• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.763-772
• /
• 2020

During X-ray examinations in the DR system, the scattered X-rays physically generated by the patient cause image blurring in poor quality. Although X-rays to increase the contrast of images, this increases the patient's exposure dose and is likely to result in grid induced artifacts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is obtain images similar to those of real-grid with non-grid level conditions using a VGR (Virtual Grid Role) algorithm that serves as a virtual grid. Comparing MTF, SNR and CNR of non-grid and VGR algorithm images obtained with 70% exposure conditions of real-grid images showed that the MTF0.5 differed from 0.265 to 0.350 and the MTF0.1 from 0.412 to 0.467 and the SNR, CNR were also different. In addition, comparing MTF, SNR and CNR of VGR algorithm and real-grid images showed that the MTF0.5 differed from 0.350 to 0.367 and the MTF0.1 from 0.467 to 0.483 and the SNR, CNR by little.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.607-614
• /
• 2023

Clear overlapping of the bilateral epicondyle and proper separation of the elbow joint are crucial for obtaining accurate lateral general radiographs of the elbow. However, due to the complex anatomical structure of the elbow, achieving optimal positioning is challenging, leading to the need for repeated x-ray examinations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the angle of the forearm in patients where accurate lateral images of the elbow joint can't be obtained after vertical incidence using a styrofoam device during elbow joint lateral x-ray imaging. Twenty patients were enrolled in our study following the established protocol. First, a vertical x-ray at an angle of 0° between the forearm and the table was taken (control group). Here, if the lateral image of the elbow joint was deemed inadequate, the forearm angle was adjusted using custom-made styrofoam supports with 5° and 10° inclinations (experimental groups). For the evaluation method, two assessors utilized a 5-point Likert scale to assess the images. The reliability of the assessments was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. As a result, patients with inadequate overlap of the bilateral epicondyle and separation of the elbow joint in the initial examination (control group) were able to obtain the best images when setting a 10° angle between the forearm and the table. The subjective evaluation was 1.6 ± 0.8 points at 0°, 2.7 ± 0.8 points at 5°, and 4.4 ± 1.3 points at 10°, respectively. The reliability analysis for the angles of 0°, 5°, and 10° yielded Cronbach's alpha values of 0.867, 0.697, and 0.922, respectively. In conclusion, when it is not possible to obtain accurate images using the conventional position and X-ray beam direction, it is considered that by initially acquiring images with an angle of 10° between the forearm and the table, and gradually decreasing the angle while obtaining images, it would be possible to achieve the optimal image while reducing the number of repeat examinations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 1995

Background: The incidence of mycoplasmal pneumonia is predominantly at childhood and early adulthood, but in adults, its incidence is low and its symptoms and physical findings are nonspecific. The definite diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia can be made by sputum culture, but requires several weeks for positive results, and the early diagnosis must initially be based on the serologic tests and appropriate clinical findings. Thus, we evaluated the clinical aspects of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in the adults patients. Method: Among the admitted patients due to pneumonia, the definite diagnosis is anti-M. pneumoniae antibody titer of $\geq$ 1:40 and a single cold agglutinin titer of $\geq$ 1:64. The presumptive diagnosis is anti-M. pneumoniae antibody titer of $\geq$ 1:40 or a single cold agglutinin titer of $\geq$ 1:64 and the clinical characteristics or chest X-ray findings are compatible with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. We studied the age and sex distribution, seasonal distribution, clinical symptoms, physical findings, serologic test, chest X-ray findings, treatment and its progression. Results: 1) The age distribution was even and the ratio of male to female was 1:1. 2) The monthly distribution was most common in January(16.7%) and the seasonal distribution in autumn and winter(autumn: 30%, winter: 33.3%). 3) The cold agglutinin titers were higher than 1:64 in 12 cases(40%), and reached the peak level around 2 weeks from onset and antimycoplasma antibody titers were higher than 1:160 in 5 cases(16.7%). 4) On the chest X-ray, pulmonary infiltration was noted in 28 cases(93.3%) among 30 cases and right lower lobe involvement was the most common(33.3%) and both lower lobe involvement was noted in 7 cases(23.3%). 5) The mean treatment duration was most common(33.3%) in 1 week to 2 weeks after admission and 26 cases(86.7%) were improved within 4 weeks. 6) On admission, there was fever(${\geq}38.9^{\circ}C$) in 17 cases(56.7%), and the fever subsided in 12 cases(70%) within 3 days after treatment using erythromycin. Conclusion: The mycoplasmal pneumonia in adults shows milder clinical patterns than that in childhood and can be completely recovered without complication by early diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine suitable angle of Tibia-foot and the X-ray tube for scaphoid in foot X-ray examination. A total of twenty patients(mean age $32.12{\pm}years)$ are participated in this study. In the positions of Foot AP, internal and external oblique, tibia-foot angle was defined as $90^{\circ}$ and $135^{\circ}$, and x-ray tube angle was defined as $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$ respectively. The image quality was evaluated with blind test yielding scores ranging from 0 to 5 by the evaluation team consisted of 2 radiogical technologists, 2 radiologists, and 2 orthopedic surgeons. In case of Foot AP position, the degree of overlap between cuneiform and navicular was 3% and the blind test result was 4.89 at tibia-foot angle of $90^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. When the tibia-foot angle is $135^{\circ}$, the degree of overlap was 5%, also the blind test result was 4.30 at $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. The degree of overlap and blind test result were 30% and 3.75 respectively at $0^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. In case of internal oblique position, at tibia-foot angle of $90^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle, the degree of overlap was 4% and the blind test result was 4.70. The 5% overlapping and highest score as 4.55 were obtained on tibia-foot angle of $135^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. In case of external oblique position, at tibia-foot angle of $90^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle, the degree of overlap was 4% and the blind test score was 4.85. The 5% overlapping and highest score as 4.75 were obtained on tibia-foot angle of $135^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. In conclusion, we confirmed suitable angle of tibia-foot and X-ray tube for scaph46oid in foot X-ray examination in this study. These findings will be helpful for us to reading for navicular fracture.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1995

