서는 모바일 환경의 여러 가지 조건을 고려해야한다. 본 논문에서는 X9.59 지불프로토콜을 이용하여 보다 안전하고 편리하며 모바일 환경에서도 적용 가능한 DRM기반 컨텐츠 유통 시스템을 설계하고 구현한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.495-520
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• 2012

A secure Electronic Payment System (EPS) is essential for the booming online shopping market. A successful EPS supports the transfer of electronic money and sensitive information with security, accuracy, and integrity between the seller and buyer over the Internet. SET, CyberCash, Paypal, and iKP are the most popular Credit Card-Based EPSs (CCBEPSs). Some CCBEPSs only use SSL to provide a secure communication channel. Hence, they only prevent "Man in the Middle" fraud but do not protect the sensitive cardholder information such as the credit card number from being passed onto the merchant, who may be unscrupulous. Other CCBEPSs use complex mechanisms such as cryptography, certificate authorities, etc. to fulfill the security schemes. However, factors such as ease of use for the cardholder and the implementation costs for each party are frequently overlooked. In this paper, we propose a Web service based new payment system, based on ANSI X9.59-2006 with extra features added on top of this standard. X9.59 is an Account Based Digital Signature (ABDS) and consumer-oriented payment system. It utilizes the existing financial network and financial messages to complete the payment process. However, there are a number of limitations in this standard. This research provides a solution to solve the limitations of X9.59 by adding a merchant authentication feature during the payment cycle without any addenda records to be added in the existing financial messages. We have conducted performance testing on the proposed system via a comparison with SET and X9.59 using simulation to analyze their levels of performance and security.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.5 s.58
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• pp.671-685
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop a new size range and size interval for early adolescent girls. For this purpose, a total of 529 girls aged between 10 and 14 were measured and data were collected from 42 anthropometric measurements and 41 photographic measurements per a person. SAS 8.1 was used in data analysis including means, standard deviations, and frequency analysis. The stature was divided at 5cm intervals as in KS into 9 sizes from the lowest 130cm to the highest 171cm. If waist circumference were divided at the same intervals, the sizes cannot reflect the body growth of adolescent girls at these ages. Thus this study set intervals between sizes irregularly based on the mean of waist circumference by the type of body shape. Based on the results, this study proposed: for Type A - 6 sizes (140A-58, 145A-54, 145A-62, 150A-58, 150A-62, 155A-62); for Type X- 9 sizes (150X-59, 155X-63, 155X-66, 160X-59, 160X-63, 160X-66, 165X-59, 165X-63, 165X-66): and for Type H - 7 sizes (145H-68, 150H-68, 150H-70, 155H-68, 155H-73, 160H-68, 160H-73). For the sizes selected for each type, reference measurements were decided - centering on items necessary for manufacturing clothes. Reference measurements suggested for lower garments 8 items including waist circumference, hip circumference, slacks length and crotch length. The suggested sizes are distributed in a wider range, so they are considered to be helpful for students to find clothes fitting their bodies.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.22-29
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• 2009

In this paper, we developed the 200-Watts SSPA(Solid State Power Amplifier) for the X-band pulse compression solid state radar. The developed X-band SSPA is consists of 3-stage CSA(Corporate Structured Amplifier) modules in pre-amplifier stage, driver-amplifier stage and main-power amplifier stage. The main-power amplifier stage of SSPA designed by balanced type using GaN HEMT with enough power and gain to generate power more than 200-Watts in X-band. The developed SSPA has performance with more than total gain 59dB and output power 200-Watts in condition of frequency range 9.2-9.6GHz, pulse period 1msec, pulse width 100usec and duty cycle 10%. The developed SSPA in this paper can apply to high quality solid state radar system with pulse compression technique.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.840-845
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• 2004

The microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of $(1-x){Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9-xTi{O}_2(x=0\sim0.9)$ ceramics were investigated. The specimens were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method with sintering temperature of 140$0^{\circ}C$∼150$0^{\circ}C$. To improve the quality factor and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency,$ Ti{O}_2(\varepsilon\Gamma=100, Q\times f_\Gamma=40,000 GHz,\ta_f= +450 ppm\diagup^{\circ}C $ was added in ${Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9$ceramics. The dielectric and structural properties were investigated. According to the XRD patterns, $(1-x){Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9-xTi{O}_2(x=0\sim0.9)$ ceramics had the ${Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9$ phase(hexagonal) and ${MgTi}_2{O}_5$phase(orthorhombic). The dielectric constant($\varepsilon_r$). quality($Qtimes{f}_r$${\tau}_f$) of the $(1-x){Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9-xTi{O}_2(x=0\sim0.9)$ ceramics were 8.12∼18.59, 18,750∼186,410 GHz and －36.02∼＋3.46 ppm/$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1987

