• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한안전경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 2004

Domestic construction industry (including plant engineering industry) faces severe competition with world-wide leading companies under WTO (World Trade Organization) system. To survive in this competition, domestic construction company should establish and operate standardization system efficiently. In this paper, check list is presented to prepare the efficient reliability management system in domestic construction. And then, the check list is applied in MIR(Maturity Index on Reliability) estimation item to estimate reliability management level of company quantitatively.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1996

With the starting of Uruguay Round(UR) and World Trade Organization(WTO), the direction of trade in world market has been setting up with the beginning of an opening age. However, world nations has been expressed a deep concern on the marketing and the circulations of unsafe foods, especially in the international trade of food products. Therefore, administration of most countries are taking a firm step on the safety of imported food products. The implementation of hazard analysis critical control point(HACCP) system in food industry is strongly appeared on the world stage at this point. Major international organizations, such as WHO, WTO, and EC have been recognized the importance of HACCP and already documented on their future plan for standardization of food safety in the international trade of food products by means of the this system. Several advanced countries have already developed HACCP system for the food industry and have been producing food products under this system. Now they have proposed rulemakings on a mandatory HACCP program in the production of domestic and imported food products. However, with the lacking of knowledge and information on the HACCP, there has been no actions for applying this system in the food industry of Korea. It is a very clear fact that Korean dairy and food industry will be faced on serious problems in exporting food products without applying HACCP system in the very near future. The objective of this article is to introduce the world trend. necessity, and application of HACCP system in food and dairy industry. Also a HACCP system developed by one dairy processing plant in Europe will be demonstrated as a moldel system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권9호
• /
• pp.209-217
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and determinants of China-ASEAN trade relations over the period of 2000-2018. Employing both the qualitative and quantitative approaches, the results show that the trade relations between China and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have remarkably developed and rapidly grown over times, with a significantly important concentration on the segments of high technological and medium technological products. We also find that China's economic scale is crucially impacting on the China-ASEAN trade relations under both the aggregate and sub-sector level. It is interesting to notice that there is no evidence to support accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and officially forming of ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) to enhance trade relation between both sides. The findings also quantitatively indicate that there is much significant potential for the expansion of mutual trade between China and some members of ASEAN such as Brunei, Laos and Malaysia, while less potential is predicted for other members of ASEAN. It is strongly suggested that China and ASEAN should find a new proactive approach and make more efforts in improving the mutual political trusts to enhance trading activities in the coming years.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.252-260
• /
• 2009

According to Article 7 and Annex B of the World Trade Organization(WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS) Measures, WTO members are required to notify their newly established or amended SPS measures that might affect international trade. This study analyzed SPS notifications from 1995 to 2008 to identify international trends for food safety measures. The notifications were collected from the SPS information management system and the official document distribution system of WTO. The 153 WTO members represented 37 developed countries, 84 developing countries and 32 least developed countries. The number of overall notifications was 9,820. The annual notifications increased from 198 in 1995 to 1,264 in 2008. The monthly average notifications were from 44.8 in December to 69.5 in June; however, there were no statistical differences among them. The six leading Members in terms of notification submissions were United States(U.S.), Brazil, New Zealand, Canada, European Community and Korea. Among the regular and emergency notifications, 62.7% notifications were concerned with food safety, followed by animal and plant protections. Among animal protection notifications, 54.8% were emergency situations. Of the 4,821 food safety notifications, 60.4% were from developed countries, and 39.3% were from developing countries. Measures concerning pesticide residues and risk assessments were mainly from developed countries. In contrast, 77.5% of the measures concerning zoonoses were from developing countries. However considering the numbers of developing and developed countries, the average number of measures for each country was similar. Food safety measures were mainly involved pesticide residues followed by food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, labeling. As the overall notifications, zoonosis measures were mainly emergency notifications. Measures concerning pesticide residues, food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, veterinary drugs, and labeling were submitted most often by the U.S., Korea, Albania, U.S., Australia, and U.S., respectively. Identifying the exact trends of food safety measures was complicated by a number of factors. However, WTO notifications might be useful tool in providing a general view of international trends.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 2020

무역은 국가 경제에 중요한 경제활동이다. 특히, WTO 출범 이후 2001년 중국의 WTO 가입, 다자간 무역체계의 확립, 자유무역협정(FTA) 등으로 무역의 범위가 확대되고, 국가 간 무역장벽의 완화 및 통합화로 인해 무역시장의 규모가 확대되고 있다. 그러나 무역시장 규모가 확대됨에도 불구하고, 2008년 글로벌 금융위기, 2016년 브렉시트, 2018년 미·중 무역전쟁과 같은 극단적인 사건 발생하여 무역시장이 직접적으로 타격받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 무역활동을 대변하는 변수인 국제 해운 운임지수와 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성 사이의 의존구조를 분석 하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성과 국제 해운 운임지수 조합의 결합분포가 각각 Frank copula, rotated Clayton copula 270°으로 나타나, 미국, 중국 국가별로 동일한 분포 구조를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, Kendall's tau 상관관계를 살펴보면, 국제 해운 운임지수와 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성 사이에 음(-)의 의존성을 갖지만, 의존성 정도는 중국 무역 불확실성과 국제 해운 운임지수의 조합에서 더 크게 나타났다. 즉, 전 세계 수요와 무역 불확실성의 의존성은 미국보다 중국이 더 강하다는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 꼬리 의존성 결과를 살펴보면, 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성과 국제 해운 운임지수가 서로 독립적인 관계로 나타났다. 이는 무역 불확실성의 극단적인 사건 혹은 국제 해운 운임지수의 극단적인 사건이 발생해도 서로 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 의미한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2007

