• 제목/요약/키워드: Worry

검색결과 377건 처리시간 0.039초

대학병원 성장클리닉을 내원한 아동에서 설문 조사를 통한 키성장 관리 실태분석 (Questionnaire-based analysis of growth-promoting attempts among children visiting a university growth clinic)

  • 허경;박미정
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제52권5호
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    • pp.576-580
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    • 2009
  • 목 적:현재 우리나라 아동들은 키를 더 크게 하려는 여러 가지 인위적인 노력이 만연되고 있으나 그 실태 분석에 관한 연구는 드물다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성장클리닉을 방문한 아동들에서 키를 크게 하기 위해 인위적 관리 실태를 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법:상계백병원 성장클리닉을 방문한 아동 823명(남아 416명, 여아 407명)을 대상으로 키 성장을 위한 인위적 관리실태에 관한 설문지 조사를 시행하였다. 결 과:성장클리닉을 방문한 아동의 평균연령은 만 $10.4{\pm}2.6$세였고 신장의 z-score는 $-1.58{\pm}0.91$였다. 키를 크게 하기 위해 인위적인 관리를 한 경우는 전체의 33.4%였다. 키를 크게 하기 위해 인위적 관리를 받은 아동 중에서, 한의원에서 성장촉진 한약 및 성장보조약을 복용한 경우가 각각 37.8%로 가장 많았고 성장호르몬 치료를 받은 경우가 2.9%였다. 영양제나 건강보조식품을 먹인 경우 종합비타민 및 무기질제가 42.6%로 가장 많았고 키 큰다는 성장보조제(영양제+생약성분) 23.9%, 단일 칼슘제 19.1%, 클로렐라 7.7%, 초유 6.7% 순서였다. 부모님이 자녀의 키에 대해 고민을 시작한 나이는 평균 7.7세였으며 키 성장을 위한 인위적 관리를 시작한 평균연령은 한약 8.9세, 성장보조제 9.1세, 운동/기구가 9.4세, 병원치료 9.9세의 순서였다. 키 성장 관리를 시작하게 된 동기 중에는 친지의 권유가 36.0%로 가장 높았고, 인터넷 및 언론 광고 28.4%, 약국에서의 권유 16.8%, 병원 의사의 권유 5.5%였다. 사용 후 만족도는 성장호르몬치료가 29.1%로 가장 높았고 운동/기구는 6.4%, 한약은 6.6%, 성장보조제는 2.8%로 가장 낮았다. 결 론:대학 병원 성장클리닉을 내원한 아동의 1/3에서 키를 크게 하기 위한 인위적인 관리를 이미 하고 있었으나 효과에 대한 만족도는 높지 않았으며 여러 성장촉진 보조요법에 대한 의학적 견지에서의 성장 작용 및 부작용에 대한 객관적 비교분석이 조속히 이루어져야 하리라 사료된다.

EC기준 순환식 수경재배에서 코크피트배지 재사용이 여름작형 파프리카의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Reused Cocopeat Substrate on Growth and Yield of Summer-cultivated Paprika in EC-based Recycling Hydroponic Cultivation)

  • 장동철;최기영;여경환;김일섭
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 2017
  • 본 실험은 순환식 수경재배에서 배지 재사용이 여름 파프리카의 생육 및 착과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험구는 30% 배액 재사용을 기준으로 새배지, 1년 재사용 배지, 2년 재사용 배지로 구분하여 4월 18일부터 2016년 11월 31일까지 30주간 시행하였다. 실험결과 생육초기 초장은 2년 재사용 배지가 신규배지보다 길었지만 이후 역전되어 최종 생육초장은 56.58cm 짧았다. 1그룹 개화위치는 재사용 배지가 새배지에 비해 2.92cm 짧았고, 2그룹 개화위치는 0.31cm 길었다. 생육초기의 상대적 절간장은 재사용 배지를 사용할 경우 새배지를 사용하는 것에 비해 생육 후기의 불균형이 심화되었다. 1, 2년 재사용 배지의 생육마디수는 27.4마디로 가장 적었다. 하지만 수확마디수는 시험구간 차이를 보이지 않았기 때문에 2년 재사용 배지의 수확율이 26.8%로 가장 높았다. 비상품과의 비율은 생육이 진전될수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 생체중은 새배지가 227.7g, 2년 재사용 배지가 219.2g으로 재사용 배지가 21.2g 적었다. 건물중은 전 생육기간중 4그룹에서 가장 높았는데, 이 시기의 새배지의 건물중은 17.13g, 1년 재사용 배지 18.26g, 2년 재사용 배지 19.28g으로 배지를 재사용 할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 전 생육기간의 평균 수분함량은 배지를 재사용 할수록 적었는데, 1년 재사용 배지가 2년 재사용배지보다 약 20g 더 적었으며, 이러한 경향은 전 생육 기간 동안 꾸준히 나타났다. 특히 1년 재사용배지는 3그룹 이후부터 다른 시험구에 비해 약 60g 이상 적었다. 결론적으로 코이어 배지를 재사용한 파프리카 순환식 수경재배시 중기생육 이후의 세력약화로 인한 비상품과의 발생을 유의하여 관리한다면 배지의 물리 화학성의 변화 및 병원균 감염에 의한 수량감소와 품질저하 등은 우려하지 않아도 될 것으로 판단된다.

