• 제목/요약/키워드: Wu Shi Ji

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吳師機의 外治法 思想에 대한 硏究 -<理倫騈文> 中 <略言>을 中心으로 (A literatual study on medical thought of Wu Shi Ji(吳師機) about external therapy - Translation and analysis on $\ulcorner$Lue Yan, 略言$\lrcorner$ in $\ulcorner$Li Yue Pian Wen, 理倫騈文$\lrcorner$)

  • 전재홍;김현아
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.268-294
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    • 1999
  • External therapy is a very useful method in today. But a study of theoretical basis of external therapy is very poor in Korea. So I carried out to investigate of 《Li Yue Pian Wen, 理淪騈文》. And I translated and analyzed to , firstly. Wu Shi Ji (吳師機) was one of the physician in qing(淸) dynasty (AD). He wrote the 《Li Yue Pian Wen, 理淪騈文》 which is the first special book on the external therapy(外治法). This is composed of 5 parts. In these parts,

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전을(錢乙)의 의학사상(醫學思想)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on Qian Yi(錢乙)'s Medical Though)

  • 오준환;김기욱;박현국
    • 한국의사학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.109-152
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    • 2001
  • Throughout this paper, I adjusted the study of 'Qian Yi'(錢乙)'s Medical Thought, and the following is the summary. 1. 'Qian Yi' wrote 'Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue'("小兒藥證直訣", edited by 誾季忠), and there were 'Shang Han Lun Zhi Wei'("傷寒論指微"), 'Ying Ru Lun', however those are loss of the record. 2. Qian Yi's 'Zhi Jue'("直訣") was influenced by 'Lu Xin Jing', yet if we compare the quality of 'Sheng Li, Byeng Li, Bang Jae'(生理, 病理, 方劑), 'Lu Xin Jing' cannot be the foundation of 'Zhi Jue'. He took over 'Nei Jing, Shang Han Lun, Jin Gui Yao Lue, Shen Long Ben Cao Jing, Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang'("內經", "傷寒論", "金?要略", "神膿本草經", "太平聖惠方") and put them together to the direct clinical experiences of pediatrics. 3. There is no reference regarding the difficulties of pediatric diagnosis and diseases in 'Huang Di Nei Jing'("黃帝內經") Before 'Bei Song'(北宋), regardless of the lack of data related to pediatric diseases, 'Qian Yi' established the pediatric system in 'Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue' for the first time. 4. In his diagnosis of the pediatric diseases, he 'Si Zhen He Can'(四診合參), also considered in the eye exam seriously. In addition, he closely combined 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng'(五臟辨證), and diagnosis the pediatric diseases. 5. 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', what Qian established method was based on 'Zheng Ti Guan'(整體觀) in 'Huang Di Nei Jing'. It was based on clinical experiences and established the perspectives of 'Tian Ren Xiang Ying'(天人相應). First of all, he pinpointed 'Zhu Zheng'(主證) clearly. Secondly, he pinpointed the relationships to symptoms and then, he distinguished a generic character of 'Xu, Shi, Han, Re'(虛, 實, 寒, 熱). Finally, he made an induction from genealogical pediatric physiology. 6. 