To investigate the response rate for family examination and the morbidity of family members, we reviewed the medical records of 1,525 tuberculosis patients at health center of Sunsan county in Kyungpook province from January 1981 to December 1990. The response rate for family examination in the first period(1981-1985) was 20.0%, and that in the second period(1986-1990) was 78.8%. The response rate for family examination was rapidly increased with the year. The kinship between the tuberculosis patients and examinees was very closely related with the response rate of family examination. The radiological finding was closely related with rate for family examination was 63.0% in the children of patients, 28.9% in wives or husbands of patients, 28.8% in other relatives and 19.9% the morbidity rate of family examinees. The severe the radiological finding, the higher the tuberculosis morbidity rate of family examinees. The prevalent rates of family examinees were 6.2% in parents, 4.3% in wives or husbands, 1.1% in children, and 1.5% in other relatives of parents. The results of this study suggest that the response rate for family examination should be increased especially for the old people, such as parents of tuberculosis patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.9 no.7
• /
• pp.473-478
• /
• 2015

Abdominal obesity is one of the most influential index to predict of insulin resistance syndrome/metabolic syndrome in social demographic characteristics. It is matter of fact that radiation dose are increasing with development of medical treatment and device. In this study, we estimated distortion between reference image and entrance surface dose when take a chest radiography forward chest phantom assumed abdominal obesity. When angle of chest phantom incline $5^{\circ}$ forward, thoracic transverse and longitudinal diameter increase 1.22% and 0.44% each. Also cardiac transverse diameter increase 1.01% and cardio-throracic ratio (CTR) decrease 0.27% in the same situation of incline to $5^{\circ}$ forward. Thoracic transverse diameter shows the largest increase, and CTR was decreased. But entrance surface dose to phantom increase significantly 6.12% when angle of chest phantom incline $5^{\circ}$ forward. In conclusion, we have to pay attention to accurate positioning, to prevent a distortion of image through incline, and make patients not to expose to additional radiation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.490-494
• /
• 2003

Purpose : We'd like to determine the incidence of congenital heart disease and arrhythmia in elementary school children in Busan, and to provide adequate prevention and treatment. Methods : A total of 23,802(male 12,909, female 10,893) 1st grade elementary school children living in Busan were studied. All children were 7-8 years old. We obtained their medical history by questionnaire and checked elecrocardiography(ECG). Subsequent screening tests including a 2nd ECG, chest X-ray, phonocardiogram and CBC for the students who had abnormal findings at the first screening test. The third screening test was done for students who had cardiac murmurs or abnormal ECG findings in the second screening test by echocardiogram, treadmill test and 24-hour Holter monitoring. Results : Among 23,802 children participants, 605(2.54%) had abnormal ECG findings at the first screening test. Q wave abnormality(0.58%) was observed most frequently, and complete right bundle branch block(RBBB)(0.26%), sinus tachycardia(0.24%), right axis deviation(0.22%) and ventricular premature contraction(VPC)(0.21%) followed in order. Four hundred and twenty four children participated in the second ECG screening test. Two hundred and two children(47.6%) had an abnormality such as sinus tachycardia(18.8%), VPC(17.8%), or complete RBBB(17.3%). After completing the third examination including echocardiogram, we couldn't find the students with ventricular tachycardia (VT) or SVT at the third arrhythmia screening test. Conclusion : A high incidence of arrhythmia was found in the 1st grade elementary school children in Busan despite their healthy appearances, although fatal heart diseases were not noted. Early diagnosis, adequate preventative measures and treatment will prevent and decrease the frequency of emergent situations like syncope and sudden death.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2014

