• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.12A
• /
• pp.1356-1366
• /
• 2004

Recently, the IEEE 802.11 working group has announced a new distributed MAC called EDCF to provide service differentiation among traffic classes. With the increasing demand for supporting Quality of Service in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, the EDCF is now attracting many researchers' attention due to its practical worth as a standard mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the analytical approach to evaluate the performance of the EDCF. An analytical model is developed to estimate the throughput of the EDCF in saturation (asymptotic) conditions. Extensive simulation studies have been carried out for the validation of the analysis, and they show that it estimates the throughput of the EDCF accurately By utilizing the analytical model, we evaluate the performance of the EDCF. Specifically, we concentrate on discovering the characteristics of the EDCF Parameters, such as CW/Sub min/, CW/Sub max/ and AIFS, in the way that they influence on the performance of the EDCF.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.11B
• /
• pp.689-697
• /
• 2005

The IETF has created the v6ops Working Group to assist IPv6 transition and propose technical solutions to achieve it. But it's quite problem which security consideration for a stage of IPv4/IPv6 transition and co-existence. There are new security problem threat that it caused by the characteristics of heterogeneity. In this paper, we describe IPv6 transition mechanisms and analyze security problem for IPv6 transition mechanism. also we propose security consideration and new security mechanism. We analyzed DoS and DRDoS in 6to4 environment and presented a address sanity check as a solution. We also showed an attack of address exhaustion in address allocation server. To solve this problem, we proposed challenge-response mechanism in DSTM.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.72-82
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to review health and adjustment issues of Korean students in the context of international students' health in the United States. The number of international students studying in the United States has increased. In addition, more and more Koreans come to the United States for education. Korean students formed the fifth largest international group found on American campuses. As more and more international students study on American campuses, their health needs and problems became a concern to health professionals. Most health problems international students experience are stress related and psychosomatic. These students also have difficulties in using health care services. International students face barriers to obtaining health care because of differences in language and differences in cultural beliefs toward health. Korea manifests an eastern culture which is quite different from the western culture, so many Korean students studying in the United States experience difficulties in adjustment and using health care services. The study on the needs of Korean students in the U.S. reviewed in this research was a survey of 105 Korean students at the Pennsylvania State University, 1990. Korean students' health problems included stress, colds, fatigue, and headaches. Homesickness, financial problems, and academic problems were also important problems the Korean students faced. Korean students usually did not participate in any activities with Americans as much as with Koreans. Most Korean students did not participated in any health education workshops held on campus. This may be because the students had not participated previously in health education workshops conducted on campuses in Korea. Korean student's confidence with the English language appeared to be an important variable in using or not using the university health services. University health professionals in the United States need to develop better information system for international students so that they may better use the health services provided on campus. Also, university health professionals working on campuses in Korea need to put more attention on health of college students and provide on-campus health education workshops which meet the student's needs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This is to review drinking behavior and policies to reduce harms caused by alcohol use in Korea and to discuss their implications from a health promotion perspective. Methods: A purported selection was made to include extant literature on drinking behaviors and alcohol control policies into this review. For drinking behaviors reports of national health statistics were used while reports of alcohol control policies submitted to public institutes/organizations were selected for review. Results: Alcohol consumption per capita indicates stable trends over the last two decades. However, percentages of drinkers with high risk drinking over time vary; men remains stable while female appears to increase. Relatively, a few data and/or reports were available about harms derived from alcohol use. Although there are alcohol policies being cost-effective to deal with alcohol related harm in Western society, few alcohol policy available in Korea of being effective, cost-effective with respect to reduction of harms associated with alcohol use. Conclusions: Policy emphasis should be shift from drinkers to availability of alcohol to reduce alcohol related harms with taking health in all policies into consideration. Both statutory mechanism and public acceptance should be of high priority in putting recommended alcohol policy into action.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.214-221
• /
• 2015

A new classification system with 9 main categories and 56 subcategories for the Open Korean Knowledge Dictionary is proposed. The classification system setup is to prepare for the standard classification system to be used to manage effectively vast of terminologies which were published in the Open Korean Knowledge Dictionary and is meant to enhance the fifteen-year old classification system for the standard korean great dictionary to match up to the trend of the modern terminology. The new terminology classification system covering all the academic areas such as humanity, sociology, politics, science, medicine, agriculture, engineering, etc, is designed and proposed after investigating several classification systems. The classification system setup procedures follow as ${\circ}$ The classification system is designed and planed by both the classification system and the academic expert. ${\circ}$ Classification system design covers all the academic areas following National Science and Technology standard classification system after investigating several classification systems such as the National Research Foundation, National Science and Technology Standard Act, Ministry of Knowledge Economy. ${\circ}$ Poll and survey is made to collect comments from total 93 members of several academic areas. ${\circ}$ The poll result is reviewed among working group members and utilized to update the new terminology classification system. Reclassifications are made for the around 200,000 terms in electricity, computer, medicine, pharmacy, biology, and economics according to the new terminology classification system.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.192-202
• /
• 2003