경험표집법(ESM)을 통해 본 음악영재의 삶의 질 (A Study for Quality of Life in Musically Talented Students Using Experience Sampling Method)

  • 이현주;최인수
    • 영재교육연구
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.57-81
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구의 목적은 음악영재들이 경험하는 일상을 통해 그들이 실제 인지하는 삶의 질에 대해 알아보는 것이다. 삶의 질에 대해 측정하기 위해 일상 경험을 2가지로 나누어 살펴보았다. 하나는 외적 경험으로, 주된 활동, 함께한 사람에 대한 것이며, 다른 하나는 내적 경험으로, flow, 정서에 관한 것이다. 본 연구결과를 통해 음악영재들의 삶(일상)을 정리해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일상에서 생산활동에 참여하는 시간과 혼자 보내는 시간이 많고, 그 시간에 재능 발현을 위한 준비를 하면서 긍정적인 내적 경험을 하고 있었다. 둘째, 음악영재는 일상에서 일반청소년에 비해 긍정적인 내적 경험을 보고하고 있었다. 셋째, 다른 활동을 할 때보다 자신의 재능과 관련된 음악활동을 하면서 더 깊이 flow에 빠지고, 긍정적인 정서를 느끼고 있었다. 넷째, 음악활동을 하면서 깊은 flow를 경험하고 있었지만, 상대적으로 행복하다고 생각하지는 않았다. 이는 행복감이라는 것이 flow 경험과 동시에 오지 않는 특징을 가졌기 때문으로 보인다. 본 연구는 새로운 연구방법, 즉 경험표집법(ESM)의 사용으로 일상에 대한 풍부하고 심도 깊은 자료를 제공하고, 이러한 정보들을 통해 음악영재들을 심층적으로 이해하고 상담이나 교육을 위한 기초자료를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

의료사고와 의료분쟁에 대한 의료이용자들의 의식 조사 (The Thoughts of Patients on Medical Accidents and Disputes in Korea)

