• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2263-2268
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• 2015

Background: Many studies have reported associations of the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) Thr241Met polymorphism with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the results remained controversial. Hence, we performed the present meta-analysis with different inheritance models. Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed and Google scholar databases for studies relating to associations between XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and risk of CRC. 16 studies with 5,193 cases and 6,645 controls were finally included into the meta-analysis. Results: We found that the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism was associated with increased CRC risk only under a dominant genetic model (CC+CT vs. TT: OR 0.575, 95%CI 0.498-1.665, p<0.001, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.00$, $I^2=83%$). There was a significant association between XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and CRC risk in Caucasian in the overall 8 studies under only in the heterozygote genetic model (CT vs. TT: OR=0.929, 95%CI =0.806-1.070, P=0.308, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.002$, $I^2=57%$). Four studies evaluated the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and CRC risk in Asians. Two genetic models of the XRCC3 polymorphism were significantly correlated with increasing risk in Asians (dominant model: CC+CT vs. TT: OR= 0.609, 95%CI=411-0.902, P=0.013, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.54$, $I^2=0.00%$; Allele model: C vs. T: OR=0.708, 95 %=CI 0.605-0.829, p=0.000, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$, $I^2=92%$). The sensitivity analysis suggested stability of this meta-analysis and no publication bias was detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that XRCC3 Thr241Met shows an increased CRC risk, particularly in Asians rather than Caucasians.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1133-1140
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• 2014

Altered DNA repair capacity can result in increased susceptibility to cancer. The base excision repair (BER) pathway effectively removes DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation and reactive oxidative species (ROS). In the current study, we analyzed the possible relation of polymorphisms in BER genes, including 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 protein (XRCC1), with breast cancer risk in Chinese Han women. This case-control study examined 194 patients with breast cancer and 245 cancer-free hospitalized control subjects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of OGG1 (Ser326Cys), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), and APE1 (Asp148Glu and -141T/G) were genotyped and analyzed for their association with breast cancer risk using multivariate logistic regression models. We found that XRCC1 Arg399Gln was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Similarly, the XRCC1 Gln allele was significantly associated with an elevated risk in postmenopausal women and women with a high BMI (${\geq}24kg/m^2$). The OGG1 Cys allele provided a significant protective effect against developing cancer in women with a low BMI (< $24kg/m^2$). When analyzing the combined effects of these alleles on the risk of breast cancer, we found that individuals with ${\geq}2$ adverse genotypes (XRCC1 399Gln, APE1 148Asp, and OGG1 326Ser) were at a 2.18-fold increased risk of breast cancer (P = 0.027). In conclusion, our data indicate that Chinese women with the 399Gln allele of XRCC1 have an increased risk of breast cancer, and the combined effects of polymorphisms of BER genes may contribute to tumorigenesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1446-1456
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• 1998

Bones are important parts in sustaining the shape of the body, but they are also metabolic organs which undergo bone remodeling by constant bone resorption and formation. Osteoporosis, the typical metabolic bone disease, is characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). Women more than men are at risk fir osteoporosis-related fractures, especially in the lumbar spine, wrist, and hip region. Risk of fracture depends on one's BMD, which open determined by the peak bone mass value achieved at skeletal maturity and followed by subsequent age-and menopause-related bone loss. Genetic and environmental factors are known to play a key role in bone metabolism and diet is considered as one of the important environmental factors. The purpose of the present study was to assess the status of BMD and bone mineral content(BMC) to clarify the relationships between dietary intakes and the risk of osteoporosis in adult women in Taegu. Subjects were 130 healthy females in between 20 and 69 years of age. BMD and BMC of the lumbar spine(venebrae L2-4) of the subjects were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average age of the subjects was 47.4${\pm}$11.7 years old, the average weight was 57.2${\pm}$8.4kg, the average age of menarche was 16.6${\pm}$1.9 years old and the average age of menopause was 48.4${\pm}$5.3 years old. The nutrient intakes of the subjects measured by the convenient method were generally lower than the level of RDA. The result of nutrient intake assessed has shown that the average energy intake was 1701${\pm}$316kca1 which is 85.1% of the RDA and the average calcium intake was 485.4${\pm}$172.3mg which is 69.3% of the RDA. The intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, niacin were greater than the RDA, whereas the remaining nutrient intakes were lower than the RDA. The average BMD of the subjects was shown to be 1.06${\pm}$1.09g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The highest BMD of 1.24${\pm}$0.14g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was noticed in the subjects of 30s compared to 20s, 40s, 50s, 60s. The BMD values were compared by the relative body weight(R3W) of the menopause subjects, and it was found that the underweight group had significant lower BMB while the rest of the groups did not have any differences in BMD. The most strongly correlated nutrient with BMD among the menopause subjects appeared to be calcium. The women whose Ca intakes were higher than 500mg showed the significantly higher BMD than those with Ca intakes lower than 500mg. This study suggests that the most effective way to prevent osteoporosis and to reduce the incidences of fractures seems to be minimizing bone loss through the adequate intake of calcium as well as avoiding underweight, especially in menopausal women. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) . 1446-1456, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among nutrient intakes, BMD, serum copper, zinc and manganese contents in Korean postmenopausal women residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. Nutrient intakes analyses and anthropometric measurements were performed for 64 postmenopausal women. Also, fasting blood samples were collected. The BMDs of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Subjects were classified into three groups: osteoporosis (T-score ${\leq}$ -2.5, n = 20), osteopenia (-2.5 < T-score ${\leq}$ -1, n = 24), and normal (T-score) -1, n = 20). The results are summarized as follows; the mean age, height and weight were 62.1 yrs, 153.8 em, and 56.1 kg, respectively, with no significant difference among three groups. On the other hand, the mean BMI $(23.7\;g/m^2)$ of normal group was significantly higher than those of other two groups. The mean energy intake was 1,395.3 kcal (77.5% of Dietary referance intakes for koreans (KDRls)). The average daily intakes of vitamin $B_2$, calcium and zinc did not reach KDRIs. The mean intakes of iron, copper, zinc and manganese were 10.9 mg, 1.6 mg, 7.8 mg and 5.1 mg respectively, with no significant difference among three groups, The mean serum levels of copper, zinc and manganese were 96.4 mg/dl, 91.5 mg/dl and 39.5 ng/dl, respectively with no significant differences among three groups. The BMD of lumbar spine showed a significantly negative correlation intakes of animal protein, fat and iron intakes after adjusting for age, Bill. However, the BMD of lumbar spine was not significantly correlated with animal iron intakes after adjusting for animal protein, and fat intakes, indicating animal food intake is a possible confounding factor. Proper intakes of vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C are required to protect osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that excessive animal food intakes may have adverse effect on bone mineral density. Further studies arc necessary to elucidate the role of serum minerals in BMD.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1987