'Qian Yi' took a serious view of 'Ban Zhen'(斑疹), the inadequate field in those days. At that time, he criticized on the habituation of the misuse of medication. He treated separately which 'Ji Jing'(急驚) as 'Liang Xie'(凉瀉) and 'Man Jing'(慢驚) as 'Wen Bu'(溫補). He proposed 'Cong Gan Zhu Feng, Xin Zhu Jing'(從肝主風, 心主驚) theory and formulated 'Jing Feng'(驚風) theory as well. 7. As an opponent of a tendency to misusage of medicine, 'Qian Yi' made out a prescription with pliant medicine. He emphasized on the treatment to 'Gong Bu Shang Zheng, Bu Bu Zhi Xie, Xiao Bu Jian Shi'(攻不傷正, 補不滯邪, 消補兼施) because he had so lucid demonstration to 'Xu Shi Han Re'(虛實寒熱) of the five viscera in the field of 'Bang Yak'(方藥). 8. There were no pediatrics schools at that time, however, the pediatrics was being made up gradually by 'Jin Yuan Si Da Jia'(金元四大家) who was influenced by 'Qian Yi'. He raised an objection to medical treatment using pliant medicine. 'Qian Yi' applied 'Qu Xia'(驅下) treatment using 'Han Liang'(寒凉) medicine. 'Han Liang Pai'(寒凉派) is greatly influenced by Qian. 'Chen Wen Zhong'(陳文中) had a great impact on 'Han Liang Pai' who used a 'Zao Shu Wen Bu'(燥熟溫補) medicine for treatment. Since 'Song Jin'(宋金), he had a tremendous influence on pediatrics treating patients in both 'Han Wen'(寒溫) ways. 9. 'Qian Yi' had an influence on his medical thoughts on future generations, especially to 'Wan Quan'(萬全) of 'Ming Dai', 'Wu Tang'(吳塘) of 'Qing Dai'(淸代) and 'Yun Shu Jie'(?樹珏) of 'Min Guo'(民國). 'Wan Quan' is an advocate of 'You Yu, Bu Zu Zhi Shuo'(有餘, 不足之說)of 'Xiao Er Wu Zang'(小兒五臟) that he revealed Qian's 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng'(五臟辨證). 'Wu Tang' disclosed Qian's 'Xiao Er Ti Zhi Shuo'(小兒體質說) and 'Xiao Er Ke'(小兒科)'s 'Yong Yao Lun'(用藥論), therefore, he uncovered pediatric physiological characteristics through the advocate of Qian's 'Zang Fu Rou Ruo, Ji Gu Nen Qie, Yi Xu Yi Shi, Yi Han Yi Re' (臟腑柔弱, 肌骨嫩怯, 易虛易實, 易寒易熱). 'Yun Shu Jie' developed intrinsic relationships among time, symptom and 'Tian Ren Xiang Ying Guan'(天人相應觀), What 'Qian Yi' stated about them. And also, he developed Qian's 'Di Huang Wan'(地黃丸), 'Xie Qing Wan'(瀉靑丸), 'Yi Huang San'(益黃散) clinical usages as well. 10. Regarding Qian's 'Wu Zang Xu Shi'(五臟虛實), it has an influence on 'Zhang Yuan Su'(張元素)'s 'Zang Fu Bing Ji Bian Zheng'(臟腑病機辨證). 'Di Huang Wan', 'Xie Qing Wan', 'Xie Xin Tang'(瀉心湯), 'Yi Huang San', 'Xie Huang San'(瀉黃散) are the standard prescription of 'Wu Zang Bu Xie'(五臟補瀉). It is under the influence of Qian's treatment. Besides, 'Qian Yi' took a serious view of 'Xiao Er'(小兒)'s 'Pi Wei'(脾胃). 'Qian Yi' had an impact on 'Li Dong Yuan'(李東垣) one of the member of 'Bu Tu Pai'(補土派). 'Di Huang Wan', which placed great importance on 'Bu Yi Shen Yin'(補益腎陰), had a great impact on 'Da Bu Yin Wan'(大補陰丸) and 'Jin Yuan Si Da Jia' as well. 11. In a theory of Qian's 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', though it had been stated clearly in 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', but he neglected in 'Liu Fu Bian Zheng'(六腑辨證). In prescription field, The problem with the medicine is that it is either toxic or mineral, therefore, we are not able to use those medicine in a clinical testing at the present time.

