• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.523-533
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• 1999

We consider the M/G/1 queueing model with D-policy. The server is turned off at the end of each busy period and is activated again only when the sum of the service times of all waiting customers exceeds a fixed value D. We obtain the distribution of unfinished work and show that the unfinished work decomposes into two random variables, one of which is the unfinished work of ordinary M/G/1 queue. We also derive the distribution of queue waiting time.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.28 no.1_2
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• pp.531-537
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• 2010

In this paper, some vacation policies are considered, which can be related to the past behavior of the system. The server, after serving all customers, stays idle or to wait for some time before a vacation is taken. General formulas for the waiting time and the amount of work in the system are derived for a vacation policy. Using the analysis on the vacation system, we derived the waiting time in the sequential bottleneck station.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.60-72
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• 1994

Background: The number of outpatients visiting large university teaching hospitals has increased drastically with the introduction of a nationwide health care insurance in 1989 and the improvement of the socio-economic status of the population. This resulted in long waiting times for services, particularly prescribed drugs, which have been patients' chief complaints. Hospitals have tried to solve the problem with limited success because their approach lacked comprehensive research. The objective of this study is to investigate associations between waiting times and variables defining a total work system. Methods: Data for the outpatient pharmacy department in a tertiary care university teaching hospital located in Seoul was analyzed to achieve the study objective. Associations of pharmacy system variables -- work load, work force, pharmacist work schedule, machine problems, and inventory control -- with mean and 99th percentile of waiting times were examined by the hierarchical stepwise regression method. Day was a unit of the analyses. Results: The regression models explained 65.8% of variance in the mean waiting time and 61.34% in the 99th percentile of waiting times. The break-down of the printer for drug envelops, Automatic Tablet Counters (ATCs), and main computer system lasted longer than 30 minutes increased the mean for 7.7 minutes, 4.5 minutes, and 7.0 minutes, respectively, and the 99th percentile for 14.8 minutes, 9.0 minutes, and 15.7 minutes, respectively. Concerning the work force, study results showed that there were significant differences in the productivity of pharmacists with work experience more than three years, one to three years, and less than one year, and showed that peak time aid work by pharmacists at job assignments other than the outpatient pharmacy, part-time pharmacists, and the installation of ATCs were effective in reducing waiting times, Finally, study findings indicated that the operational policy of work assignment and rotation schedule, supply and inventory of drugs at work tables, and readiness for undisrupted work during the work hours could have a significant effect on waiting times. Conclusion: The study results indicated that efforts to reduce waiting times for prescribed drugs should be geared toward every components of the pharmacy work system ranging from work schedule of pharmacists and supply of dugs at work tables. These findings should provide hospital managers with right directions in battling the problem.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 1998

Background : Many patients have been frequently complaining that they have to spend couples of hours in hospital on visiting outpatient clinic. Among several steps, two major time consuming steps were waiting to see a doctor and/or waiting at pharmacy to get medicine. Therefore not only to provide the proper guidance for medication or counseling on health affairs but also to make waiting time short is very important for the better hospital services. The aim of this study is to validate several time-saving processes to reduce waiting time at outpatient pharmacy and its efficacy. Methods : We surveyed the time interval actually taken to receive medicine after issuing prescription by doctors, and analyzed the data on the bases of relevant or possible causative factors. Then following processes were given to reduce waiting time and resurveyed and compared both data to validate efficacy of those processes : 1. No work-off on Monday and Tuesday 2. Work hour shift to start 30 minutes earlier 3. Changeable work shift between outpatient pharmacy and ward pharmacy according to work load 4. Use of pre-made medicines prescribed more frequently by certain doctors at certain time 5. Cooperation with doctors to use set prescriptions. Results : Before the process, mean waiting time at pharmacy was 29.2 minutes and most time consuming period was from noon to 1 PM, 3 to 4 PM, 1 to 2 PM in order of frequency. Only 37.7 % of patients could get the medicine within 20 minutes. Three times of surveys after process showed mean waiting time at pharmacy were 18.1 minutes, 19.0 minutes, and 17.6 minutes, respectively. And 72.7 %, 81.3%, and 82.2% of patients could get the medicine within 20 minutes. Conclusion : The mean waiting time was markedly reduced with above mentioned processes which applied intradepartmently event hough with little cooperation from other department. Consequently, the complaints of patients were decreased with increasing the satisfaction degree. In conclusion, those suggestions were recommanded to improve the degree of satisfaction of patients.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

PACS Import external image of the thread of the tasks and duties of hospital revenue and business efficiency falls over time. 500 beds or more medical imaging import work outside of the hospital, most hospitals use a PC, KIOSK, and was used in 15 hospitals where, CD Autoloader where use was the only one. Working hours compared to CD and DVD media to test the results of the Import target PC, KIOSK, CD Autoloader Import spent less time in the order, and also the greater capacity of CD Autoloader four times the PC, KIOSK 2 times Import could be implemented quickly. In addition, the waiting time of the patients was measured using the PC's time to Import, 2011 14.5 minutes and the average patient waiting time, KIOSK and later use CD Autoloader 2012 average patient wait time of 8.25 minutes, 43% of the existing average waiting time was 5.25 minutes to reduce. However, KIOSK case of a patient in a way that directly Import latency time was soon. Import of three ways: in terms of efficiency and excellent CD Autoloader way, the patient waiting time in terms of ease of use and KIOSK was excellent. In addition, with the introduction of CD Autoloader with KIOSK Joint of the items waiting time of patients and patient satisfaction rating is considered to be a major contribution.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1993