복부 및 골반부의 방사선 조사에서 정상소장의 손상은 대장에 비해 발생빈도는 낮다고 하나 때로는 치명적일수도 있음으로 치료선량을 제한시키는 가장 큰 원인 중의 하나이다. 많은 연구 및 임상보고가 있어 왔으나 동물실험의 경우 대부분이 단일조사 혹은 소수 분할조사에 의한 실험이었으며 인체의 경우 심한 합병증으로 인한 적출물의 생경 혹은 부검소견이 대부분이어서 임상에서와 같은 방법의 체계적인 실험에 의한 보고는 드물다. 이에 저자는 총 396마리의 마우스를 사용하여 전복부에 $2{\times}3cm$의 조사야로 $200{\times}51/wk$로 조사한 후 전 조사량 및 추적기간별로 구분하여 병리조직학적인 소장의 손상정도와 그 회복 및 잔여변화를 관찰하였다. 소낭세포의 분열감소, 융모의 단축, 점막궤양 등의 급성변화는 3,000cGy 이하의 선량에서는 1-2주 이내에 회복되었으나 4,000-5,000cGy군에서 잔여변화가 상당기간 동안 관찰되었다. 소 혈관벽의 비후, 소장점막의 섬유화 및 위축, 만성궤양 등의 후기 면화는 4,000-5,000cGy 조사군의 $2{\sim}3$주 후의 표본에서 현저히 나타나기 시작하여 시간이 경과함에 따라 약간의 회복을 보여주었으나 잔여변화는 15주까지 계속 관찰되었다. 동물실험에서 얻어진 결과를 임상에 직접 적용시키기는 어렵다고 하겠으나 임상에서 흔히 사용되는 선량인 5,000cGy이하에서도 지속적인 만성합병증이 가능함을 보여, 보다나은 임상결과를 위해서는 총선량, 선량율, 분할선량, 조사야 등의 예후에 영향을 줄 수 있는 모든 여건들의 적절한 가감이 필요함을 시사하였다.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.215-228
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• 2018

역세권 2030청년주택은 청년주거문제가 조명되면서 서울시가 추진해 온 관련정책 가운데 가장 효과적으로 청년층을 위한 임대주택을 공급해 오고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 아직까지는 그 공급량이 서울시가 당초 계획했던 목표량에 크게 미치지 못하여 충분한 정책효과를 달성하기 어려운 것이 현실이다. 본고에서는 이러한 역세권 2030청년주택의 공급부진 문제 해소를 위한 하나의 유효한 방안으로서 용도지역 상향(업조닝) 가능여부 판정을 위한 용도지역 간 인접성 판단기준이 명료하게 제시될 필요가 있다고 보았다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 용도지역 간 인접성 판단의 준거가 되는 역세권 청년주택 운영지침 상의 인접성 판별 모식도와 함께, 인접성 판단이 이미 이루어진 청년주택사업결정 공고, 고시 사례들을 중심으로 공간구문론을 활용한 공간구조 분석을 수행해보았다. 공간구조도 검토결과, 축공간도는 구성이 불가능한 것으로 판명되어 볼록공간도를 활용하였고, 볼록공간도를 활용한 결과 모든 분석 사례에 있어 깊이(Depth)가 2 이하 일 때 두 공간은 서로 인접하게 되어 용도지역 상향을 위한 용도지역 간 인접성 조건을 충족함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2009