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오(吳) 사기(師機)의 외치법(外治法)에 대한 연구(硏究) - ${\ll}$이륜병문(理淪騈文)${\gg}$ 중 <속증약언(續增略言)> 을 중심(中心)으로 - (TA Study of External Therapy by Wu Shi-Ji -Translation and Analysis on <續增略言, xu-zeng-lue-yun> in <理淪騈文, li-yao-pian-wen>)

  • 전재홍;최인화
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.241-255
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : In order to comprehend and utilize external therapy, we considered that we needed to research Wu Shi-Ji who was a medical specialist of external therapy. We looked at the special study on external therapy in his book, ${\ll}li-yao-pian-wen{\gg}$, especially ; in this part his generai approach to external therapy was well-detaiied. Methods : We translated and analyzed . Results : In , he gives a supplementary explanation about the insufficient attention paid to external therapy, 膏(gao) - (ti) 坐(zuo) (yu) 抹(mo) 纏法(chan fa), through San Jiao(三焦). And he insisted on his conception of external therapy: ointment(膏) and the moth of sneezing, sitting on herbs(坐), steaming or attaching herbs patients's navel, rubbing(抹) and binding(縛), based on ${\ll}nei-jing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}shang-han-lun{\gg}$. He put forward the general rules of external therapy using those methods. And through , he explained that the efficacy of his external therapy was basically the same as internal therapy and medicine, the only difference was in the method. In addition, this external therapy has some merits when compared with internal medicine. First, it's easier to diagnose a disease and treat patients compared to internal medicine. For instance, when a patient has a problem with his abdomen, we just have to diagnose a disease of the abdomen and treat using one method of external therapy on the abdomenal area. Second, external therapy has fewer side effects. And third, we can utilize the meridian theory when we use external therapy. Conclusions : Through , we basically understood his conception of external therapy. Although more research is needed, we suggest that we need to enlarge our usage of external therapy, not just confine ourselves to smaller areas of focus. His point of view suggests that external therapy is not merely an adjunct to internal therapy, but an interdependent course of study and action in its own right.

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소아약증직결(小兒藥證直訣)의 의안(醫案)에 나타난 전을(錢乙)의 의학사상에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Medical Records and Qian Yi(錢乙)'s Medical Thought in $\ll$Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue$\gg$)

  • 황영준;민상연;김장현
    • 대한한방소아과학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.104-116
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    • 2010
  • Objectives The Medical record consist of symptoms, the cause of a disease, diagnostic studies, medical treatment, prescription, and so on. Doctors can use medical records as data for diagnosis, treatment, and education. Therefore, medical records are beneficial. Methods Translating $\ll$Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue$\gg$ into modern Korean, and studying the medical records of Qian Yi(錢乙)'s Medical concept in $\ll$Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue$\gg$ were examined. Results Regarding the diagnosis of the pediatric diseases, Si Zhen He Can(四該合參), consider in the eye exam closely. In addition, he closely combined the concept of Wu Zang Bian Zheng(五藏辨證), and diagnosis the pediatric diseases. Wu Zang Bian Zheng(五藏辨證). what Qian-Yi(錢乙) established method was based on Zheng Ti Guan(整體觀) in Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經). Qian-Yi(錢乙) took a close look on Chuang Zhen(瘡疹) which had been an inadequate field in those days. He criticized on the habitual misuse of medications. He treated Ji Jing(急驚) and Man Jing(慢驚) separately; Ji Jing(急驚) as Liang Xie(凉瀉) and Man Jing(慢驚) as Wen Bu(溫補). He proposed Zong Gan Zhu Feng and Xin Zhu Jing(縱肝主風, 心主驚) theory and formulated Jing Feng(驚風) theory as well. He emphasized the treatment to Gong Bu Shang Zheng, Bu Bu Zhi Xie, Xiao Bu Jian Shi(攻不傷正, 補不滯邪, 消補兼施) because he had a clear demonstration to Han Re Xu Shi(寒熱虛實) of the five viscera in the field of Fang yao(方藥). Conclusions Understanding $\ll$Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue$\gg$ and its medical records of Qian Yi(錢乙)'s medical concept had quintessential meaning to both modern pediatrician and oriental medical doctors of all medical fields in treating children.