Hospital pharmacy services are divided into dispensing affairs for inpatients and outpatients, pharmaceutical service, stock control, intravenous admixture service, drug information service, pharmacokinetic consultation service, education and research work, etc. But among those affairs, dispensing affair for outpatient is perceived as the most important work in Korea, because it is linked directly with hospital service for patients. Therefore, total computer system for dispensing area was adopted from opening point of hospital in 1989 in Asan Medical Center. Utilization of computer system for outpatient dispensing area is as follows; 1) Order communication system of prescription by Total Hospital Information System, 2) Automatic print-out system of direction for use by sticker connected with on-line net work, 3) Use of automatic tablet counting and packaging machines connected with on-line net work. Those computer system resulted in curtailment of pharmacy manpower and shortening of waiting-time for outpatient.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 1997

This paper presents an approximate analytical model to estimate the mean packet walting times at the stations in the IEEE 802, 6 subnetwork of a metropolitan area network. Each station is modeled as a two queue single server system, which serves data packets and requests from downstream stations according to the DQDB protocol. The model estimates the mean waiting time of the requests and in turn, using the discrete time work conservation law, estimates the mean waiting time for packets. Simulation experiments shows that the model accurately works even under very high traffic loads.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.807-842
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• 2001

This paper summarizes recent development of analytical and algorithmical results for stationary FIFO queues with multiple Markovian arrival streams, where service time distributions are general and they may differ for different arrival streams. While this kind of queues naturally arises in considering queues with a superposition of independent phase-type arrivals, the conventional approach based on the queue length dynamics (i.e., M/G/1 pradigm) is not applicable to this kind of queues. On the contrary, the workload process has a Markovian property, so that it is analytically tractable. This paper first reviews the results for the stationary distributions of the amount of work-in-system, actual waiting time and sojourn time, all of which were obtained in the last six years by the author. Further this paper shows an alternative approach, recently developed by the author, to analyze the joint queue length distribution based on the waiting time distribution. An emphasis is placed on how to construct a numerically feasible recursion to compute the stationary queue length mass function.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.171-175
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• 2011

Server and Pi view management, external image and internal image Copy Import business in PACS room is through the medical assistance. Import and Copy, and in particular the number of cases is increasing the number of import is a fast growing trend. Although the increase in workload With limited human resources to increase business efficiency so Remote system is using PACS room. This remote system will want to evaluate the effectiveness of using the service. Amount of data each 437.5 MB, Copy and Import time is to compare and evaluate sees by use 1 PC. 4 PC, 4 PC+ remote system. The use of the remote system before the January 2010 to June daily average waiting time and the use of the remote system after the January 2011 to June compared to a daily average patient waiting time, evaluate. Using the remote system in January 2011 to June Find out the average remote utilization. The biggest difference on the four copy and eight continued, Were performed two times faster by use 4 PC+ remote system than use 4 PC and four times faster than use 1 PC. Before using the remote system, the daily average wait time is 14.5 minutes after using the daily average 10.2 minutes, waiting time 30% of the existing waiting time was 4.3 minutes, to reduce. Using the remote system in January 2011 to June the average daily number of cases is 107 number and The number of remote and on average 35 cases with 32% in a day remote usage. The use of the remote system to Import, CD Copy and greatly increase the efficiency of their time could be. Hours due to efficiency could also reduce customer waiting time. As a result, the manpower and the use of a remote system over time to maximize efficiency in business hours, work was evaluated by.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2024

It is a common observation that whenever any patient arrives at the front desk of a hospital, outpatient clinic, or other health-associated centers, they have to first queue up in a line and wait to fill in their registration form to get admitted. The long waiting time without any status updates is the most common complaint, worrying health officials. In this paper, UrNext, a location-aware mobile-based solution using Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) technology, is presented to solve the problem. Recently, a technology-oriented method has been gaining popularity in solving the healthcare sector's problems, namely the Internet of Things (IoT). The implementation of this solution could be explained through a simple example that when a patient arrives at a clinic for her consultation. There, instead of having to wait in long lines, she will be greeted automatically, receive a push notification telling her that she has been admitted along with an estimated waiting time for her consultation session. This will not only provide the patients with a sense of freedom but would also reduce uncertainty levels that are generally observed, thus saving both time and money. This work aimed to improve clinics' quality of services and organize queues and minimize waiting times in clinics, leading to patient comfortability and reducing the burden on nurses and receptionists. The results demonstrated that the presented system was successful in its performance and helped achieve high usability.