This descriptive study aimed to determine the effects of community based health education program for pregnant women on their confidence in labor and breastfeeding. Data were obtained using several questionnaires and administered to 174 pregnant women who have participated (n=49) and have not participated(n=125) in health education program, and 244 mothers of infants who lived in one city in Kyunggi province. Summaries of finding were as follows; First, pregnant women who have participated in health education program showed significantly higher score in confidence in labor than those who have not. Also, confidence in labor was different according to the level of education. Second, pregnant women participated in health education program showed higher score in knowledge and attitude on breastfeeding, but the differences were not significant. Knowledge on breastfeeding was higher in multipara. More positive attitude on breastfeeding was found in working mothers and highly educated mothers. Third, $54.1\%$ of mothers continued breastfeeding over six months. Main reasons for discontinuing breastfeeding were lack of breast milk amount, and health problems in infants and mothers. In this study, we could identify the positive effects of health education program for pregnant women provided by public health center, and find the related factors of confidence in labor and breastfeeding. Community based health education program for pregnant women, especially for vulnerable group should be expanded.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2009

IEEE 802.11e proposed by IEEE 802.11 working group to guarantee QoS has contention based EDCA and contention free based HCCA. HCCA, a centralized polling based mechanism of 802.11e, needs a scheduling algorithm to allocate the network resource efficiently. The existing standard scheduler, however, is inefficient to support for QoS guarantee for real-time service having VBR traffic. To improve these limit, in this paper, we First, we propose priority polling algorithm which additionally considers the size of MSI and TXOP based on EDD algorithm to increase number of QSTAs. We also propose a dual token bucket TXOP allocation algorithm to reduce congestion caused by stations which enters network with considerable delay variance. TSPEC parameters, Maximum Burst Size (MBS) and Peak Data Rate (PR), are applied to design depth and token generation rate of two buckets. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has much higher performance compared with reference and SETT-EDD scheduler in terms of throughput and delay.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.336-345
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe health in optimal fitness (HOF) in young children born prematurely and to analyze factors affecting HOF in health status, investment resources, and anthropological values, based on HOF theory. Methods: A case-control study of 76 children with preterm births (PTB) was conducted at 24 to 42 months of corrected age. Their HOF status was evaluated based on height, weight, head circumference, and the Korean-Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II and classified as either HOF-achieved or HOF-uncertain in the domain of growth, development, and all together. Results: For growth, development, and all, 26.3%, 27.6%, and 47.4% of children, respectively, belonged to the HOF-uncertain group. Logistic regression analysis showed that longer length of hospital stay (${\geq}21days$; OR=7.8; 95% CI [1.5, 40.5]), worse scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (${\geq}38$; OR=0.1; 95% CI [0.0, 0.4]), having a working mother, (OR=5.7; 95% CI [1.2, 27.6]), and an older mother (${\geq}35years$; OR=8.8; 95% CI [2.1, 37.3]) were statistically significant contributors of HOF-uncertain in the domain of all. Conclusion: Findings show that young children born prematurely with prolonged stays in a neonatal intensive care unit and insufficient socioeconomic resources at home are more likely to exhibit delayed growth and development.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

Indoor space is a new horizon of spatial information services. With recent progress of indoor positioning technologies and mobile devices such as smart phones, indoor spatial information services become available and an emerging market. Accordingly, exchanging and sharing indoor spatial information between independent services become an important issue. For this reason, a standardization working group, called IndoorGML has been launched last year in OGC with the aim of publishing IndoorGML standard by September, 2013. Its primary goal is to provide a framework for representing network topology in indoor space, which is a fundamental element of indoor LBS. In this paper, we will explain the basic concepts of indoorGML and discuss the modeling issues. And several application use-cases of IndoorGML will be also presented in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine changes towards positive ethics in registered nurses working in hospitals who took part in performing 'theatre of situations' in terms of issues of nursing ethics. Methods: This research was conducted with one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample, 232 registered nurses, voluntarily participated in a contest of 'Theatre of Situations' with themes of nursing ethics hosted by Hospital Nurses Association of Korea on September 8, 2011. For this contest, eight nursing situational scenario regarding ethical issues or dilemma were created. The theatre of situation was performed by volunteer nurses over a period of 160 minutes. Data were collected before and after the performance using 10 items to measure Positive Ethics. Item internal consistency had a Cronbach's alpha in this study of .716. Results: Before the theatre of situations was performed, the mean (${\pm}$standard deviation) level of positive ethics was 2.34 (${\pm}.37$). For the nurses who participated, there was a significant increase in the degree of positive ethics after the theatre of situations ($2.62{\pm}.36$, p<.001). Conclusion: This result implies that indirect experiences such as 'theatre of situations' in terms of ethical issues, created as well as performed, is effective for registered nurses in changing their ethical perspective positively and in realizing ethical ideals.