• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 1992

Indicies of the labor productivity were assessed from 80 industry foodservice erstablishments in terms of meals served per labor hour, labor minutes per meal served, and labor cost per meal served. The labor productivity indicies were also assessed according to variables related to work such as working hours, paryment for the workers, volume of feeding, utilization of foodservice equipment, use of processed foods, and background of employees. The summary of the results was as follows: 1. Manufacturing sector among surveyed industry foodservice showed the highest labor productivity indicies followed by training institute. 2. 28.8% of surveyed establishments used dishwashing machine, while manual dishwashing was used in 71.3% of subjects, equipped rate point was 9.8 out of 20, and disposable dish was used in 30% of subjects. 3. A significant positive relationship was found between the number of meals and the labor procductivity indicies. As the number of meals increased, more meals were served per worker as per labor hour. 4. A significant negative relationship was found between price of meal and the labor productivity didicies. As the price of meal increased, less meals were served per worker as well as per labor hour.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting on unmet healthcare needs of married immigrant women, especially who are working in South Korea. Methods: It is designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. We analyzed data from 8,142 working married immigrant women to the 'National Survey of Multicultural Families 2015.' Based on Andersen's health behavior model, logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictors of unmet healthcare need. Results: The prevalence of unmet healthcare needs among the subjects was 11.6%. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of unmet needs included existence of preschooler, country of origin, period of residence in predisposing factors, monthly household income, helpful social relationship, social discrimination, Korean proficiency, working hour per week in enabling factors, and self-rated health, experience of grief or desperation in need factors. Conclusion: The association between labor-related factors and unmet healthcare needs of marriage immigrant women currently working was found from nationally representative sample. Support policies for immigrant women working more than legally defined hours and having preschooler should be supplemented to reduce unmet healthcare needs. In addition, eradicating discrimination in workplace, enlarging social relationship, and developing culturally competent nursing services tailored to health problems caused by labor are needed.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the psychosocial working environment and mental health of financial workers, and analyze the impact of the former on the latter. Methods: Data of 257 financial clerks were extracted from the 2017 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Psychosocial working environment was divided into five fields: demands at work, work organizations, interpersonal relations, workplace violence, and working hour quality. Mental health included sleeping problems, psychological well-being, and job stress. Results: A total of 6.1% subjects reported sleep problems, 28.2% experienced poor psychological well-being, and 39.6% had job stress. More than half the subjects were exposed to tight deadlines, complex tasks, hiding feelings at work, fair treatment, fair distribution of work, colleagues' support, and managers' support. Tight deadlines, workplace violence, long working hours, hiding feelings at work, and managers' support had a significant impact on the mental health of financial clerks. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we propose that employers, workers, and health managers in the financial industry should work together to establish a respectful organizational culture, prevent long working hours through recruitment, and conduct programs to protect emotional health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.664-675
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to explore the nurses' perception of flexible working and present an operational guideline for implementation. The data were collected from a survey of 532 nurses conducted from 10 February to 24 February, 2015, using simple random sampling. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data. This study found that the demanding for shorter hour shifts was highest ($M=3.89{\pm}0.87$) and 242 participants (46.2%) intended to apply the shift, followed by a fixed night shift, fixed weekend shift, and 12 hour shift. The common reasons identified were the poor environment of shift work and the challenges of child care. The increased time for personal development, relaxation activity to improve the quality of life and child care was highlighted and work-life balance was noted as a positive impact of flexible working. The negative impacts of flexible working were being likely to become temporary workers. These results can help establish uniform working conditions of nurses in the future by providing a standardized operational guideline as a precondition for reasonable compensation and working environment according to a flexible working pattern.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.89-105
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze working mothers' demand for child care and housekeeping home services, and to investigate the present supply condition of home services in Korea. Data collection was implemented to examine the service demand of working mothers(n=700) in four areas. The data were analyzed with SPSS. The results were as follows: 1) For home-based child-care dispatch services social enterprises are superior to other private service suppliers in terms of the treatment of service workers, wages, and quality control. As for child care service contents, the provision of meals, and casual safeguards were mostly expected. The most important qualification for care providers was found to be in faithfulness, and the certification related with child care was required. An affordable wage range was perceived as ￦3,000~5,000 per hour, and part time services. For the time range, services which commenced before 9 am and terminated after between 5~6 pm were preferred. 2) For housekeeping dispatch services, standard services, including basic cleaning, preparation of meals and side dishes, special cleaning, and washing, were in demand. The required qualifications of housekeeping service providers were similar to those of child care service providers. Possessing certification was not considered as an important quality; however, personality and career type were important factors. An acceptable wage range was ￦3,000~5,000 per hour and part-time services were preferred. In terms of the service time range, services which commenced between 8~9 am and terminated between 5~7 pm were preferred.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 2020