조선(朝鮮) 문인(文人)과 교류(交流)한 청조(淸朝) 학자(學者)들의 문자학(文字學) 연구(硏究)에 관한 소고(小考) (Study on the Chinese graphonomy's exchanges of Qing Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty)

  • 서한용
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제25권
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    • pp.529-548
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    • 2011
  • Zu Wen-Zao(朱文藻), Li Tiao-Yuan(李調元), Hong Liang-Ji(洪亮吉), Peng Yuan-Rui(彭元瑞), Qian Dong-Huan(錢東垣), Sun Xing-Yan(孫星衍), Ruan Yuan(阮元), Chen Zhan(陳?), Wu Shi-Fen(嗚式芬), Feng Gui-Fen(馮桂芬), He Shao-Ji(何紹基), Fan Zu-Yin(潘祖蔭) made the contributions to the theoretical construction to the science of Chinese characters in their books "Shuwenxizhuankao(說文繫傳考異)", "Liushufenhao(六書分毫)", "Liushuzhuanzhulu(六書轉注錄)", "Xiqinggujian(西淸古鑒)", "Xiaoeryajiaozheng(小爾雅校證)", "Jiujingzhengsuzikao(九經正俗字考)", "Jiguzhaizhongdingyiqikuanshi(積古齋鐘鼎?器款識)", "Shuwenshengxi(說文聲繫)", "Shuwenjiuzizhengyi(說文解字正義)", "Jungulu(?古錄)", "Shuwenjiuzizhukaozheng (說文解字段注考正)", "Shuowenduanzhubozheng(說文段注駁正)", "Haidongjinshilu(海東金石錄)". They analyzed the rules behind character construction, and tried to find out the nature of Chinese characters, the relationship between Chinese characters, the evolutionary laws of Chinese characters, the characteristic of ancient Chinese characters etc.

구침(九鍼)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (The study of the usage of Jiu-Zhen (九鍼))

  • 정기진;조현석;윤종화
    • 대한의료기공학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.185-199
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    • 1998
  • Going back to long chinese medical history, there were many different methods of treatment according to the origin of local chinese areas, such as Bian-Shi(?石) from east, herbal therapy from west, acupuncturing from south, moxibustion from north, and mainpulating therapy from middle china. In the midst of these therapies, acupuncture needling had developed very much both in theories, shapes, usages and also in theraputic boundray. Historical books dealing with acupuncture had introduced and used Jiu-Zhen as a tool for acupuncture needling in common. But there are some differences between each texts about in shape, use, and there are also another different point of view about the interrelationship between Bian-Shi and Ji-Zhen. So the author, in this research, tried to look for how Jiu-Zhen had took on its real kinds, adaptive usages, theraputic boundaries, many different skills of needing. By researching over ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Jiu-Zhen(靈樞,九鍼)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Jiu-Zhen-Shi- Yi-Yuan(靈樞,九鍼十二原)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen(靈樞,官鍼)${\lrcorner}$, and by compar- ing them with the contents of Jiu-Zhen in ${\ulcorner}$ Zhen-Jiu-Yi-Jing(鍼灸甲乙經)${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$Zhen-Jiu-Da-Cheng (鍼灸大成)${\lrcorner}$, the author discovered small conclusions such as following. 1. Taking Jiu-Zhen in a narrow sense, it only repesents nine different needle used in different cases. But in large sense, this means nine different deedling methods using each different needles which is represented in the form of Wu-Ci ( 五剌 ), Shi-Yi-Ci ( 十二剌 ) in ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen ${\lrcorner}$ 2. Jin-Zhen has been first originated from stone age as a substitute for Bian-Shi and through bronze and iron age, it followed a process of it's own shape and applicating functions. As an example, the moxibustional therapies shown in ${\ulcorner}$ Zu-Bi-Shi-Yi-Mai- Jiu-Jing ( 足臂十一脈灸經 )${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$ Yin-Yang-Shi-Yi-Mai-Jiu-Jing ( 陰陽十一脈灸經)${\lrcorner}$ in ahead of ${\ulcorner}$ Nei-Jing ( 內經 )${\lrcorner}$ era, was relationship in acupuncturing skills and shape. So Jiu-Zhen had been originated on the base of Bian-Shi in ancient times to develop into delicate shape, skill, and theraputic foundation of modern oriental medicine.