  • 이현실;이준협;임국환;최만규
    • 한국병원경영학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.1-30
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    • 2006
  • According to the available data, in these days, the number of medical accidents and disputes have significantly increased since 1990 in Korea. From this aspect, a variety of approaches and efforts to solve these problems is needed before it is too late. This study intended to identify the thoughts of patients who are directly connected with medical accidents and disputes and then to consider reasonable settlement methods of the increasing disputes. For achieving the purpose of this study, the self-administerd questionnaire was conducted with 450 out-patients who visited three university hospitals, five small and medium-sized hospitals, and ten clinics in Seoul from June 13 to 17, 2005. Incomplete questionnaires were omitted and 410 respondents(91%) were included for the analysis of this study. Each section of the survey was composed of six categories such as the recognition of malpractice, a compensation system about no-fault medical accidents, the recognition of the judgement of medical accidents in court, reasonable settlement of medical accidents, reasons of lawsuit, and the need of the medical dispute settlement organization. The major results of this study were as follows. First, more than half of the respondents, 51.9 percent, worry about malpractice. And many respondents think malpractice causes their symptoms to persist or become worse, and also some respondents think that the doctor's prescription changed too frequently. Second, as for a compensation system about no-fault medical accident, 55.7 percent of the respondents insist that a proper compensation for suffering patients or their families should be provided. And also as for the responsibility of compensation, respondents think joint compensation of both the medical institution and the government is needed foremost, followed by the medical insurance company and finally by the medical institution. The government as well as the related institutions should take responsibility for malpractice accidents for which the doctor is not responsible. Third, as for the acknowledgment of medical accident judgements by the court, 32.8 percent of respondents think that it is best to compromise with a medical institution, followed by lawsuit(26.2%), the assistance of civil organization(23.2%), and a powerful physical protest(7.6%). Fourth, as for the lawsuit of medical accidents, 62.9 percent of respondents think that patients and their families would be in a disadvantageous position in relation to medical institutions and doctors mentioning the lack of professional medical and lawful knowledge, experience and know-how as the reason. So many people have given up appeals owing to the difficulties involved in defending themselves through evidence. Fifth, about a half share of the respondents indicated that the medical institution's neglect of the responsibility of medical accidents is one of the most important reasons of lawsuit. And next respondents mentioned the lack of the medical dispute settlement organization and a general distrust of medical institutions and doctors. Sixth, a majority of respondents consented to the introduction of the need of the medical dispute settlement organization, And about a half of the respondents mentioned a readiness to accept the mediation of the organization, but the rest did not express a clear opinion. It seems that conflict among the parties concerned have existed in relation to the medical dispute settlement organization and related legislation for many years. But as this study has shown, the needs of the medical dispute settlement organization is in desperate demand. Therefore, more negotiation efforts from all interest groups should be considered for the birth of the medical dispute settlement organization and related legislation.

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종양통증관리를 방해하는 환자의 염려와 관련요인 연구 (A Study on Patients' Concerns about Management of Cancer Pain and Related Factors)

  • 김홍수;서문자
    • 재활간호학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.43-58
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    • 2000
  • Pain management is a major issue in caring of cancer patients. Patients' concerns for reporting pain and taking analgesics are patient-related barriers to the management of cancer pain. Since such study has not been done at all in Korea, it is clearly needed to study on these problems. The purpose of this study is to attain basic data in order to improve cancer pain management in Korea. This is done by: 1) examining the extent of patients' concerns that might be barriers to the optimal pain management, and the extent of related factors (pain management hesitancy, adequacy of using analgesics, pain severity and pain interference); 2) identifying the relationship between patients' concerns and the related factors. The data has been collected from 180 cancer patients who were hospitalized in medical wards of one university hospital in Seoul, Korea during the period from November 1, 1997 to February 28, 1998. The data has been collected through interviews with (1) Barriers Questionnaire - Korean Version (BQ-K); (2) Hesitancy Experience Questionnaires (HQ); (3) Pain Management Index (PMI); (4) Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); and (5) Demographic Data. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and by t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation using SPSSWIN program. The Results are as following: 1) The mean scores of Pain Management Concerns (PMC) by BQ-K were toward the moderate with a little high points(2.59). Most of the patients (99.4%) had some extent of concerns (over lout of maximum 5 points). Among the eight subscales of BQ-K, the Pain Management Concerns (PMC) about 'Fear of tolerance' was the highest (3.80) and 'Worry about side effects' was the least (1.40). 2) The extent of Pain Management Hesitancy (PMH) by HQ of wnom had pain on the day of the interview was a little higher than moderate score(5.53 out of maximum 10 points). 6.7% of the patients with experiencing pain used less adequate analgesics for the severity of pain than they were expected. 27.8% of them never used any analgesics at all. The mean score of pain severity by BPI was 16.59 (maximum: 40), and that of the interference with daily life by BPI was 32.03 (maximum: 70). 3) The patients who were older, less educated, and in low socio-economic status were likely to have more concerns. Pain Management Concerns (PMC) was positively correlated with Pain Management Hesitancy (PMH) (r=.75), pain severity (r=.44) and pain interference (r=.50). Those who were not using adequate analgesics had higher Pain Management Concerns (PMC) than did those who were using adequate analgesics (t=-5.42). The patients who had more Pain Management Concerns (PMC) tended to hesitate more to report pain and to use analgesics. They used more inadequate analgesics for the severity of pain and also had experienced more pain severity and interference with daily life. In conclusion, the patients' concerns for reporting pain and for using analgesics are major patient-related barriers to cancer pain management in Korea. The patients' concerns were correlated significantly with the level of the hesitancy experience, inadequate use of analgesics, the pain severity and the interference with daily life. Considering this, an educational program for cancer patients under the treatment with analgesics should be developed in order to solve these problems.