정부의 지속적인 규제 정책으로 인해 국내 건설시장은 위축되어 있는 반면 해외 건설시장은 꾸준한 성장세를 보이고 있고, WTO(World Trade Organization)체제 출범 이후 국제적인 개방화가 가속되고 있다. 따라서 우리나라의 해외건설도 과거의 단순 입찰방식을 지양하고 해외건설 수주경쟁력 확대를 위한 전략 수립이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 해외건설 분야에서 사업초기에서부터 발주처에게 프로젝트의 재원확보 방안을 제시함으로써 수주경쟁력을 증대시키는 것을 연구의 주제로 삼았으며 재원확보 방안으로 양허성(원조성격)을 지닌 공적개발원조(ODA)를 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 선진국 및 우리나라의 공적개발원조를 분석하고, 관련 분야 전문가를 대상으로 해외건설 및 공적개발원조에 대한 설문조사를 실시하여 현황 및 문제점을 알아보았으며, 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 공적개발원조의 경쟁력을 분석하고 해외건설 수주경쟁력 확대를 위한 전략을 제안하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2006

외환위기 이후 서서히 회복하던 국내 건설시장은 정부의 지속적인 부동산 규제 정책으로 최근 들어 급속히 위축되어 가고 있다. 반면 해외건설시장은 세계경제의 성장과 더불어 WTO(World Trade Organization)체제 출범이후 시장개방이 가속화되어 지속적인 성장을 하고 있고, 또한 최근의 고유가로 인한 중동을 중심으로 한 산유국들의 발주량 증가는 국내건설업체들에게 해외 진출의 좋은 기회가 되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라 건설업체들은 해외시장에서 선진국의 기술력과 중국 등 후발국의 추격으로 입지가 줄어들고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 1970년대부터 지금까지 우리나라 해외건설 수주실적 자료를 분석하여 우리나라 건설산업이 지나온 흔적들을 하나씩 살펴보고, 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 우리나라 건설업체들의 문제점들을 찾아보고자 한다. 이를 통해 나타난 현재 우리나라 해외건설시장의 문제점들에 대한 해결방안을 제시함으로써 향후 해외건설시장 확대에 도움이 되는 분석적인 자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine Japonica rice farming of China. Asian rice is divided into Japonica and Indica species. Japonica rice represents only less than 20% of Chinese rice output, but it can compete with Korea rice in both price and quality. The rise of income level has expanded the scale of production of Japonica rice in China. China’s adhesion to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has forced Chinese policy makers to face their obligations and responsibilities such as abolishing subsidies on agricultural exports. But being member of the WTO entry also helps China exercise and enhance its influential place in the global economy. Because of geographical proximity and the fact that Korea is ranked second among countries with which China still has a trade deficit, China may seek and plead for an opening of the protected Korean rice market to stabilize prices and prevent excess supply of Chinese rice. Though Korean rice farmers feel that prices are still low, Chinese rice remains far cheaper than Korean rice with the price gap is still on the rise. In anticipation of such fierce competition, Korea must carefully review its current policies and closely follow the evolution of rice production, marketing, and trade in China. This study also suggests some of the possible research using more recent data that should be conducted in the future.

• 한국콘텐츠학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.60-74
• /
• 2003

현대사회를 '정보화 사회'라 부른다. 세계무역기구(WTO : World Trade Organization)의 단일화된 세계경제 질서하에서 국제기업(MNC : Multi-National Corporation)에 의한 세계시장 경쟁은 이 세계를 "One Market One Rule"로 만들어 버렸다. 거기에다 겨우 30여년에 불과한 정보통신의 발달은 그 종착점이 어디인지 모를 정도로 빠르게 성장하고 모든 패러다임을 변화시키고 있다. 심지어 HP의 칼리 피오리나 회장이 "Everything is possible."이란 간단한 어구로 표현한 유비쿼터스(ubiquitous)환경으로 접어들고 있는 것이 현재 우리의 모습이다.(중략)

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 1994

From 1995, the WTO(World Trade Organization) system will be activated in the world market. Therefore more liberalization in agricultural are expected. Korean farmers should be trained to overcome the difficulty due to trade liberalization. The non-formal education for farmers is carried out by various forms but does not fit need of farmers mostly. The moor part of non formal training was focused on agricultural skills so there must be more emphasis on non-agricultural skills. There are some lacks in linkage between training and government support for trainees. So more support for farmers trainees such as aspects(for example cure finanical support) and non economic support(for example the raising of farmers morale) are needed.