• Language and Information
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-68
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• 2005

This paper proposes an informational approach to the dative alternation in English following up on the Stochastic Optimality- Theoretic (OT) model by Bresnan and Nikitina (2003). While Bresnan and Nikitina's stochastic OT model resolves the crucial problem of 'gradience' unavoidably implicated in variation phenomena by applying the notion of probability to linguistic problems, it fails to account for the details of the unusually alternating examples, which normally would not alternate. More importantly, it fails to capture the focus effect involved in the alternation. This paper has worked out all the problematic examples by modifying the Bresnan and Nikitina model. This new account captures not only the unusual behavior of the less-alternating verbs and idioms but also the special focus effect of the common alternating verbs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.26-34
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• 2005

In this paper, a novel moving least squares interface welding method is proposed to carry out the coupled analysis of whole model composed of independently modeled finite element substructures with nodal mismatching interfaces. To verify the validity, and efficiency of the proposed interface welding method, various numerical examples are worked out including patch tests, convergence tests, and examples of coupled analyses of the structural systems with mismatching substructures. From the numerical tests, it is confirmed that one can efficiently carry out the coupled analysis of whole model composed of mismatching finite element substructures through the proposed method without any remeshing or any additional unknown.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

Objectives and Methods : The aim of this study was to investigate twirling and supplementation and draining by analyzing ancient acupuncture literature and modern research papers, and to discuss the quantitative standards for the procedure. Results : Twirling supplementation and draining techniques were first described in Huang do neijing, after which they were recorded in various other ancient acupuncture texts. Not only were these techniques used in the active treatment of patient historically, but they also form the foundations of modern-day acupuncture treatment. Twirling supplementation and draining techniques described in ancient literatures can be divided into Yin and Yang. Examples of Yang characteristics include Up, Male, Morning, Hands, the governor vessel, Outside, and Left. The left rotation technique is a reinforcing method performed by moving the thumb forward while rotating the needle. Examples of Yin characteristics include Down, Female, Afternoon, Foot, the conception vessel(CV), Inside, and Right. The right rotation technique is a reducing method performed by moving the thumb backward while rotating the needle. Twirling supplementation and draining has been divided for four ways by classical literature and research that worked before. the direction of acupuncture, the stimulus-quantity of acupuncture, the performance of doctor(the uses of both hands, left and right hand) and the feeling of patient. Conclusions : Therefore, continuous research is required to implement Twirling supplementation and draining in a consistent manner. In addition, more active clinical trials using the techniques are necessary as well.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.198-200
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• 2001

In this paper, we describe the developed learning tool of expert system for preventive diagnosis of substation power equipments. The expert system was programmed by using the diagnosis methods as like gas analysis in oil and partial discharge, hottest temperature, the current of OLTC driving meter, the current of fan and pump in MTr and driving coil current in GCB and leakage current in LA. The learning tool is composed of the expert system and the explanation of diagnosed examples and the applied rules and it well worked according to the rule.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.32 no.1_2
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• pp.61-74
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• 2014

This paper describes an iterative method for orthogonal projections $AA^+$ and $A^+A$ of an arbitrary matrix A, where $A^+$ represents the Moore-Penrose inverse. Convergence analysis along with the first and second order error estimates of the method are investigated. Three numerical examples are worked out to show the efficacy of our work. The first example is on a full rank matrix, whereas the other two are on full rank and rank deficient randomly generated matrices. The results obtained by the method are compared with those obtained by another iterative method. The performance measures in terms of mean CPU time (MCT) and the error bounds for computing orthogonal projections are listed in tables. If $Z_k$, k = 0,1,2,... represents the k-th iterate obtained by our method then the sequence of the traces {trace($Z_k$)} is a monotonically increasing sequence converging to the rank of (A). Also, the sequence of traces {trace($I-Z_k$)} is a monotonically decreasing sequence converging to the nullity of $A^*$.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2E
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• pp.33-38
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• 1996

This paper provides an approach for representing an optimum vector quantizer by a scalar nonlinear gain-plus-additive noise model. The validity and accuracy of this analytic model is confirmed by comparing the calcuated model quantization errors with actual simulation of the optimum Linde-Buzo-Gray(LBG) vector quantizer. Using this model we frm MSE measure of an M-band filter bank codec in terms of the equivalent scalar quantizatin model and find the optimum FIR filter coefficients for each channel in the M-band structure for a given bit rate, given filter length, and given input signal correlation model. Specific design examples are worked out for 4-tap filters in the two-band paraunitary case. These theoretical results are confirmed by extensive Monte Carlo simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.466-471
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• 2004

Efficient numerical finite element analysis of creeping concrete structures requires the use Kelvin or Maxwell chain model, which is most conveniently identified from a continuous retardation or relaxation spectrum, the spectrum in turn being determined from the given compliance or relaxation function. The method of doing that within the context of solidification theory for creep with aging was previously worked out by Bazant and Xi, but only for the case of a continuous retardation spectrum based on Kelvin chain. The present paper is motivated by the need to incorporate concrete creep into the recently published microplane model M4 for nonlinear triaxial behavior of concrete, including tensile fracturing and behavior under compression. In that context. the Maxwell chain is more effective than Kelvin chain. because of the kinematic constraint of the microplanes used in M4. Determination of the continuous relaxation spectrum for Maxwell chain. based on the solidification theory, is outlined and numerical examples are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2013

Sample concentration and purification processes are essential in the bio-analytical and pharmaceutical fields because most bio samples or media are extremely sophisticated. To concentrate and purify specific substances, passive membrane type filters have been utilized, which is driven by size or charge differences between target and others. The traditional and representative method to identify nucleic acid sequences in the complex biosample is gel electrophoresis, which has been worked by size and net charge of molecules. The adsorption phenomena have been also utilized to concentrate and purify biomolecules. This adsorption of biomolecule can be controlled under specific salts and surfaces as well as surface area. To utilize the differences of physical properties of molecules or bio-targets such as virus, bacteria, and cells, the nanotechnologies can be introduced in target concentration, purification, and isolation processes. In here, I'd like to briefly survey typical examples of nanobiotechnologies which are introduced in sample treatment. Also I specifically demonstrate two different simple techniques to concentrate and detect bacteria from the samples using multifunctional silica nanotube (SNT).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.761-769
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• 2012

In this paper the Modified Finite Element-Transfer Matrix Method, which is the combination of Transfer Matrix Method and Finite Element Method, is applied to the static analysis of the structures. In the method, the structure is divided into substructures thus the number of unknowns that need to be worked out is reduced due to the transformation process. The static analysis of the structures can be performed easily and speedily by the proposed method. At the end of the study examples are presented for ensuring the agreement between the proposed method and classic Finite Element Method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1994

Based on the transfer matrix approach and integral transforms, a solution method is developed for the stress analysis of axisymmetrically loaded transversely isotropic elastic media with generalized interlayer and support conditions. Transfer functions (Green's functions in the transformed domain) are obtained in explicit integral form. For several problems of practical interest with different loading and support conditions, solutions are worked out in detail. For the inversion operation, an efficient technique is introduced to remedy the slow convergence of numerical integrals involving oscillating functions. Several illustrative examples are considered and numerical results are presented.