Diagnostic radiation equipment diagnosis and treatment of disease of recent plays a central role, but this is based on the assumption of an appropriate balance of benefits and risks of diagnostic. If balance is not maintained has the potential to give an adverse effect on the health of the public. In the case of an overseas, the importance of (QA) quality assurance of medical equipment is growing, but evaluation criteria of quality assurance has not been clearly presented in domestic. Therefore, the modernization of medical equipment from the point at which the degree of cycle-by-cycle management system of foreign national to be suitable for diagnostic radiation generator entry and quality control standards by introducing a tailoring is necessary. In this study the most frequently used diagnostic radiation generator X-ray imaging apparatus of the general three-year periodic inspections at any time between the periodic inspection items and quality control methods and standards for the establishment of the United States, Canada and abroad, and international electronic literature search Technical Committee (International Electro-technical Commission, IEC) were compared with the provisions of item. Based on the national quality control items when opening frequent inspection items and standards presented as a basis for setting up study.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 2012

The X ray has been widely used in both diagnosis and treatment. Recently, a miniature X ray tube has been developed for radiotherapy. The miniature X ray tube is directly inserted into the body irradiated, so that X rays can be guided to a target at various incident angles according to collimator geometry and, thus, minimize patient dose. If such features of the miniature X ray tube can be applied to development of X ray imaging as well as radiation treatment, it is expected to open a new chapter in the field of diagnostic X ray. However, the miniature X ray tube requires an added filter and a collimator for diagnostic purpose because it was designed for radiotherapy. Therefore, a collimator and an added filter were manufactured for the miniature X ray tube, and mounted on. In this study, we evaluated beam characteristics of the miniature X ray tube for diagnostic X ray system and accuracy of measuring the HVL. We used the Si PIN Photodiode type Piranha detector (Piranha, RTI, Sweden) and estimated the HVL of the miniature X ray tube with added filter and without added filter. Through an another measurement using Al filter, we evaluated the accuracy of the HVL obtained from a direct measurement using the automatic HVL calculation function provided by the Piranha detector. As a result, the HVL of the miniature X ray tube was increased around 1.9 times with the added filter mounted on. So we demonstrated that the HVL was suitable for diagnostic X ray system. In the case that the added filter was not mounted on, the HVL obtained from use of the automatic HVL calculation function provided by Piranha detector was 50% higher than the HVL estimated using Al filter. Therefore, the HVL automatic measurement from the Piranha detector cannot be used for the HVL calculation. However, when the added filter was mounted on, the HVL automatic measurement value using the Piranha detector was approximately 15% lower than the estimated value using Al filter. It implies that the HVL automatic measurement can be used to estimate the HVL of the miniature X ray tube with the added filter mounted on without a more complicated measurement method using Al filter. It is expected that the automatic HVL measurement provided by the Piranha detector enables to make kV-X ray characterization easier.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.543-548
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate anteroposterior oblique(RPO, LPO) and posteroanterior oblique(LAO, RAO) projections of the cervical spine, at various kVp and mA s increments, in order to compare thyroid surface dose. Using Rando phantom, dosimeter was attached to the Cervical spine 4~5 to measure the surface dose in the same thyroid position. As a result, the surface dose was $595.08{\pm}215.01{\mu}Gy$ for anteroposterior oblique(RPO, LPO) projections and $64.21{\pm}33.49{\mu}Gy$ for posteroanterior oblique(LAO, RAO) projections by changing kVp increment. The surface dose was $445.20{\pm}230.90{\mu}Gy$ for anteroposterior oblique(RPO, LPO) projections and $44.51{\pm}22.77{\mu}Gy$ for posteroanterior oblique(LAO, RAO) projections by changing mAs increment. The posteroanterior oblique method could reduce about 90% the surface dose than the anteroposterior oblique method. There were statistically significant differences among the examinations(p<0.001). Change the direction of position to reduce the surface dose at oblique projection of cervical spine. Therefore, we consider posteroanterior oblique projections than anteroposterior oblique projections of cervical spine examination in other to reduce patient surface dose.