The present study was undertaken to establish the standard body weight by height in Korean adults by using the actually measured heights and weights of a total of 5,496 insured persons who were examined medically at the Honam Medical Room of Dong Bang Life Insurance Company, Ltd. from January, 1983 to January, 1986. The results were as follows: 1. The linear regression equations to establish the standard body weight of Korean adults were as follows: In male, for $18{\sim}19$ age group, $y=7.272{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.560$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group, $y=8.187{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.031$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group, $y=8.627{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.169$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group, $y=9.561{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+20.994$ and for $50{\sim}59$ age group, $y=8.604{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.801$ In female, for $18{\sim}19$ age group, $y=8.252{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+18.920$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group, $y=7.715{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.409$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group, $y=8.808{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+21.439$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group, $y=9.691{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+21.940$ and for $50{\sim}59$ age group, $y=12.500{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+11.031$ 2. The standard age, height, and weight tables by author were presented with the aid of linear regression equations. 3. The values of standard body weight by height established by author reveal to be a little higher than those of other Korean reports through all age groups of both sexes, and reveal to be considerably similar, compared with those of the reports in Japan for fourth and sixth decade of female group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.375-388
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• 2000

This study was attempted to help in explore new direction about Clinical Classification System of the pediatric patients visiting emergency center. Data were collected from 276 patients who visited emergency center of E University Hospital during 3 months period form March 1, to May 31, 1999. The results were as follows: 1. Distribution of pediatric patients according to Clinical Classification System, class I(59.9%) topped followed by class II(23.9%), class III(14.1%), class IV(2.0%). Average score of pediatric patients according to Clinical Classification System showed class I.00, class II .02, class III .05, class IV .07. and total mean score of items lowed averaged .01. 2. With the resepect to the Clinical Classification System according to the pediatric patients visiting emergency center, there were stastically significant difference in visiting time($x^2=27.839$, P=.023), experience of admission($x^2=11.365$, p=.010), disease classification($x^2=89.998$, p=.000), state of airway patency($x^2=18.781$, p=.000), consciousness level($x^2=59.774$, p=.000), period of symptom manifestation($x^2=34.112$, p=.000), pediatric patients protector's thinking about pediatric patients state($x^2=49.998$, p=.000), treatment outcome($x^2=72.278$, p=.000), duration of stay at emergency center($x^2=103.062$, p=.000). 3. There were significant correlation between the state of pediatric patients and Clinical Classification System(r=.530, p=.000).

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

Keskin and Harmanci defined the family B(M,X) = ${A{\leq}M|{\exists}Y{\leq}X,{\exists}f{\in}Hom_R(M,X/Y),\;Ker\;f/A{\ll}M/A}$. And Orhan and Keskin generalized projective modules via the class B(M, X). In this note we introduce X-local summands and X-hollow modules via the class B(M, X). Let R be a right perfect ring and let M be an X-lifting module. We prove that if every co-closed submodule of any projective module P contains Rad(P), then M has an indecomposable decomposition. This result is a generalization of Kuratomi and Chang's result [9, Theorem 3.4]. Let X be an R-module. We also prove that for an X-hollow module H such that every non-zero direct summand K of H with $K{\in}B$(H, X), if $H{\oplus}H$ has the internal exchange property, then H has a local endomorphism ring.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 1985

This investigation represents a cytogenetic study of 382 women with primary amenorrhea. 235 cases (61.5%) showed normal karyotype, 46, XX and l47 cases (38.5%) showed chromosomal abnormalities. Of 144 females with cytogenetic abnormalities, 44 cases (30.0%) showed a 45, X constitution: 37 cases (25.2%) with 45, X/46, XX: 3 (2.0%) 45, X/47, XXX: 11 (7.5%) 45, X/46, XX/47, XXX: 1 (0.7%) 45, X/46, XY: 3 (2.0%) 46, $XX_{p-}$: 2 (1.4%) 46, $XX_{q-}$: 6 (4.1%) 46, X, i ($X_q$): 1 (0.7%) 45, X/46, $XX_{q+}$: 1 (0.7%) 45, X/46, XX, inv(X): 1 (0.7%) 45, X, inv (9)/47, XXX, inv(9). 36 women (24.5%) had a 46, XY constitution and 1 case (0.7%) had a 47, XXX constitution.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.41-47
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• 2020

The effect of Co interlayer on the interfacial reliability of SiN_x/Co/Cu thin film structure for advanced Cu interconnects was systematically evaluated by using a double cantilever beam test. The interfacial adhesion energy of the SiN_x/Cu thin film structure was 0.90 J/㎡. This value of the SiN_x/Co/Cu thin film structure increased to 9.59 J/㎡.Measured interfacial adhesion energy of SiN_x/Co/Cu structure was around 10 times higher than SiN_x/Cu structure due to CoSi₂ reaction layer formation at SiN_x/Co interface, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The interfacial adhesion energy of SiN_x/Co/Cu structure decreased sharply after post-annealing at 200℃ for 24 h due to Co oxidation at SiN_x/Co interface. Therefore, it is required to control the CoO and Co₃O₄ formation during the environmental storage of the SiN_x/Co/Cu thin film to achieve interfacial reliability for advanced Cu interconnections.