• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.4 s.62
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• pp.19-28
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the related factor for the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among 212 sewing worker. The survey was performed with self-administered questionnaire for the risk factors related to musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) from August 5 to 7 in 2005. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms were 75.8% and the those of the local symptoms were 71.7 % for shoulder, 60.4 % for neck, 35.8 % for arm and 50.9 % for wrist. The risk factors related the self-reported MSDs had not shown in general characteristics. But, there was a significant difference between daily working hour and wrist, working speed and neck, the degree of satisfaction and wrist for work related factor. Also, it was shown the significant difference between chair height and neck, the height of sewing machine and wrist among the space below work station, neck, waist for the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The significant correlation was shown for daily working hour and wrist, working speed and arm, work load and shoulder and the degree of satisfaction and arm for work related subjective symptom. Considering above results, it is suggested the ergonomic design be provided to working hour, the height of chair and work station as well as daily working hour even there is a significant difference for the prevalence of symptoms in each body part for sewing workers.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-40
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• 1995

A survey has been performed for the dental technicians and office workers in small cities of Julla buk-do on theis problem of cough, phlegm, wheezing, nasal cattarrh & cold, and breathlessness by using SUN-81-AL survey form which is a guletionaire on respiratory symptons The results of the analysis are as follaus. 1. The complaint on cough was made by 15 dental technicians(21.4% and by 10 office workerr(16.7%). Dental technicians showed higher complaint on cough than office workers. The predietor variable for cough was the working hours for dental technicians and the period of smoking for the office sorkess. 2. The complaints on phelgm was made by 34 dental technicians(48.6%) and by 9 office workers(15.0%). The predictor variable on phelgm was the working hour for dental techniume and the period of smoking for the office workers. There was no statistically significant difference between two group on their complaint level. 3. The complaint on the breathlessnesr was made by 24 dental technicians(34.3%) and by 22 office workers(36.7%). The predictor variable on breathlessness was the period of smoking for dental technicians and the working hour for office workers. 4. The wmplaing on nasal catarrh & cold wax made by 29 dental technicians(41.4%) and 22 office workers(36.7%). The predictr variable on nasal catarrh & cold was the working hour for dental workerr, and the perird of smoking for the office workers. 5. The complaint on wheezing was made by 9 dental technicians(12.9%) and 8 office workers(13.3%). The primary predictor variable on wheezing was the working hour for both groups, and the secondary predictor variable was the period of smoking. 6. The complaint on the chest and lung dislase was made by 12 dental technicians(17.1%) and 4 office workers(6.7%) dental technicians showed bigher complaint. on chest and lung disease than the office workers. Bronchitis was the higher frequency illuess reported from both of the groups among chest and lung disease. 7. In conclusion, the predictor variable on respiratory illness was the working hour for dental techniciane, and the period of smoking for the office workers 8. 25 dental technicians(35.7%) and 9 office workers(15.0%) selected air pllution as the most urgent problem that working environment, has had. There was statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.001)

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.348-356
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• 2005

Water quality sampling surveys and continuous measurement of flow were conducted to identify wastewater flow characteristics for representative catchment of O and M treatment basins in A city. For HS-1 station representing commercial area, wastewater flow rises in the beginning of office-working hours, moves up and down within narrow range, and lasts till office-leaving hour, and falls gradually reflecting worker's returning home. However, in HS-2 station representing residential area, wastewater flow has two peaks, which are before office-going hour and after office-leaving hour. In residential area, the flow rate of weekends is higher than that of weekdays because it reflects population, being not contributed to generate wastewater during the working hours of weekdays, stay home and produce wastewater for weekends period. To determine the priority for rehabilitation of sewer system, infiltration rate was computed by dividing infiltration flow by mean diameter and total length of sewer, and HS-1 station ranked the first.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 2021

Background: Many studies have reported noticeable increases in the proportion of employees working either relatively short or relatively long hours. Such trends have been accompanied by an increasing concern regarding work hour mismatches defined as a discrepancy between actual and preferred work hours. The aim of this study was to investigate association between work hour mismatch and depression. Methods: Data regarding work hour mismatches for 47,551 adults were extracted from the 2017 Korean Working Conditions Survey. The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index was used to measure depression. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between work hour mismatch and depression. Results: Men and women workers with work hour mismatch were more likely to have depression [underemployed males: odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.49, overemployed males: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.18-1.40; underemployed females: OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.20-1.56, overemployed females: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.23]. Underemployed workers, workers who worked more than 52 hours per week, and workers with a high income level, all had higher ORs for depression. The greater the discrepancy between actual and preferred work hours, the higher OR for depression among both underemployed and overemployed workers. Conclusions: A difference between actual and preferred work hours was associated with depression. Underemployed workers had a higher risk of depression than that of overemployed workers. As a work hour mismatch negatively affected workers' mental health, it is important to reduce work hours mismatches as well as shorten the absolute number of work hours.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.85-104
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• 2018