개량된 MA법으로 합성된 $LiFe(PO_4)/C$에 대해 X-선 회절분석을 실시하여 리트벨트법에 의해 결정학적 연구를 수행하였다. 리트벨트 계산 결과 리트벨트 R 지수 값은 $R_p=8.14%,\;R_{wp}=11.1%,\;R_{exp}=9.09%,\;R_B=3.88%$, S (GofF, Goodness of fit) = 1.2으로 계산이 잘 이루어졌음을 알 수 있다. $LiFePO_4/C$는 공간군 Pnma를 가지며, 격자상수 값은 a = 10.3229(3)${\AA}$, b = 6.0052(2) ${\AA}$, c = 4.6939(1) ${\AA}$이고 체적값은 V = 290.98(1) ${\AA}^3$으로 기존 다른 합성법의 연구결과와 잘 일치한다. 분말 입자는 고순도를 가지고 나노 크기($65{\sim}90nm$)로 기존 MA법보다 상대적으로 미세하고 균질도가 향상되었다. 따라서 개량된 MA법은 상업용 리튬 2차 전지의 양극물질 생산을 위한 우수한 제조법으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2015

Background: Published studies have reported relationships between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism and lung cancer risk in Chinese population. However, the epidemiological results remained controversial. The objective of this study was to clarify the association of XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism with lung cancer risk in the Chinese population. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches were performed through the database of Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI and WanFang Medical Online. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. Results: Overall, we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.09-1.71) in the Chinese population on the basis of 19 studies with 5,416 cases and 5,782 controls. We did not observe any association between XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln and Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln polymorphisms and lung cancer risk (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.92-1.08 and OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.97-1.13, respectively). Limiting the analysis to studies with controls in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.01-1.38). When stratified by source of control, we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln genotype on the basis of hospitalized patient-based controls (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.42) and among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype on the basis of healthy subject-based controls (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.04-1.43). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that certain XRCC1 Arg399Gln variants might affect the susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese population. Larger sample size studies are required to confirm our findings.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1976

IKUTON 발효(醱酵) 고구마 전분박(澱粉粕)의 농후사료대축수준(濃厚飼料代蓄水準) 調査하기 위하여 Large Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc Jersey 삼품종(三品種) 교잡종(交雜種) 25두(頭)를 공시(供試)하여 농후사료(濃厚飼料)를 급여(給與)한 대조구(對照區)와 IKUTON 발효(醱酵) 고구마 전분박(澱粉粕) 10%, 20%, 30% 및 40%를 대치한 5개처리구(個處理區)를 완전임의배치(完全任意配置)하여 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量)은 40% 구(區)를 제외(除外)한 기타(其他)의 각처리구(各處理區)에서는 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 유의적(有意的) (P<0.05)인 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었으며 40% 이상(以上)의 대체수준(代替水準)에서 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量)이 감소(減少)되고 있었다. 사료효율(飼料效率)은 20% 구(區); 3.43, 30% 구(區); 3.80, 10% 구(區) 3.97, 40% 구(區); 4.20, 0% 구(區0; 4.53의 순(順)으로 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 높은 사료효율(飼料效率)을 나타내고 있었다. 증체량과 80kg 도달주수(到達週數)는 10% 구(區); 12주(週), 0%구(區); 13주(週), 20% 및 30%구(區)가 14주(週)였고 40%구(區)는 15주(週)까지도 80kg에 도달(到達)치 못하고 있었으며 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 64%의 증체밖에 되지 않었다. 시험사료(試驗飼料)의 소화율(消化率)은 75.2~87.5%였으며 급수율(給水率)은 사료섭취(飼料攝取) 1kg당(當) $1.95-2.01{\ell}$로 되고 있어 사료급여회수(飼料給與回數)는 소화율(消化率)과 급수율(給水率)에 아무런 영향을 주지 않었다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2011

방사선의 출력선량계수는 모든 선량계획과 치료선량결정에 영향을 주게 되므로, 정확한 선량평가가 강조되고 있다. 저자들은 물흡수선량을 결정하는 선량프로토콜을 종전의 TG-21에서 TG-51로 전환하여 2007년부터 새로운 버전과 새로운 공동전리함으로 선량을 평가하기 위해 SSDL의 $N_k$를 $N_{dw}{^{Co-60}}$로 변환하여 적용하였다, 평가된 물흡수선량계수는 치료선량결정과 RPC의 선량모니터링을 통해 비교되었으며, 선량평가는 2% 이내를 보였지만 불안정성을 확인하게 되었으며, 선량평가과정을 후향적으로 모니터하였다. 점검결과 새 전리함의 교정계수가 -2.8% 낮은 것을 확인하고 PSDL의 물흡수선량교정계수를 구하여 출력선량계수를 구하였으며, 선량평가 결과 2010년부터 안정되었고 지속적으로 1% 이내의 오차를 나타내었다.