개합추(開闔樞)에 대한 문헌학적 고찰 (A Philological Study of Previous Research on Open-Close-Pivot(開闔樞))

  • 최동현;백유상;정창현;장우창
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.33-47
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    • 2019
  • Objectives : To review the meaning of Open-Close-Pivot and its transition over time. Methods : Annotations and explanations in chapters where the theory of Open-Close-Pivot originated from in the "Suwen(素問)" and "Lingshu(靈樞)" were examined, followed by philological examination of key physicians. Results & Conclusions : Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) compared the 'Open-Close-Pivot' to a door. Wang Bing(王冰) explained it's movement and stillness to be the principle behind the Three-Yin-Three-Yang's threefold division. Wang Ji(汪機), in "XuSuwenChao(續素問鈔)" explained its physiological function as the entering and exiting of Ying Wei(營衛), and its scope to be exterior, interior, and center. Ma Shi(馬蒔) stratified it similar to "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)"'s six stages, while Wu Kun(吳崑) categorized Shaoyang(少陽) as being in-between exterior and interior. Zhang Jing Yue(張景岳) suggested a standard for the entering-exiting and exterior-interior-center concepts of the Open-Close-Pivot. Zhang Zhi Cong(張志聰) argued a theory of Open-Close-Pivot that emphasized the meaning of Three-Yin-Three-Yang, while Gao Shi Zong(高士宗) explained the relationship between Open, Close, Pivot and the functioning process. Shi Shou Tang(石壽棠) explained the physiology and pathology in the actions among Open-Close-Pivot with a focus on Pivot. Ke Qin(柯琴) applied Open-Close-Pivot to "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)" and used it as the basic principle to the Six Channel Ground Theory(六經地面說), also clinically applying it in the identification and treatment of the Six Channel patterns. Conclusions : Counting based word embedding methods seems to be more effective than.

적정 전원 구성에 관한 연구 - 비전 2030 (A Study on Best Generation Mix - Vision 2030)

  • 정상헌;박정제;사박;오량;최재석;김진우;이유수
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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    • pp.176-179
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    • 2007
  • This paper proposes a fuzzy linear programming based solution approach fur the long-term generation mix with multi-stages (years) considering air pollution constraints on $CO_2$ emissions, under uncertain circumstances as like as ambiguities of budget and reliability criterion level. This paper approaches to generation mix problem for 2030 year in Korea eventually. The proposed approach may give more flexible solution rather than too robust plan. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by applying it to solve the multi-years best generation mix problem on the Korea power system which contains nuclear, coal, LNG, oil and pumped-storage hydro plants.

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Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes and Risk of Glioma and Meningioma

  • Luo, Ke-Qin;Mu, Shi-Qing;Wu, Zhong-Xue;Shi, Yi-Ni;Peng, Ji-Cai
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.449-452
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    • 2013
  • Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes have been shown to influence DNA repair processes and to modify cancer susceptibility. Here we conducted a case-control study to assess the role of potential SNPs of DNA repair genes on the risk of glioma and meningioma. We included 297 cases and 458 cancer-free controls. Genotyping of XRCC1 Gln399Arg, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC2 Arg188His, XRCC3 Thr241Met, XRCC4 Ala247Ser, ERCC1 Asn118Asp, ERCC2 Lys751Gln and ERCC5 Asp1558His were performed in a 384-well plate format on the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. XRCC1 Arg194Trp (rs1799782) and ERCC2 Asp312Asn rs1799793 did not follow the HWE in control group, and genotype distributions of XRCC1 Gln399Arg rs25487, XRCC2 Arg188His rs3218536 and ERCC2 Asp312Asn rs1799793 were significantly different between cases and controls (P<0.05). We found XRCC1 399G/G, XRCC1 194 T/T and XRCC3 241T/T were associated with a higher risk when compared with the wild-type genotype. For ERCC5 Asp1558His, we found G/G genotype was associated with elevated susceptibility. In conclusion, our study has shown that XRCC1 Gln399Arg, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC3 Thr241Met and ERCC5 Asp1558His are associated with risk of gliomas and meningiomas. This finding could be useful in identifying the susceptibility genes for these cancers.