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만성 질환자 가족의 부담감에 관한 연구 (A Study of well-being in Caregivers Caring for Chronically Ill Family Members)

  • 서미혜;오가실
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.467-486
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    • 1993
  • Today, more chronically ill and handicapped people are being cared for at home by a family member caregiver. The task of caring for a family momber may mean that the caregiver has less time and money and more work which may result in increased fatigue and symptoms of illness. This study was done to examine the well-being of family caregivers. Fifty three family caregivers were interviewed. Concepts were measured using existing tools and included : Burden(25 item 5 point scale), Social sup-port (21 item 7 point scale), Health status defined by a symptom checklist(48 item S point scale), and Well -being defined by a quality of life scale (14 item 7 point scale) and caregiving activities. Data collection was done by interview and Q-sort. Social support and well - being were positively correlated as were symptoms and burden. Symptoms and burden were negatively correlated with social support and well-being. Items on the quality of life scale had a mean score range from 3.09 to 4.96. Quality of life related to income was lowest (3.09) but the desire to use more money for the patient was rated 2.90 on the burden scale where the item means ranged from 0.73 to 3.55. The high mean of 3.55 was for obligation to give care and the low 0.73 was (or not feeling that this was helping the patient. Mean scores for symptoms ranged from 0.26 to 2.15 with the 2.15 being for “worry about all the things that have to be done.” Over half of the patients were dependent for help with some activities of daily living. The caregivers reported doing an average of 3.40 out of five patient care activities including bathing (77.4%), shampooing (67.9%), and washing face and hands (49.1%), and 3.74 out of seven home maintenance activities including laundry (98.1%), cooking (83.0%), and arranging bed-ding(75.5%). The caregivers reported their spouse as one of the main sources of social support, including in times of loneliness and anger The mean score for loneliness as burden was 2.15 and ranked fourth and 31 (58.5%) of the sample reported being lonely recently and not being satisfied with the support received. Similarly anger caused by the patient was given a mean score of 2.13, and anger was reported to have been present recently by 38 (71.7%) of the sample and satis-faction with the support given was low. Having someone to help deal with anger ranked twelfth out of 21 items on the social support scale and had a mean score of 3.98 (range 3.49 to 5.98). Spouses were reported as a major source of social support but the fact that 50% of the caregivers were caring for a spouse, may account for the quality of this source of social support having been affected. These caregivers faced the same problems as others at the same stage of life. but because of the situation, there was a strain on their resources, particularly financial and social. In conclusion it was found that burden is correlated negatively to quality of life and positively to symptoms, but in this sample, symptoms and bur-den were scored relatively low. Does this indicate that the caregivers accept caregiving as part of their destiny and accept the quality of their lives with burden and symptoms just being a part of caregiving\ulcorner Does the correlation between the bur-den and symptoms indicate they are a measure of the same phenomenon or that the sample was of a more mobile, less burdened group of caregivers\ulcorner Quality of life was the one variable that was significant in explaining the varience on burden. Further study is needed to validate the conclusions found in this study but they indicate a need for nurses to ap-proach these caregivers with a plan tailored to each individual situation and to give consideration to interventions directed at improving quality of life and expanding social support networks for those caring for spouses.

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인터랙티브 미디어아트 콘텐츠의 인지적 어포던스가 관람자의 인터랙션과 흥미에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Cognitive Affordance of Interactive Media Art Content on the Interaction and Interest of Audience)