This study examined Korean employees' meal structure characterized by mealtime, meal places, and companions. The data from 19,692 time diaries, recorded by 9,846 employees aged 19-64 years for two days in the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, were analyzed for working days and non-working days. Approximately two-thirds of Korean employees ate meals three times a day on both working and non-working days. The breakfast and lunch-times on working days were distributed within two hours, but the dinner time on working days and all three meals on non-working days were dispersed across a three-hour range. Male employees spent three minutes on meal preparation on working days, whereas females spent 30 minutes. On working days, 88% of breakfasts and 67% of dinners were eaten at home. For lunches, 46% were eaten at restaurants, and 42% were at workplaces. The breakfast on working days showed the highest percentage of eating alone (40%) and the dinner on non-working days appeared highest in the percentage of eating with families (69%). The characteristics of Korean employees' meal structure appeared different on working days and non-working days. Such characteristics should be considered in the process of planning nutrition policies and programs for employees.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Recently, there are many research of musculoskeletal disorders in manufacturing industry because of increasing interest of that disorders, but the research is still lacking in the small business and service industry. So we researched relationship between working characteristics and subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders by get information of 145 hairdresser about working hour, work record, position and working pattern. The results of this research show that there are many musculoskeletal disorders of hairdressers' neck, shoulder, arm, knee and also close relationship between working characteristics and subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Besides, some parts of subjective symptoms have an effect on other parts of body. This information contributes to future reference and a precautionary measure about musculoskeletal disorders for hairdressers.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

Purpose: This study analyzed the amount of stress and the different effects according to the working times(hours) of a week in two groups: more than 40 hours a week and less than 40 hours a week. Method: The study was conducted from November 1st 2005 to December 15th 2005. The purpose of the study has already been explained in the experiment objectives. 20 copies of evaluation forms were sent by mail to 50 different health sections of participating work sites. A total of 1,000 copies were sent out and 870 were sent back. Within the forms, sent back 120 copies had insufficient data, so 750 copies of evaluation forms were analyzed. Result: Working stress for under 40 hours of working time showed a total of 46.10 points and 47.18 for over 40 hours of working time. For over 40 hours, job demand and occupational climate was high and under 40 hours showed a high rate of job control. For under 40 hours of working time, the factors that caused stress were female, irregular diet habit, age of 30's, nonmanufacturing, and single. For over 40 hours of working time, the factors that causes stress were age of over 40, when the number of employees is 500~999, high rate of fatigue, when the position of the employee is higher then section chief, and when the work amount is high. Conclusion: The stress rate showed significantly higher in over 40 hours of working time. Therefore, adequate working hour distribution and health promotion programs are needed. The factors that cause stress in both under and over 40 hours of working time differed. Therefore, a distinguished program to control work stress for additional working time is needed.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the physical and psychological health effects from automobile air pollution, 99 employees who worked near a main street were given a general health questionnaire, and the prevalence of their subjective complaints was measured. The collected data were classified according to gender, sleep time, degree of regular exercise, self-consciousness of symptoms, length of employment, work time, rest time, and smoking status. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The scores related to health complaints regarding physical and psychological items were higher in females than in males. THI scores were higher for the < 4 hour sleep time group. The health complaint scores for physical items were higher in the regular exercise group, whereas most scores for mental items were higher in the irregular exercise groups. The health complaints scores for physical and psychological items were higher in the unhealthy symptom group than in other groups. Those employees who had worked for > 4 years showed significantly higher rates of complaints regarding the eyes and skin. THI scores were higher for the < 6 hour working time group. The smoking group showed higher scores regarding health complaints related to physical items. The THI scores of the respiratory organs, mouth, anus, and digestive organs were significantly higher for the smoking group than for the non-smoking group. In summary, this study shows that the health complaint scores regarding physical and psychological symptoms tended to be higher among the unhealthy group, the less sleep time group, the less work time group, smokers, and females. These results can be used to improve the psychosomatic health status and working environments of employees who work near a main street.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.16-30
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• 2008

Rapid change of surroundings has been influencing the work environment for cooks, making it more convenient; however, there are still many difficulties to improve. Especially, cooks are exposed to lots of occupational diseases due to tension and pressure as well as noise, high temperature and humidity in their work place. This study examines cooks' operational exhaustion caused by cooking operation and cooking circumstances. The analyzed result shows the job fatigue related to the general features of the cooks(such as charged cooking part, types of engaged business, class of position, cooking career, and working hours). For example, pains on the neck, back, arms and wrist are mostly affected by the charged cooking parts. Effects related to the types of engaged business, backaches usually occurred in Catering, pains in shoulder from serving at hotels and eye-tiredness from meal serving. As for working hours, most of backaches occurred from over 13-hour-work, and pains in shoulder and eye-tiredness under 8-hour-work. Pains in legs, tiredness, and the change of weight do not have any relations withthe general features of the cooks statistically(p>0.05).