일본 '고증파(考證派)' 의학에 관한 연구 (A Study on The 'Kao Zheng Pai'(考證派) of The Traditional Medicine of Japan)

  • 박현국;김기욱
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.211-250
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    • 2007
  • 1. The 'Kao Zheng Pai(考證派) comes from the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' and is a school that is influenced by the confucianism of the Qing dynasty. In Japan Inoue Kinga(井上金娥), Yoshida Koton(吉田篁墩) became central members, and the rise of the methodology of historical research(考證學) influenced the members of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai', and the trend of historical research changed from confucianism to medicine, making a school of medicine based on the study of texts and proving that the classics were right. 2. Based on the function of 'Nei Qu Li '(內驅力) the 'Kao Zheng Pai', in the spirit of 'use confucianism as the base', researched letters, meanings and historical origins. Because they were influenced by the methodology of historical research(考證學) of the Qing era, they valued the evidential research of classic texts, and there was even one branch that did only historical research, the 'Rue Xue Kao Zheng Pai'(儒學考證派). Also, the 'Yi Xue Kao Zheng Pai'(醫學考證派) appeared by the influence of Yoshida Kouton and Kariya Ekisai(狩谷掖齋). 3. In the 'Kao Zheng Pai(考證派)'s theories and views the 'Yi Xue Kao Zheng Pai' did not look at medical scriptures like the "Huang Di Nei Jing"("黃帝內經") and did not do research on 'medical' related areas like acupuncture, the meridian and medicinal herbs. Since they were doctors that used medicine, they naturally were based on 'formulas'(方劑) and since their thoughts were based on the historical ideologies, they valued the "Shang Han Ja Bing Lun" which was revered as the 'ancestor of all formulas'(衆方之祖). 4. The lives of the important doctors of the 'Kao Zheng Pai' Meguro Dotaku(目黑道琢) Yamada Seichin(山田正珍), Yamada Kyoko(山田業廣), Mori Ritsi(森立之) Kitamura Naohara(喜多村直寬) are as follows. 1) Meguro Dotaku(目黑道琢 1739${\sim}$1798) was born of lowly descent but, using his intelligence and knowledge, became a professor as a Shi Jing Yi(市井醫) and as a professor for 34 years at Ji Shou Guan mastered the "Huang Di Nei Jing" after giving over 300 lectures. Since his pupil, Isawara Ken taught the Lan Men Wu Zhe(蘭門五哲) and Shibue Chusai, Mori Ritsi(森立之), Okanishi Gentei(岡西玄亭), Kiyokawa Gendoh(淸川玄道) and Yamada Kyoko(山田業廣), Meguro Dotaku is considered the founder of the 'Yi Xue Kao Zheng Pai'. 2) The family of Yamada Seichin(山田正珍 1749${\sim}$1787) had been medical officials in the Makufu(幕府) and the many books that his ancestors had left were the base of his art. Seichin learned from Shan Ben Bei Shan(山本北山), a 'Zhe Zhong Pai' scholar, and put his efforts into learning, teaching and researching the "Shang Han Lun"("傷寒論"). Living in a time between 'Gu Fang Pai'(古方派) member Nakanishi Goretada(中西惟忠) and 'Kao Zheng Pai' member Taki Motohiro(多紀元簡), he wrote 11 books, 2 of which express his thoughts and research clearly, the "Shang Han Lun Ji Cheng"("傷寒論集成") and "Shang Han Kao"("傷寒考"). His comparison of the 'six meridians'(3 yin, 3 yang) between the "Shang Han Lun" and the "Su Wen Re Lun"("素問 熱論) and his acknowledgement of the need and rationality of the concept of Yin-Yang and Deficient-Replete distinguishes him from the other 'Gu Fang Pai'. Also, his dissertation of the need for the concept doesn't use the theories of latter schools but uses the theory of the "Shang Han Lun" itself. He even researched the historical parts, such as terms like 'Shen