  • 이강소;최유주
    • 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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    • 제5권9호
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    • pp.441-450
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문에서는 인터랙티브 미디어 작품과 관객이 상호작용 하는 방법을 설명하는 상세수준이 관람자의 흥미에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 상호작용 방법을 관람자가 아는 것은 입력 장치에 대한 시지각적인 노출 및 관람자의 인지에 대한 사항으로 '인지적 어포던스'와 관련된다. 원활한 상호작용을 위해서 상호작용 방법을 명확하게 제시하면 관람자의 미적 체험으로 이끄는 호기심과 흥미가 오히려 반감될 수 있다고 보았다. 따라서 인지적 어포던스를 향상시키는 것이 항상 옳은 것은 아닐 수 있다고 보고 인지적 어포던스가 관람자의 인터랙션과 흥미에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이에 대한 연구를 위해서 두 가지의 가설을 세웠다. 첫째, 인터랙션 방법에 대한 설명이 명시적일수록 상호작용 방식에 대한 관람자의 이해도가 높아진다. 둘째, 인터랙션 방법에 대한 설명이 명시적일수록 관람자의 흥미는 떨어진다. 검증을 위한 실험으로 일상적으로 접하기 쉬운 터치 인터랙션 기술을 적용한 인터랙티브 미디어 아트 작품을 제작하였다. 작품은 시지각적 인터랙션 제시 정도를 달리한 세 가지 타입으로 제작하였다. 즉, 작동방식을 명시한 타입과 터치를 유도하는 은유적인 수준을 달리하는 두 가지 타입을 포함한 총 세 가지 타입으로 미디어아트 작품을 제작하였다. 참여자에게 각 타입의 작품을 제시, 각 참여자의 관람시간을 측정하고 흥미와 만족도에 대한 설문조사를 실시했다. 실험결과 인터랙션에 관한 명시성이 높은 타입에서 참가자의 관람시간이 길고 참여도와 흥미가 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 반면 인터랙션 방식이 명시적이지 않는 경우일수록 흥미와 만족도가 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 두 번째 가설이 잘못되었음을 알 수 있었다. 인지적인 어포던스가 향상될수록 작품에 대한 사용성과 더불어 흥미가 높아진다는 사실을 본 실험을 통하여 간접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 인지적 어포던스가 떨어질 경우 콘텐츠에 관한 관람자의 흥미가 낮아질 수 있기 때문에 예술작품 기획 시 명확한 작품 설명을 통하여 관객의 참여도를 높일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

모니터링 기능에 대한 인식이 효과적인 BPMS 도입에 미치는 영향 (An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Perception of the Monitoring Function on Effective BPMS Adoption)

  • 채명신;박진석;이병태
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.105-130
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    • 2007
  • Recently, there is a substantial interest in implementing Business Process Management System(BPMS) among enterprises with the purpose of business process innovation. BPMS redesigns and coordinates business processes in terms of both automated steps and human involvement in order to maximize the value of both involved people and systems. The reason why BPMS is getting attention from top managers is that it has the possibility to optimize the business processes by cycling the process of modeling, execution, monitoring, evaluation, and redesigning work processes. Thus, it has created high expectations about not only productivity improvement but also business process innovation. However. having an innovative nature, which is used for process innovation, BPMS implementation has great potential to stir up employee resistance. The analysis and the discussion about the prevention of the resistance against IS(Information Systems) is important because IS change the way people work and also alter the power structure within the organization, in general. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that have an impact on the effective adoption of BPMS at the enterprise level. To find out these factors, this study considers two characteristics of BPMS: First. BPMS shares some characteristics with other enterprise-wide IS such as ERP. Second, it has special BPMS-specific characteristics. Due to the lack of previous research on BPMS adoption, interviews were carried out with IT-consultants and CIOs who conducted BPMS projects previously to find out BPMS-specific features that would make BPMS unique when compared to other enterprise-wide IS. As a result, the monitoring function was chosen as the main BPMS-specific factor. Thus, this paper reviewed studies both on enterprise-wide IS adoptions, which applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and secondly on computer based monitoring to find out factors that would influence the employees' perception on the monitoring function of BPMS. Based on the literature review, the study suggested three factors that would have an impact on the employee's perception of the monitoring function: fairness of enterprise evaluation system, fairness of the boss, and self-efficacy of their work. Three factors that would impact the enterprise-wide IS adoption were also set: the shared belief in the benefit of BPMS, training, and communication. Then, these factors were integrated with TAM. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses, out factors that would impact the employees' perception on the monitoring function of BPMS. Based on the literature review the study suggested three factors that would have an impact on the employee's perception of the monitoring function: fairness of enterprise evaluation system, fairness of the boss, and self-efficacy of their work. Three factors that would impact the enterprise-wide IS adoption were also set: the shared belief in the benefit of BPMS, training, and communication. Then, these factors were integrated with TAM. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. The data analysis results showed that two among three monitoring function related factors - enterprise evaluation system and fairness of the boss - were significant. This implies that employees would worry less about the BPMS implementation as long as they perceive the monitoring results will be used fairly for their performance evaluation. However, employees' high self-efficacy on their job was not a significant factor in their perception of the usefulness of BPMS. This is related to cases that showed employees resisted against the information systems because they automated their works (Markus, 1983). One specific case was an electronic company, where the accounting department workers were requested to redefine their job because their working processes were automated due to BPMS implementation.