Globally, more than 90 percent of all international commerce takes place via sea freight. In terms of container cargo volume, Busan Port is the world's sixth largest port, given its geographical conditions. Regarding geographic advantages, a cargo-working operation that met customers' demand using a 24-hour operating delivery system also contributed to the growth of Busan Port as a global hub. However, research and studies on the working conditions for stevedores are lacking, even though the port industry relies heavily on human resources. Therefore, this study identifies the awareness of the working environment by cargo-working employees at Busan Port and their satisfaction level related to their working environment, such as working two shifts in a 24-hour period.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job characteristics on smoking, and the mediating effects of job stress between job characteristics and smoking among elderly workers. Methods: This study employed data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and a total of 778 older workers were used for analysis. Current smoking status, job stress, job characteristics including physical job demands, job demands related to contents, working days, regularity of working hour, satisfaction with income, and sociodemographic factors were analyzed. Descriptive analysis, t-tests, chi-square test, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Results showed that physical job demands and regularity of working hours were significant predictors of smoking of elderly workers. The higher level of physical job demands and regular working-hour increased the risk of smoking. Also, physical job demands, job demands related job contents, and income satisfaction directly impacted on job stress. However, job stress did not mediate the relationship between job characteristics and smoking. Conclusions: The findings suggest that smoking interventions for older workers should take into account job characteristics. Implications for practice and future study directions are discussed.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1989

The study was made to clarify the degree of fatigue of dental technicians in service at the general &local hospital or the dental laboratories in the large cith of korea. The objectives of this study were 235 dental technicians who replied the questionaire which was sent by postal service out of 600 dental technicians selected by random sampling among the workers of the each dental laboratory. The instruments used in this study was the same one as developed by Industry Fatigue committee of Japan Industry Hygiene Association. This instrument was included total 30 items which is consisted of 10 perceived symptoms of fatigue in physical, mental and neuro-sensory dimension respectably. Reliability was tasted with the data of objectives, in which value of Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 9457. The following results were obtained. 1. It was revealed that the influencing demographic variables on the perceived symptoms of fatigue of dental technicians were sex, age, marital status, educational background, job carrier, working part, working hour and commuting hour. The shorted the age or job carrier, thge higher dearee of the perceived symptoms of fatigue. The longer working hours of commuting hours, the higher degree of the perceived symptoms of fatigue. The degree of the perceived symptoms of fatigue in females, unmarried person, the one with higher educational background, workers except orthodontic appliances and poorcelain contouring were higher than the other group. 2. The higher degree of the rest & leisure condition, the lower degree of the physical, mental and neuro-sensory perceived symptoms. 3. The higher degree of environmental condition of the working, the lower degree of the physical, mental and neurosensory perceived symptoms.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.19.1-19.5
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• 2023

There are several types of shift work in Korea: rotating shift, 24-hour shift, day-night shift, fixed night work, and.so on. As a result of analyzing the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 6th Korean Working Condition Survey, Korean shift workers accounted for 11.6%-13.9% of wage workers. Weekly working hours of shift workers were 57.69 ± 1.73 (24-hours shift) and 49.97 ± 0.67 (fixed night shift), which were significantly longer than day workers. To prevent health consequences of night work, many countries regulate the working hours of night work not to exceed 7-9 hours a day. However, Korea does not regulate working hours for night work, and some occupations may work more hours than the prescribed overtime hours. To prevent health consequences and reduce working hours for Korean night shift workers, it is necessary to regulate the working hours of night shift workers by law.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.276-283
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• 2007

Purpose: This present study has been conducted on female workers' shorter working hours in order to look into their fatigue level and the correlation between fatigue and working hours. Method: We surveyed 237 respondents using a questionnaire from June 1st to June 20th, 2005. Results: The means of total fatigue complaint was 3.45. The fatigue level was significantly higher in the lower age group, unmarried group, manager group and shorter working duration group. And the fatigue level was significantly correlated to working hours and work intensity. In the results of stepwise multiple regression, factors affecting the fatigue level were the change of work intensity, age, regular diet habit, working hours and the type of occupation. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the health promotion programs, which can reduce female workers' fatigue level and relieve the intensity of their works.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.20.1-20.7
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• 2023

The policy proposal by the current Korean government that proposes flexible overtime rules is causing social controversy. This study has explored the 612 experts' opinions on the occupational safety and health impacts of the policy using an online self-report survey. They expected short-term overwork (87.25%), overwork inequality (86.44%), irregular working hours (84.31%), chronic overwork (84.15%), long working hours (83.66%), and unpredictability of working hours (81.86%) as a result of the policy change. They also responded that the policy change would increase industrial accident deaths (87.25%), mental illnesses (87.09%), deaths due to overwork or cardiovascular diseases (83.84%), and accidents (83.33%). They disagreed that the government's flexibilization policy, while agreeing that the necessity of policies on regulating night work (94.77%), guaranteeing wages to eliminate overtime (90.36%), establishing working time regulations for the bogus self-employed (82.84%), and applying the 52-hour workweek system to all workplaces (76.47%). These expert opinions are consistent with previous research on the health effects of working hours.