Nong Chang Bai Cao'(神農嘗百草) and 'Cheng Qi Tang'(承氣湯) 3) The ancestor of Yamada Kyoko(山田業廣) was a court physician, and learned confucianism from Kao Zheng Pai 's Ashikawa Genan(朝川善庵) and medicine from Isawa Ranken and Taki Motokata(多紀元堅), and the secret to smallpox from Ikeda Keisui(池田京水). He later became a lecturer at the Edo Yi Xue Guan(醫學館) and was invited as the director to the Ji Zhong(濟衆) hospital. He also became the first owner of the Wen Zhi She(溫知社), whose main purpose was the revival of kampo, and launched the monthly magazine Wen Zi Yi Tan(溫知醫談). He also diagnosed and prescribed for the prince Ming Gong(明宮). His works include the "Jing Fang Bian"("經方辨"), "Shang Han Lun Si Ci"("傷寒論釋司"), "Huang Zhao Zhu Jia Zhi Yan Ji Yao"("皇朝諸家治驗集要") and "Shang Han Ja Bing Lun Lei Juan"("傷寒雜病論類纂"). of these, the "Jing Fang Bian"("經方辨") states that the Shi Gao(石膏) used in the "Shang Han Lun" had three meanings-Fa Biao(發表), Qing Re(淸熱), Zi Yin(滋陰)-which were from 'symptoms', and first deducted the effects and then told of the reason. Another book, the "Jiu Zhe Tang Du Shu Ji"("九折堂讀書記") researched and translated the difficult parts of the "Shang Han Lun", "Jin Qui Yao Lue", "Qian Jin Fang"("千金方"), and "Wai Tai Mi Yao"("外臺秘要"). He usually analyzed the 'symptoms' of diseases but the composition, measurement, processing and application of medicine were all in the spectrum of 'analystic research' and 'researching analysis'. 4) The ancestors of Mori Rits(森立之 1807${\sim}$ 1885) were warriors but he became a doctor by the will of his mother, and he learned from Shibue Chosai(澁江抽齋) and Isawaran Ken and later became a pupil of Shou Gu Yi Zhai, a historical research scholar. He then became a lecturer of medical herbs at the Yi Xue Guan, and later participated in the proofreading of "Yi Xin Fang"("醫心方") and with Chosai compiled the "Jing Ji Fang Gu Zhi"("神農本草經"). He visited the Chinese scholar Yang Shou Jing(楊守敬) in 1881 and exchanged books and ideas. Of his works, there are the collections(輯複本) of "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing"(神農本草經) and "You Xiang Yi Hwa"("遊相醫話") and the records, notes, poems, and diaries such as "Zhi Yuan Man Lu"("枳園漫錄") and "Zhi Yuan Sui Bi"("枳園隨筆") that were not published. His thoughts were that in restoring the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing", "the herb to the doctor is like the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi"("說文解字") to the scholar", and he tried to restore the ancient herbal text using knowledge of medicine and investigation(考據). Also with Chosai he compiled the "Jing Ji Fang Gu Zhi"("經籍訪古志") using knowledge of ancient text. Ritzi left works on pure investigation, paid much attention to social problems, and through 12 years of poverty treated all people and animals in all branches of medicine, so he is called a 'half confucianist half doctor'(半儒半醫). 5) Kitamurana Ohira(喜多村直寬 1804${\sim}$1876) learned scriptures and ancient texts from confucian scholar Asaka Gonsai, and learned medicine from his father Huai Yaun(槐園). He became a teacher in the Yi Xue Guan in his middle ages, and to repay his country, he printed 266 volumes of "Yi Fang Lei Ju("醫方類聚") and 1000 volumes of "Tai Ping Yu Lan"("太平禦覽") and devoted it to his country to be spread. His works are about 40 volumes including "Jin Qui Yao Lue Shu Yi" and "Lao Yi Zhi Yan" but most of them are researches on the "Shang Han Za Bing Lun". In his "Shang Han Lun Shu Yi"("傷寒論疏義") he shows the concept of the six meridians through the Yin-Yang, Superficial or internal, cold or hot, deficient or replete state of diseases, but did not match the names with the six meridians of the meridian theory, and this has something in common with the research based on the confucianism of Song(宋儒). In clinical treatment he was positive toward old and new methods and also the experience of civilians, but was negative toward western medicine. 