중학생의 인터넷음란물 접속과 성 의식의 관계 (Relationship between Access to Lewd Internet Contents by Middle School Students and Their Awareness of Sex)

  • 임종인;최인숙
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제4권
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    • pp.117-139
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this research lies in presenting logical viability for the measures that curtail access to lewd Internet contents by middle school students amidst the reality in which lewd contents are circulated freely through the Internet, a medium that the middle school students find most easy to access. In order to establish right form of awareness towards sex, this research identified the ways they access the lewd Internet contents, their reaction after the exposure to those contents, their knowledge of sex, their concerns regarding sex and their accessibility to sexual activities in order to conduct a comparative analysis on the relationship between lewd Internet contents and their awareness of sex. First, realities of accessing lewd Internet contents and reactions according to the demographics of middle school students There isa significant difference in the experience of accessing lewd Internet contents in terms of gender. Mostly, male students tend to access the contents more. As for the way they access the lewd Internet contents, both male and female students replied that they access through spam mail of lewd nature. Thus, measures to address this problem are needed urgently. As to when they first accessed the lewd contents, most of the research subjects replied that they accessed either in elementary school period or in the early middle school period. This shows that most of the students got exposed to lewd contents even before they could establish positive, correct awareness of sex. Thus, there is a risk that they may formulate wrong kind of sexual awareness. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop measures through focused sex education. Students are divided into two groups according to the time they spend on the contents averagely: those who spend over one hour and those who spend less than an hour on the lewd contents. If the students spending longer hours are not to be checked and properly guided, it may lead to increasing cases of sexual delinquencies due to their wrongly formed awareness of sex. When the question of existence(non-existence) of guardian was addressed, students with both parents tend to access the lewd Internet contents in a more diverse manner and tend to access more compared to those students from single parent or no-parent families. Accordingly, guardians need to pay attention to how their children are using the Internet. Second, awareness of sex depending on the middle school students' demographics In case of sexual knowledge, middle school students shows relatively high level of knowledge. In particular, female students are found more knowledgeable than male students, and the students in upper years are more knowledgeable as well. As a result, this research recommends that the students in lower years should be guided with more basc and detailed information, while those in upper years need to be taught to form and express their own thoughts and attitudes and to build up independence on this matter. In case of worries about sex, both male and female students don't worry too much about it. However, male students are more concerned about sex than female students in a more diverse ways. As for the differences by academic year, concerns for sex increase, as students get older. Accordingly, sex education that helps establish sound perception of the opposite sex and that focuses on the etiquettes that one must adhere to at the presence of the opposite sex need to be conducted against middle school students. In case of accessibility to sex, male students manifest higher tendency than female students. As for the differences by academic year, those in the first and second years show higher accessibility than those in their third year. In general, younger students tend to be more open-minded toward sex. Accordingly, students in lower academic years need to undergo basic knowledge oriented sex education, whereas those in upper academic years need to undergo discussion centered sex education where they subject to questions regarding their attitude and opinion. Third, relationship between the reactions after the exposure to the lewd Internet contents and their awareness of sex As the frequency of contact with lewd Internet contents increases, awareness of sex increases as well. Thus, the lewd Internet contents contribute to the increase in students' concern for sex as well as increase in accessibility to sex, which eventually become barriers to students' establishment of a healthy perception of sex. Reactions to sex after the exposure to lewd Internet contents and awareness of sex indicate a significant correlation. However, negative correlation is manifested with knowledge of sex. Thus, it is possible to know that the greater access to lewd Internet contents does not necessarily translate into increase in knowledge of sex. However, the study showed there is a correlation between concerns for sex and the level of accessibility to sex. In more detail, the more reactions to the contents they show, the more concerns for sex they have and the more positively they take acceptability to sex. Moreover, it is necessary to develop necessary measures since textbooks today do not include measures needed to address the lewd Internet contents. Given the above findings, it is necessary to continue to complement structural measures in order to prevent easy access of lewd Internet contents by middle school students. Moreover, it is necessary to be considerate of the students so that they themselves can form a healthy Internet culture and grow up within positive framework for the sex education.