6) The ancestor of the Taki family Tanbano Yasuyori(丹波康賴 912-955) became a Yi Bo Shi(醫博士) by his medical skills and compiled the "Yi Xin Fang"("醫心方"). His first son Tanbano Shigeaki(丹波重明) inherited the Shi Yao Yuan(施藥院) and the third son Tanbano Masatada(丹波雅忠) inherited the Dian You Tou(典藥頭). Masatada's descendents succeeded him for 25 generations until the family name was changed to Jin Bao(金保) and five generations later it was changed again to Duo Ji(多紀). The research scholar Taki Motohiro was in the third generation after the last name was changed to Taki, and his family kept an important part in the line of medical officers in Japan. Taki Motohiro(多紀元簡 1755-1810) was a teacher in the Yi Xue Guan where his father was residing, and became the physician for the general Jia Qi(家齊). He had a short temper and was not good at getting on in the world, and went against the will of the king and was banished from Ao Yi Shi(奧醫師). His most famous works, the "Shang Han Lun Ji Yi" and "Jin Qui Yao Lue Ji Yi" are the work of 20 years of collecting the theories of many schools and discussing, and is one of the most famous books on the "Shang Han Lun" in Japan. "Yi Sheng" is a collection of essays on research. Also there are the "Su Wen Shi"("素問識"), "Ling Shu Shi"("靈樞識"), and the "Guan lu Fang Yao Bu"("觀聚方要補"). Taki Motohiro(多紀元簡)'s position was succeeded by his third son Yuan Yin(元胤 1789-1827), and his works include works of research such as "Nan Jing Shu Jeng"("難經疏證"), "Ti Ya"("體雅"), "Yao Ya"("藥雅"), "Ji Ya"("疾雅"), "Ming Yi Gong An"("名醫公案"), and "Yi Ji Kao"("醫籍考"). The "Yi Ji Kao" is 80 volumes in length and lists about 3000 books on medicine in China before the Qing Dao Guang(道光), and under each title are the origin, number of volumes, state of existence, and, if possible, the preface, Ba Yu(跋語) and biography of the author. The younger sibling of Yuan Yin(元胤 1789-1827), Yuan Jian(元堅 1795-1857) expounded ancient writings at the Yi Xue Guan only after he reached middle age, was chosen for the Ao Yi Shi(奧醫師) and later became a Fa Yan(法眼), Fa Yin(法印) and Yu Chi(樂匙). He left about 15 texts, including "Su Wen Shao Shi"("素間紹識"), "Yi Xin Fang"("醫心方"), published in school, "Za Bing Guang Yao"("雜病廣要"), "Shang Han Guang Yao"(傷寒廣要), and "Zhen Fu Yao Jue"("該腹要訣"). On the Taki family's founding and working of the Yi Xue Guan Yasuka Doumei(失數道明) said they were "the people who took the initiative in Edo era kampo medicine" and evaluated their deeds in the fields of 'research of ancient text', 'the founding of Ji Shou Guan and medical education', 'publication business', 'writing of medical text'. 5. The doctors of the 'Kao Zheng Pai ' based their operations on the Edo Yi Xue Guan, and made groups with people with similar ideas to them, making a relationship 'net'. For example the three families of Duo Ji(多紀), Tang Chuan(湯川) and Xi Duo Cun(喜多村) married and adopted with and from each other and made prefaces and epitaphs for each other. Thus, the Taki family, the state science of the Makufu, the tendency of thinking, one's own interests and glory, one's own knowledge, the need of the society all played a role in the development of kampo medicine in the 18th and 19th century.

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