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국내 항공운송산업의 현황 및 지속발전을 위한 정책제언 (Present Status of Domestic Air Transport Industry and Policy Proposal for National Carrier's Sustainable Development)

  • 최두환;황호원
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.3-34
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    • 2018
  • 우리나라 항공운송산업은 1948년 10월에 대한국민항공사(KNA) 설립된 이후, 올해로 민항 70년의 역사를 이어 왔다. 현재 우리나라는 9개의 국제항공운송사업 면허를 보유한 항공사가 활발하게 사업을 영위하고 있으며, 2017년 기준으로 우리나라는 항공운송 수송실적(국내+국제)이 세계 8위를 차지할 정도로 세계 항공업계에서 그 위상을 확고히 하고 있다. 본고는 현재 우리나라 항공운송산업에 대한 분석을 통해 국내 항공운송산업의 내재적 문제점과 그에 대한 정책적 내지 법적으로 보완할 사항이 무엇인지에 대해 살펴보고, 향후 우리나라가 글로벌 항공 강국으로 지속 발전할 수 있는 '항공정책 방향'을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 항공관련 통계자료를 분석해보면, 우리나라 항공운송산업은 매우 높은 성장률을 보이고 있으며, 국적항공사들도 지속성장을 위한 투자를 계속하고 있다. 나아가 새로운 기업들도 시장진입을 위해 노력하고 있다. 2018년 11월 현재 4개 기업이 국제항공운송사업 면허를 신청하였고, 1개 기업이 (화물)국제항공운송사업 면허를 신청한 상태이며 국토교통부는 2019년 1분기까지 면허발급 여부를 결정할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 상황에 대해 일부에서는 경쟁촉진을 통한 가격인하와 소비자 편익 향상을 기대하고 있으나, 반대편에서는 경쟁심화로 인한 항공사의 재무구조 악화와 안전투자 소홀을 우려하기도 한다. 현재 상황에서 우리나라 항공운송산업의 문제점을 정리하면 첫째, 저비용항공사들이 내국인 수요 유치에 집중하는 반면 외국인 수요 유치에 대한 노력이 부족하여 장기적이고 지속적인 성장의 기반이 취약하며, 둘째, 최근 몇 년간의 고도성장에 따라 조종사, 정비사와 같은 항공 전문인력의 부족과 주요공항의 슬롯이 포화상태에 이르러 지속성장의 장애가 되고 있으며, 셋째, 항공사들의 재무건전성이 체계적이고 지속적으로 관리되지 않아서 급작스런 지정학적 리스크나 글로벌 경기 침체시에는 항공사들의 재무상태가 일시에 급격이 나빠지고, 그 피해는 고스란히 소비자들에게 귀결될 위험이 있다. 국적항공사들이 지속 발전하기 위해서는 첫째, 성장기반을 세계 항공시장의 무한한 수요에 초점을 맞추고 국제경쟁력을 갖추어 나가고, 둘째, 정부에서 항공 인프라를 항공운송산업 규모에 맞게 지원하여야 하며, 셋째, 우리나라 항공운송산업의 미래를 이끌어 나갈 항공 전문인력을 체계적으로 양성하고, 넷째, 정부는 상시적으로 항공사들의 재무상태를 관리하여 소비자의 피해를 미연에 방지해야 할 것이다. 현재 항공운송산업은 극심한 경쟁이 일상화 되어 있다. 국적항공사의 지속가능한 발전을 위해서는 항공사들이 모두 치열하게 노력해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 정부의 모든 기관들도 우리 항공사들이 국제경쟁에서 이길 수 있도록 정책적으로 뒷받침 해나가야 할 것이다.